Global justice between justification and feasibility.

Theories of Distributive Justice: Towards a Global Egalitarian Conception. The Basic Structure as Boundary? Justification: Public, Global and Egalitarian. The Feasibility Challenge to Global Egalitarianism

Global justice between justification and feasibility.

Theories of Distributive Justice: Towards a Global Egalitarian Conception. The Basic Structure as Boundary? Justification: Public, Global and Egalitarian. The Feasibility Challenge to Global Egalitarianism.Theories of Distributive Justice: Towards a Global Egalitarian Conception. The Basic Structure as Boundary? Justification: Public, Global and Egalitarian. The Feasibility Challenge to Global Egalitarianism.LUISS PhD Thesi

Women’s Bodies and Global Poverty Eradication

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Vitrifikacija mleča grgeča (perca fluviatilis)

Vitrifikacija je proces dovođenja vode ili rastvora u čvrsto stanje, odnosno u amorfno ili staklasto stanje koje može da se dostigne veoma brzom hlađenjem (106-1010 °C/s). Nedavno je objavljeno nekoliko istraživanja o vitrifikaciji mleča različitih vrsta riba, međutim nema dostupnih informacija o vitrifikaciji mleča grgeča (Perca fluviatilis). Mužjaci grgeča su uzorkovani 6 dana posle hormonske injekcije (250 IU kg-1 hCG). Evaluirana je pokretljivost spermatozoida pomoću sistema kompjuterske analize sperme CASA. Za process vitrifikacije mleč je razblažen modifikovanim Tanaka ekstenderom na finalni odnos 1:5 (sa krioprotektantima). Posle preliminarnih testova sa kombinacijom metanola i propilen glikola (PG) u različitim koncentracijama, odlučeno je da se koristi 15% metanola i 15 % PG (ukupno 30% krioprotektanata). Suspenzija mleča je ubačena direktno u tečni azot bez prethodnog hlađenja u njegovoj pari. Za sve eksperimente vitrifikacije za hlađenje su korišćene cevčice Cryotop (Kitazato-Dibimed, za 2 µl rastvora). Za fertilizacioni test su prikupljena jaja ženki grgeča. Vitrifikovane Cryotop cevčice otopljene su direktno u 10 µl rastvora za aktivaciju (50 mm NaCl) u petri šoljama koje su sadržale jaja. Svež mleč služio je za kontrolu. Oplođena jaja su inkubirana u plivajućem sistemu. Izvedena su 3 ogleda da bi se utvrdio odgovarajući broj cevčica Cryotop za svaku seriju jaja: 1, 6 i 18 cevčica Cryotop je isprobano za svaku seriju jajnih ćelija. U 2 µl rastvora mleča jedne Cryotop cevčice bilo je oko 0,33 µl mleča. Na osnovu stepena oplođenja u tri ogleda može se zaključiti da povećanje broja Cryotop cevčica pojačava stepen oplođenja. Dalja sitraživanja su neophodna da bi se razvio metod vitrifikacije sa većim preživljavanjem larvi posle oplođenja vitrifikovanim mlečom. Takođe je potrebno ispitati stepen izvaljenih embriona iz ogleda sa vitrifikovanim mlečom, kao i potencijalni uticaj vitrifikacije na larve, pre svega na deformitete i morfološke promene

Osobine sperme u toku skladištenja nakon krioprezervacije kod linjaka (Tinca Tinca l.): Značaj za akvakulturu

