Suffixe adverbial -ka et constructions verbales intransitives imperfectives : une question d'affinité

This paper focuses on the Basque adverbial suffix -ka when it suffixes to verbal periphrasis. The suffix, whose principal meaning is ‘‘in a repeated way'', is present in all the Basque dialects but it appears more often in the North Pyrenean ones. In this context, it shows a strong preferance towards both intransitive and imperfective constructions. Basque is a dialectal variation language in which the grammatical category of the verb causes more dispersion than the other categories. The adverbial suffix -ka helps us to say more: a certain category of intransitive verbs causes more dialectal dispersion than the others. The adverbial is less the cause of such a phenomenon than a symptom showing where it develops.La présente note propose une brève approche du morphème adverbial -ka. L'étude s'appuie sur les données d'Euskalerriko atlas etnolinguistikoa (EAEL), atlas réalisé par la société scientifique Aranzadi (Saint-Sébastien) dans les années 1970-1980

Tester un calque grammatical grâce à la méthode de la covariation d'abstrat

International audienceThis paper proposes a method which allows, under certain conditions and within certain limits, to test a contact-induced grammatical change hypothesis. The method does not claim to prove such a change, but it gives a good presumption of it. The work restricts itself to today's state of language and only incidentally approaches the diachronic dimensionLa présente étude propose une méthode qui permet, à certaines conditions et dans certaines limites, de tester une hypothèse de calque grammatical. La méthode ne permet pas de donner une preuve de calque mais fournit un faisceau de présomptions, plus ou moins précises et concordantes, de calque. L'étude se limite à l'état de langue synchronique contemporain et n'aborde qu'accessoirement la dimension diachronique

Les dialectes basques : homogénéité ou dispersion ?

This paper proposes a quantitative approach and some brief comments on the ethnolinguistic atlas of the Basque Country carried out by the Aranzadi scientific society (San Sebastian), published in two parts in 1983 and 1990. Measuring lexical variation in a dialectal status language requires a criterion in order to count lexical items. This criterion is not self-evident to determine, particularly when we deal with an agglutinating language whose lexical productivity is a typical feature. We propose here a method for that, and an overall picture of the situation

Evolution of the business and management research in Chile

Copyright © 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Different aspects have enhanced the development of scientific research in business and management in Chile. The aim of this paper is to analyse the characterisation of this scientific evolution. The method used is a Bibliometric analysis. Our sample examines any paper published between 1991 and 2015 in the Web of Science (WoS) database in the area of business and management. The main results show that the publications have had a significant increase. Scientific productivity increase may be related, among other factors: to the efforts of the Chilean universities that reward and incentivise publications in WoS; the participation of academics in competitive grants (Fondecyt); and international accreditations that demand more productive universities in terms of research. The results of the study could be interesting for universities from developing countries wishing to generate policies to increase the productivity in the areas of business and management

Leaf:Fruit Ratio and Vine Water Status Effects on Grenache Noir (Vitis vinifera L.) Berry Composition: Water, Sugar, Organic Acids and Cations

Seasonal variation in the water, sugar, organic acid and cation contents of developing grape berries (Vitis viniferaL. ‘Grenache noir’) under different levels of water supply (with and without deficit irrigation) and leaf:fruit ratios(18, 10 and five leaves per primary shoot, with one bunch per shoot), were investigated over two successive years inMediterranean conditions (South of France). Fourteen shoots per vine were left for each leaf:fruit ratio level, andeach vine was considered as having homogeneous primary shoots. The growth rate of the berries was increased withirrigation. Total dry matter content of the berry was not affected by leaf:fruit ratios, but the sugar loading decreasedduring berry development with a lower leaf:fruit ratio (five leaves per bunch). Treatments had little effect on organicacid contents and pH. Berry cation accumulation depended on vine water status and not on the total leaf area ofthe vine. Under irrigated conditions, calcium continued to accumulate in the berries after véraison. This confirms apartial functioning of the berry xylem during the post-véraison period. The seasonal variation in berry compositionwas less dependent on the leaf:fruit ratio than on the water status of the vine (mainly cations and sugar). This studyprovides evidence for the importance of plant water status effects on berry composition, irrespective of the leaf:fruitratio. Vine water status is a major regulating factor for source-sink relationships

Influence of water status on mineral composition of berries in ‘Grenache Noir’ (Vitis vinifera L.)

