TINJAUAN YURIDIS WAJIB DAFTAR PERUSAHAAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 3 TAHUN 1982 TENTANG WAJIB DAFTAR PERUSAHAAN

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan wajib daftar perusahaan menurut Undang-undang No.3 Tahun 1982 tentang wajib daftar perusahaan dan bagaimana sanksi dan akibat hukum bagi perusahaan menurut Undang-undang No.3 Tahun 1982 tentang wajib daftar perusahaan yang dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Pengaturan hukum mengenai wajib daftar perusahaan pada umumnya diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1982 tentang Wajib Daftar Perusahaan, dengan adanya tambahan-tambahan undang-undang yang secara khusus seperti Undang-Undang Nomor17 Tahun 2012 tentang Perkoperasian, Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 dan Permendagri Nomor 76 Tahun 2018 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendaftaran Perusahaan. 2. Sanksi dan Akibat hukum bagi perusahaan yang tidak didaftarkan dalam Daftar Perusahaan terdapat dalam Pasal 32 Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1982 tentang wajib daftar perusahaan yang meliputi sanksi pidana penjara selama 3 (tiga) bulan dan sanksi denda sebanyak Rp 3.000.000 ( Tiga Juta Rupiah)Kata kunci: perusahaan; wajib daftar perusahaan

Identification of a Novel Glucuronyltransferase From Streptomyces Chromofuscus ATCC 49982 For Patural Product Glucuronidation

Glycosylation is an effective way to increase the polarity of natural products. UDP-glucuronyltransferases (UGTs) are commonly observed and extensively studied in phase II drug metabolism. However, UGTs in microorganisms are not well studied, which hampered the utilization of this type of enzyme in microbial glucuronidation of natural products. Screening of five actinomycete strains showed that Streptomyces chromofuscus ATCC 49982 can convert diverse plant polyphenols into more polar products, which were characterized as various glucuronides based on their spectral data. Analysis of the genome of this strain revealed a putative glucuronidation gene cluster that contains a UGT gene (gcaC) and two UDP-glucuronic acid biosynthetic genes (gcaB and gcaD). The gcaC gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Incubation of the purified enzyme with resveratrol and UDP-glucuronic acid led to the production of resveratrol-4′-O-β-D-glucuronide and resveratrol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide, allowing GcaC to be characterized as a flexible UGT. The optimal in vitro reaction pH and temperature for GcaC are 7.5 and 30 °C, respectively. Its activity can be stimulated by Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+, whereas Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ showed inhibitory effects. Furthermore, GcaC has a broad substrate specificity, which can glucuronidate various substrates besides resveratrol, including quercetin, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, curcumin, vanillin, chrysin, zearalenone, and apigenin. The titers of resveratrol-4′-O-β-D-glucuronide and resveratrol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide in E. coli-GcaC were 78.381 ± 0.366 mg/L and 14.991 ± 0.248 mg/L from 114.125 mg/L resveratrol within 3 h. Therefore, this work provides an effective way to produce glucuronides of resveratrol and other health-benefitting natural products

Laboratory diagnosis and susceptibility profile of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Philippines

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori diagnosis and susceptibility profile directs the applicability of recommended treatment regimens in our setting. To our knowledge, there is no published data on the culture and local susceptibility pattern of Helicobacter pylori in the Philippines. METHODS: 52 dyspeptic adult patients undergoing endoscopy from the Outpatient Gastroenterology clinic of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital underwent multiple gastric biopsy and specimens were submitted for gram stain, culture, antimicrobial sensitivity testing, rapid urease test and histology. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Epsilometer testing (Etest) method against metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline. RESULTS: Sixty percent (60%) of the study population was positive for H. pylori infection (mean age of 44 years ± 13), 70% were males. H. pylori culture showed a sensitivity of 45% (95% CI [29.5–62.1]), specificity of 98% (95%CI [81.5–100%]), positive likelihood ratio of 19.93 (95% CI [1.254–317.04]) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.56 (95% CI [0.406–0.772]). All H. pylori strains isolated were sensitive to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the antibiotic susceptibility patterns in our setting allows us to be more cautious in the choice of first-line agents. Information on antibiotic susceptibility profile plays an important role in empiric antibiotic treatment and management of refractive cases

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肠道微生物代谢物猪去氧胆酸靶向 Toll 样受体 4/髓样分化因子 2 复合物以减弱小鼠巨噬细胞的促炎活性和防御宿主对败血症的影响</p

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Gut microbial metabolite hyodeoxycholic acid targets Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 complex to attenuate macrophage pro-inflammatory activity and defense host against sepsis in mice</b

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Gut microbial metabolite hyodeoxycholic acid targets Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 complex to attenuate macrophage pro-inflammatory activity and defense host against sepsis in mice</p

Forced Change: Teaching anti-oppressive journalism in a time of pandemic fatigue

In this podcast episode, a panel of journalism professors from Carleton and Toronto Metropolitan universities discuss their experiences teaching anti-racist approaches to journalism while also dealing with both pandemic fatigue and oppression fatigue. They identify how pandemic and oppression fatigue added new layers of stress for both educators and students. The panel touches on strategies they use for making BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and People of Colour) students feel welcome in journalism, for example by taking on mentorship roles both inside and outside of class. They also discuss how they bring care to the classroom by allowing students to rewrite assignments, incorporating breathwork in their classes, or incorporating regular check-ins to see how students are feeling