The aim of this study was to test the effects of various cryoprotectants on the motility of tench sperm, and also on the sperm features one hour after thawing. Two experimental groups were formed, each for different cryprotectants. Methanol was used in the first group, and DMSO in the second. Results displayed statisticaly significant differences in sperm motility between groups right after thawing. The test was continued only for the methanol group which showed satisfying progressive motility right after thawing. During the one hour post-thawing storage test, there were no significant differences in the progressive motility which indicated that the combination of methanol (10%) and Grayling extender presnt a favorable combination for cryopreservation and storage of tench sperm.Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj različitih krioprotektanta na pokretljivost spermatozoida linjaka nakon krioprezervacije, kao i na njihove osobine u toku jednog časa nakon odmrzavanja. Formirane su dve eksperimentalne grupe u zavisnosti od krioprotektanta. U prvoj grupi uzorak je pripreman sa metanolom, a u drugoj sa DMSO. Rezultati su pokazali da odmah nakon odmrzavanja postoji statistički značajna razlika u progrisvnom motilitetu testiranih grupa te je test skladištenja mogao biti nastavljen jedino sa uzorkom sa metanolom za koje su dobijene zadovoljavajuće vrednosti. U toku jednog časa skladištenja nije došlo do statistički značajne promene u pokretljivosti. Može se zaključiti da je kombinacija metanola (10%) i Grayling ekstendera veoma zadovoljavajuća za krioprezervaciju i skladištenje sperme linjaka

Procena kvaliteta i metode krioprezervacije sperme grgeča (perca fluviatilis) uzorkovane van sezone

Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a promising species among those that were recently introduced into European aquaculture. Out-of-season spawning is a remarkable factor in artificial propagation of every species. The production of Eurasian perch is mainly (Northern and Western Europe) maintained in recirculating systems where all year long production is a key factor in the satisfaction of current market demands (Migaud et al. 2002). Cryopreservation of sperm could be an efficient tool to reduce the costs of broodstock management and provide good quality gametes all year round (Cabrita et al. 2010). A broodstock of wild caught Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) males was established from October to November 2014. The 13 males (bodyweight: 39-137 g) were kept at the same water temperature in the range of 6-16°C (according to the hatchery temperature). Spermiation was hormonally stimulated using 500 IU-1 kg hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). Sperm was stripped 1 day and 6 days after injection according to the experimental design. Motility parameters of fresh and thawed sperm without injection (Wo), 1 day (1da) and 6 days (6da) after injection were measured using a CASA system. The total volume was estimated in all treated freshly stripped groups. Perch sperm was cryopreserved without injection, 1 day after and 6 days after injection according to our previously developed cryopreservation protocol. A controlled rate freezer with a cooling program (from 7.5 ºC to -160 ºC, cooling rate: 56 ºC/min) was used (Bernáth et al. 2015). The largest volume of sperm was stripped 6 days after injection (1611 ± 1428µl). Average sperm volume was significantly lower in Wo (58 ± 82µl) compared to 6da. Total volume of sperm at 1da did not differ significantly from the other groups (64 ± 49µl). Progressive motility of freshly stripped perch sperm was similar after hormonal stimulation (Wo: 79 ± 10%, 1da: 54 ± 26%, 6da: 75 ± 11%). The same tendency was observed in the case of curvilinear velocity (VCL) of spermatozoa (Wo: 149 ± 24 μm/s, 1da: 137 ± 23 μm/s, 6da: 145 ± 40 μm/s) and straightness (STR) of sperm movement (Wo: 76 ± 7%, 1da: 80 ± 1%, 6da: 80 ± 8%) in freshly stripped sperm.A similar progressive motility, VCL and STR was measured after thawing among cryopreserved groups. However, progressive motility was significantly reduced after cryopreservation in the group 6da (11 ± 7%) compare to fresh Wo and 6da (see above). Post-thaw motility did not decrease significantly in Wo (18 ± 8%) and 1da (14 ± 5%). A significant reduction was observed after thawing in VCL 6da (70 ± 11 μm/s) compared to all fresh groups. A significantly decreased VCL was recorded in Wo (88 ± 25 μm/s) after cryopreservation compared to fresh Wo and 6da. Post-thaw VCL in 1da (101 ± 15 μm/s) did not change in comparison to freshly stripped groups. STR was quite high after thawing in all cryopreserved groups (Wo: 90 ± 5%, 1da: 92 ± 2%, 6da: 88 ± 4%). A significant difference was observed between thawed 1da and fresh Wo. Hormonal stimulation was succesfully used in the out-of-season induction of spermiation in male Eurasian perch. Eurasian perch sperm can be cryopreserved out-of-season, as well. The work was supported by the projects EUREKA_HU_12-1-2012-0056, 8526-5/2014/TUDPOL of the Ministry of Human Resources of Hungary awarded to Szent István University and the GOP-1.1.1- 11.2012-0306.Od svih vrsta koje su introdukovane u evropsku akvakulturu, grgeč (Perca fluviatilis) najviše obećava. Mogučnost mrešćenja van sezone je jedan od najbitnijih faktora u veštačkom mrestu bilo koje vrste. Gajenje grgeča (u severnoj i zapadnoj Evropi) se uglavnom obavlja u recirkulacionim sistemima, gde je mogućnost proizvodnje u toku cele godine ključni faktor da bi se zadovoljile potrebe tržišta (Migaud et al. 2002). Krioprezervacija sperme je efikasan način smanjenja troškova koji nastaju držanjem matica i pruža dobar kvalitet gameta tokom cele kalendarske godine. (Cabrita et al. 2010). Matice grgeča (Perca fluviatilis) su izlovljavane u periodu od oktobra do novembra 2014. 13 mužjaka (težina: 39-137 g) su čuvani u vodi čija je temperatura iznosila 6-16°C. Ispuštanje sperme je indukovano hormonima, korišćenjem 500 IU-1 kg hCG (humanog horionskog gonadotropina). Sperma je sakupljena 1. i 6. dana nakon ubrizgavanja hormona. Parametri pokretljivosti spermatozoida sveže i odmrznute sperme bez ubrizgavanja hormona (Wo), nakon 1. (1da) i nakon 6. (6da) dana ubrizgavanja hormona su kvantifikovani CASA sistemom. Ukupna zapremina sperme nakon istiskanja je izmerena u svim tretmanima. Sperma grgeča bez i sa injektiranog hormona nakon 1. i 6. dana je prezervirana u skladu sa prethodno definisanim protokolima. Za prezervaciju je korišćen zamrzivač sa automatskim programom hlađenja (od 7.5 ºC do -160 ºC, stopa hlađenja: 56 ºC/min) (Bernáth et al. 2015). Sperma sa najvećom prosečnom zapreminom je istisnuta u 6da grupi riba (1611 ± 1428µl). Prosečna zapremina sperme je bila značajno niža u grupi Wo (58 ± 82µl) u odnosu na grupu 6da. Prosečna zapremina sperme u grupi 1da (64 ± 49µl) se nije statistički razlikovala od druge dve grupe. Progresivna pokretljivost spermatozoida u sveže istisnutoj spermi je bila slična pokretljivosti nakon hormonalne stimulacije (Wo: 79 ± 10%, 1da: 54 ± 26%, 6da: 75 ± 11%). Ista tendencija je zabeležena u slučaju brzine nepravilnog kretanja (VCL) spermatozoida (Wo: 149 ± 24 μm/s, 1da: 137 ± 23 μm/s, 6da: 145 ± 40 μm/s), kao i pravolinijskog kretanja (STR) spermatozoida (Wo: 76 ± 7%, 1da: 80 ± 1%, 6da: 80 ± 8%) u sveže istisnutoj spermi. Slične vrednosti progresivne pokretljivosti, VCL-a i STR-a su izmerene u krioprezerviranim uzorcima nakon odleđivanja sperme. Ipak, progresivna pokretljivost je značajno redukovana u grupi 6da nakon krioprezervacije (11 ± 7%) u poređenju sa sveže istisnutom spermom u grupama Wo i 6da. Pokretljivost u odleđenoj spermi nije značajno opala u grupama Wo (18 ± 8%) i 1da (14 ± 5%), dok je značajno smanjenje primećeno za parametar VCL u grupi 6da, nakon odleđivanja (70 ± 11 μm/s) u odnosu na sve grupe gde je sperma sveže isceđena. Značajno smanjenje u parametru VCL je primećeno u grupi Wo (88 ± 25 μm/s) nakon krioprezervacije u poređenju sa grupama Wo i 6da kada je sperma sveže istisnuta. Parametar VCL u grupi 1da nakon odleđivanja (101 ± 15 μm/s) se nije promenio u odnosu na sveže isceđene grupe. Vrednosti STR-a su bile jako visoke nakon odleđivanja u svim krioprezerviranim grupama (Wo: 90 ± 5%, 1da: 92 ± 2%, 6da: 88 ± 4%). Značajna razlika je primećena između grupe 1da, posle odleđivanja i sveže istisnute sperme grupe Wo. Ovi rezultati su pokazali da je hormonalna stimulacija uspešno sprovedena kod mužjaka grgeča u cilju indukovanja proizvodnje sperme van sezone parenja