The influence of vine water status on the seasonal changes of fresh weight, dry matter and the levels of potassium and calcium in grape-berries on field vines of 'Grenache Noir' (Vitis vinifera L.), was studied over a two-year period. Two levels of water status, irrigated and non-irrigated, were investigated using a single level of total leaf surface – each primary shoot was confined to ten leaves, one grape bunch, and the secondary shoots were removed as they appeared. The mineral element contents were determined separately in different fruit compartments, i.e. the skin, flesh and seeds. Potassium and calcium accumulate independently of one another, but their seasonal change in the fruit and their final quantities in the berry depend principally on plant water status. The accumulation of potassium parallels the change in fruit fresh weight; approximately 50 % of the final content was accumulated pre-veraison and loading continued during berry ripening. This report shows that a small quantity of calcium may accumulate throughout fruit ripening phases in situations where water supply is not a limiting factor. These results imply that fruit xylem is functioning partially during ripening. Moreover, in both water status situations, the quantity of calcium in the skin increases during ripening, which suggests apoplastic and/or symplastic migration in the berry.

La orientación emprendedora a nivel de la firma

El crecimiento económico de los países pasa por incentivar y desarrollar la creación de nuevas empresas, las que deben poseer ciertas capacidades para un mejor desempeño y generar ventajas competitivas. El propósito de esta publicación es estudiar las tendencias en las investigaciones en el ámbito del emprendimiento a nivel de la firma, analizar el constructo de orientación emprendedora (EO), las variables utilizadas con mayor frecuencia por los autores para su medición e identificar un instrumento adecuado para su operacionalización. Para lo anterior, se analizaron investigaciones publicadas en revistas de corriente principal entre los años 1995 y 2004, seleccionadas a través de una búsqueda de palabras claves. En este proceso se identificaron 274 investigaciones que fueron analizadas y categorizadas según el tipo de investigación y área de dominio. Por otra parte, se identificó el constructo de emprendimiento a nivel de la firma utilizado con mayor frecuencia, el que incorpora las variables de capacidad de innovar, enfrentar proactivamente los cambios y asumir riesgos. El principal aporte de esta investigación es presentar un instrumento de medición para este constructo, que ha sido utilizado y validado en investigaciones internacionales, y facilitar futuras investigaciones empíricas en Chile, y potencialmente en otros países de habla hispana.Countries' economic growth depends on fostering and developing new companies. For better performance, thosecompanies must have capabilities that enable them to generate competitive advantages. This paper aims to study the research tendencies on the firm's entrepreneurship, to analyze the entrepreneurship orientation (EO) construct and to find the authors' most used variables in measuring and identifying an appropriate operational instrument. With these objectives, papers in mainstream publications were reviewed for the period 1995-2004, chosen by keywords. In this process 274 papers were found, which were analyzed and categorized by research type and domain area. On the other hand, the most used entrepreneurship orientation (EO) construct was identified, considering the following variables: innovation capacities, proactivity to meet changes and willingness to assume risks. This research's main contribution is to present a measuring instrument for this construct, validated by several international investigations, and also facilitates future investigations in Chile and, possibly, in other Spanish speaking countries

L'emprunt lexical d'origine latino-romane en basque : une approche lexico-statistique

Basque has been in intense contact with the Latin and Romance languages throughout the last two thousand years. Those uninterrupted relationships have inevitably left marks on the lexicon, some evident, others veiled. This article proposes a lexicostatistical approach of Latin and Romance loanwords in Basque. Three types of corpuses are tested: fundamental lexicon, popular speech and literary writing. Even if the loanwords of Latin and Romance origin are dominant in the (theoretical) total lexicon, the native Basque words remain majority in all the samples of language tested here