In vivo and in vitro evaluation of resin-bonded porcelain restorations

The aim of this study is to undertake a long term retrospective evaluation of resin-bonded porcelain restorations of different types placed in a private practice. It is hypothesised that different preparation designs for each type of restoration may affect the longevity of the resin-bonded porcelain restorations. The thesis is also concerned with the modes of failures for these restorations, including fractures, debonding, irreversible post-operative sensitivity, colour mismatch. Finally, the survival rates of restorations according to the types of restorations (single, bridgework, with and without metal reinforcement) are analysed.Thesis (M.D.S.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Dentistry, 1997

Cancer registry in Iran: A brief overview

Cancer registry is an important tool for any successful cancer control program. The first formal cancer related data from Iran were published in 1956. In 1969, observations documenting a high incidence of esophageal cancer in the Caspian Littoral, urged researchers to set up the first population-based cancer registry in this region. This cancer registry was established jointly by University of Tehran and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In 1976, another cancer registry started its activities in Fars Province. In 1984, the Parliament passed a bill mandating the report of all tissues "diagnosed or suspected as cancer tissue" to the Ministry of Health. While only 18% of all estimated cancer cases were reported in first reports, this rate increased to 81% in 2005 In 1998, Tehran Population-Based Cancer Registry started to collect data from cases of cancer referred to the treatment and diagnostic facilities throughout the Tehran metropolis. Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, established four new population-based cancer registries in Northern Iran and another in Kerman Province in the south. These five provinces have a total population of about 9.5 million, and constitute about 16% of the total population of Iran. While the pathology-based cancer registration is in place, we hope that the addition of the population-based cancer registries, and establishment of new registries in poorly-covered areas, will improve cancer reporting in the country

Corrigendum to �Cauda equine syndrome due to Brucella spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess formation: A case report� (Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery: Advanced Techniques and Case Management (2019) 17 (42�44), (S2214751918302676), (10.1016/j.inat.2019.01.011))

The authors' regret: Acknowledgements must be deleted because it is not related to our manuscript. The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 201

Wave functions in the neighborhood of a toroidal surface; hard vs. soft constraint

The curvature potential arising from confining a particle initially in three-dimensional space onto a curved surface is normally derived in the hard constraint $q \to 0$ limit, with $q$ the degree of freedom normal to the surface. In this work the hard constraint is relaxed, and eigenvalues and wave functions are numerically determined for a particle confined to a thin layer in the neighborhood of a toroidal surface. The hard constraint and finite layer (or soft constraint) quantities are comparable, but both differ markedly from those of the corresponding two dimensional system, indicating that the curvature potential continues to influence the dynamics when the particle is confined to a finite layer. This effect is potentially of consequence to the modelling of curved nanostructures.Comment: 4 pages, no fig

The effect of intra-articular meperidine and bupivacaine 0.5 on postoperative pain of arthroscopic knee surgery; a randomized double blind clinical trial

Background: Arthroscopic knee surgeries have a painful postoperative course, which often necessitates acute pain management. Among different analgesia techniques, Intra-articular injection is the technique of choice for many pain specialists, based on its confined effect to the surgical site (knee), lack of systemic effects and promotion of safe early ambulation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare analgesic effects of intra-articular meperidine, bupivacaine 0.5 or their combination after knee arthroscopic surgery. Patients and Methods: Sixty ASA class I-II patients� candidates for arthroscopy knee surgery enrolled in a randomized double blind study to receive either 20 mL of bupivacaine 0.5; 100 mg meperidine (diluted in normal saline) or bupivacaine 0.5 along with 100 mg meperidine. A written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Postoperative analgesia duration, VAS at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours, the Results: The bupivacaine-meperidine group had better duration of postoperative analgesia (P = 0.001), latter first analgesic request (P � first analgesic request time, total fentanyl consumption in first 24 hours, patients� satisfaction and adverse effects were recorded. 0.001), lower total fentanyl consumption in first 24 hours after the operation (P = 0.001), less mean VAS at 2 hours (P = 0.001) and more patients� overall satisfaction (P = 0.01) compared with each medication alone. VAS at 6, 12 and 24 postoperative hours were not different between the groups of study. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: Although postoperative intra-articular meperidine is a better alternative for bupivacaine, their combination could improve their analgesic effects compared with each other alone. © 2015, Iranian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ISRAPM)

Types and Causalities in Dead Patients Due to Traumatic Injuries

Background: Trauma constitutes a major public health problem in our country and contributes significantly to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of trauma in dead patients referred to Shahid Rajaee Trauma Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all patients with trauma admitted to our center were enrolled between March 2011 and February 2012. Age, gender, months of referring, causalities, and injured body parts of the victims were extracted from the data registry and analyzed. Results: A total of 9113 patients, including 7163 (78.6%) males and 1950 (21.4%) females were evaluated. Among them, 479 patients (5.3%) had died. There was a significant difference between the age of alive and dead patients (35.70 ± 0.18 and 45.44 ± 1.01 years, respectively (P < 0.001)). In addition, dead men had significantly higher percentage than alive men (83.7% and 78.3%, respectively, P = 0.005). The highest percentages of men and women who referred to our center and died were in September. Crashing by car had the most frequency of dead (247 cases) in referred patients and motorcycle accident, stabbing, and falling related injuries with 67, 36 and 26 dead cases were in the next ranks. Thorax injury had the most frequency between dead patients (53.2% of all dead) and the intracranial injury and trauma to extremities altogether were in the next ranks, which constituted more than 18.8% of all dead. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that car and motorcycle accidents are the most important cause of trauma and thorax trauma had the most frequency among dead patients. Epidemiological evaluations and preventive measures such as this study should be conducted to provide valuable data