Uspešnost sperme linjaka (Tinca Tinca L., 1758) nakon krioprezervacije u oplodnji i izleganju

Tench Tinca tinca (L., 1758) is a fish species with big potential in aquaculture and for which there is a great interest for improving rearing and reproduction techniques. The aim of this study was to test the efficiency of different cryoprotectants (methanol and DMSO) and extenders (Kurokura 180 and Grayling) during sperm cryopreservation on fertilization and hatching rates. Cryopreserved sperm had significantly lower fertilization and hatching success than control group. Samples cryopreserved with Grayling extender had higher fertilization and hatching success, independently of the cryoprotectant used, therefore pointing out the significance of use of sugar-based extenders in the cryopreservation of tench sperm.Linjak Tinca tinca (L., 1758) je vrsta ribe sa velikim potencijalom u akvakulturi i interes za unapređenjem tehnika za njeno gajenje rastu tokom proteklih decenija. Cilj ovog rada bio je testiranje uticaja različitih krioprotektanata (metanol i DMSO) i ekstendera (Kurokura 180 i Grayling) tokom krioprezervacije sperme na uspešnost oplodnje i izleganja kod linjaka. Sve eksperimentalne grupe su imale značajno niže vrednosti stepena oplodnje i izleganja od kontrole. Uzorci krioprezervirani sa Grayling ekstenderom su pokazali veću uspešnost oplodnje i izleganja bez obzira na korišćeni krioprotektant što ukazuje na značaj upotrebe ekstendera na šećernoj bazi u krioprezervaciji sperme ove vrste

Global Equality of Opportunity and Self-determination in the Context of Immigration

© 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. David Miller’s political philosophy of immigration employs two complementary argumentative strategies to challenge open border theories. The first strategy is to defeat the principled case for open borders, such as the global equality of opportunity argument for more lax immigration control. The second strategy is to establish the democratic community’s prima facie right to determine the shape of its future, including membership and the right to exclude. First, I argue that Miller’s conception of global equality of opportunity is overly narrow and that his objections to the principle, to the metric and to what counts as feasible political action misfire against other, more plausible, accounts. Second, I argue that his democratic interpretation of collective self-determination does not solve the pressing question concerning the morally justified scope and content of self-determination and the moral limits of the right to exclude. I conclude by questioning Miller’s general strategy: whether theories of immigration should be engaged in an exercise of shifting the burden of proof between open and closed borders. By contrast, I argue that a more desirable task for the political philosophy of immigration is to find ways in which the joint requirement of global equality of opportunity and collective self-determination can be coherently upheld.status: publishe

What is Wrong with the Emergency Justification of Compulsory Medical Service?

Michael Blake holds that liberal states are precluded from introducing compulsory medical service to improve access to health care under conditions of critical health worker shortage. "Emergency circumstances" are the only exception when the suspension of liberty may be justified. I argue that there are three problems with Blake's emergency justification of compulsory service. First, his concept of emergency is vague. Second, his account does not really rely on emergency as much as liberty. Third, his conception of permissible restrictions of liberty is too narrow. I argue that liberties may be limited to some degree, temporarily, for the sake of attaining the capacities necessary for the exercise of liberties and for safeguarding the social conditions of the right to health. I conclude that in poor societies, temporarily delaying emigration through a highly qualified compulsory medical service can sometimes be justified.status: publishe