Endoscopic screening for precancerous lesions of the esophagus in a high risk area in northern Iran

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major health problem in many developing countries, including Iran. ESCC has a very poor prognosis, largely due to late diagnosis. As a first step in developing an early detection and treatment program, we conducted a population-based endoscopic screening for ESCC and its precursor lesion, esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD), in asymptomatic adults from Golestan Province, northern Iran (a high-risk area for ESCC) to evaluate the feasibility of such a program and to document the prevalence and risk factor correlates of ESD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among participants of the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS), a population-based cohort of 50,000 adults in eastern Golestan Province. Randomly selected GCS participants were invited by telephone. Those who accepted were referred to a central endoscopy clinic. Eligible subjects who consented were asked to complete a brief questionnaire. Detailed information about selected risk factors was obtained from the GCS main database. Endoscopic examination with was performed with Lugol's iodine staining; biopsies were taken from unstained lesions as well as the normally stained mucosa of the esophagus, and the biopsies were diagnosed by expert pathologists according to previously described criteria. Results: In total, 1906 GCS subjects were invited, of whom only 302 (15.8%) were successfully enrolled. Esophagitis (29.5%) and ESD (6.0%) were the most common pathological diagnoses. Turkmen ethnicity (adjusted OR = 8.61; 95%CI: 2.48-29.83), being older than the median age (OR = 7.7; 95% CI: 1.99-29.87), and using deep frying cooking methods (OR = 4.65; 95%CI: 1.19-18.22) were the strongest predictors for ESD. There were significant relationships between esophagitis and smoking (p-value<0.001), drinking hot tea (P value = 0.02) and lack of education (P value = 0.004). Conclusion: We observed a low rate of participation in endoscopic screening. The overall prevalence of ESD was 6.0%. Developing non-endoscopic primary screening methods and screening individuals with one or more risk factors may improve these rates

Cauda equnia syndrome due to Brucella spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess formation: A case report

Brucellosis is an infection with a widening clinical disease spectrum, has been reported as the causative agent of lumbar spine complications but rarely accompanying CES Injury. We report a female patient with Brucella spondylodiscitis affecting the lumbosacral region resulting in CES due to epidural abscess formation. Brucella spondylodiscitis should be suspected in patients with unexplained neurological features and low back pain in endemic regions. © 201

Geochemistry, petrogenesis, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopic composition of Kuh-e-Shah volcanic rocks: Implications for an active continental margin along with eastern Iran during the Paleogene

The Kuh-e-Shah complex includes the Paleogene volcano-plutonic belt of the Lut Block, eastern Iran. The volcanic rocks which outcropped in this complex mainly consist of trachy-andesites, andesites, and basaltic-andesites that mineralogically contain plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, and minor biotite and olivine. Geochemically, they have features typical of high-K calc-alkaline to shoshsonitic magmas with enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). Chondrite-normalized REE plots show enrichment in light REE (4.9 < LaN/YbN < 11.6), Nb depletion and the slight negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.80–0.99). Tectonic discrimination diagrams are used to infer a volcanic arc setting related to a continental subduction zone. It is concluded that the studied volcanic rocks have resulted from FC of a parental magma which formed by partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust and the overlying mantle wedge with spinel-lherzolite composition. Zircon Usingle bondPb dating indicates an age of 38.6 to 38.9 Ma for volcanic rocks (Middle Eocene, Bartonian). Initial 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.704350–0.704820 and 0.512619–0.512779, resp.), are compatible with parental melts formation in a subduction mantle wedge. The ɛNdi values (+0.60 to +3.73) are in the range of mantle-derived melts. We suggest that volcanic rocks of the Lut Block are part of the Paleogene volcanism resulted from the Sistan oceanic crust subduction under the Lut Block during the Cretaceous.publishe

Obesity pandemic: An Iranian perspective

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in most developed and developing countries have been increasing markedly over the past two decades. This increase includes all ages, genders, racial and ethnic groups, income, and educational levels. A variety of genetic, environmental, physiological, psychological and sociocultural factors influence the development of obesity. Iran like many other developing countries is now experiencing the global epidemic of obesity and its consequences. Recent epidemiological studies have revealed that the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and metabolic syndrome in Iran is equal to or higher than Europe and the United States and it is the primary cause of the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the important comorbid states such as hypertension, cardiovascular, renal, and gastrointestinal diseases along with increasing the burden of cancers. This is also in line with the present etiologies of death in Iran with cardiovascular disease and cancer accounting for nearly 60 of causes of nontraumatic death. The prevalence of obesity in Iran has reached epidemic proportions and is specifically affecting women and younger age groups also. The increased consumption of calorie-dense regular and fast foods and sucrose-enriched drinks, together with an increasingly sedentary lifestyle, appear to be major factors contributing to this epidemic. The per capita consumption of carbonated beverages in Iran is 42 liters per year and 40 of Iranians consume more food than they need, and the average Iranian consumes 40 more carbohydrate and 30 more fat than needed. To deal with this epidemic, prevention should receive high priority and social measures such as taxing fast foods, subsidizing fresh food and vegetables, and spending more public money on projects to promote physical activity are necessary. There is also emerging evidence that treating obese subjects, particularly those with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes, has short-term effects on the prevention of diabetes; improves glucose, lipid, and blood pressure parameters; and is likely to have beneficial effects on long-term health outcomes