Toxocariasis in Animals and The Risks in Human Being

Toxocariasis is usually caused by infection of Toxocara cati to cats, T. canis to dogs and T. vitulorum to cattle or buffaloes. The disease is not recognized and often underestimated by the owners or farmers. Toxocara is a pathogenic gastrointestinal worm and the larva could attack internal organs, cause diarrhea and kill the animals if the disease is not seriously handled . Some species of Toxocara is not only danger to the animals but it could also infect the human being . In human infected by with Toxocara, the larval can cause visceral larval migrans and resulting in symptom such as vomiting. Ocular larval migrans can also result from infection, which causes permanent eye damage in human. Prevention of toxocariasis could be done by avoiding contamination of the environment from eggs, coming from infected animals and also by treating with anthelmintic regularly. Key words: Toxocariasis, Toxocara cati. T. canis, T. vituloru

Asosiasi Konsorsium Bakteri Pseudomonas Pseudoalcaligenes dan Micrococus Luteus dengan Lamtoro (Leucaena Leucocephala (Lamk.) De Wit) dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Bioremediasi Minyak Bumi

Penelitian mengenai Asosiasi Konsorsium Bakteri Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes dan Micrococus luteus dengan Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de Wit) Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Bioremediasi Minyak Bumi telah dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2012 di area jurusan Biologi, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Jurusan Biologi dan Laboratorium Kimia Analisa Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sriwijaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kerja sama antara tanaman Leucaena leucocephala dengan konsorsium bakteri Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes dan Micrococus luteus dalam proses bioremediasi minyak bumi dengan menghitung penurunan nilai TPH, jumlah sel bakteri dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Dimana penanaman lamtoro dilakukan setelah 4 minggu inokulasi bakteri. Variabel yang diamati yaitu penurunan nilai TPH, jumlah populasi bakteri dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil yang didapat, menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan B3 (inokulasi bakteri Micrococus luteus dan Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes dan penanaman lamtoro) menghasilkan rata-rata jumlah sel bakteri tertinggi setiap minggunya, pertambahan berat basah tertinggi mencapai 9,67 ± 2,357 dan penurunan rata-rata nilai TPH tertinggi yaitu sebesar 2,85%. Sedangkan perlakuan yang terendah pada perhitungan rata-rata jumlah sel bakteri terdapat pada B0 (bioreaktor) dan pada pertambahan berat basah tanaman , B1 (lamtoro saja) memiliki nilai yang terendah yaitu 1,55%. Konsorsium bakteri Micrococus luteus dan Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes menunjukkan kerja sama yang baik dengan lamtoro dalam upaya meningkatkan bioremediasi minyak bumi

Bacterial Protein Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae by SDS-page Method for Subclinical Mastitis Irradiated Vaccine Materials in Dairy Cattle

A study have been conducted to isolate and characterize bacterial protein S. agalactiae, which is antigenic and can be used to test immunogenicity of vaccine in order to manufacture irradiated mastitis (inflammation of the udder) vaccine in ruminant. The study aims to determine the Molecular Weight (MW) bacterial protein S. agalactiae irradiation, which can be used to test the nature of its antigenic caharacteristic. The character of S. agalactiae antigenic stimulates antibody induction of the immune system, in which case is the body's defense system against mastitis disease in cattle. In this study, irradiation of gamma ray is used to attenuate the pathogenicity of bacteria by reducing S. agalactiae antigenic caharacteristic. Previous research, in irradiation dose orientation before antigenic protein isolation of S. agalactiae, indicated that irradiation lethal dose to 50% (LD50) is 17 Gy. The characterization of S. agalactiae bacteria isolate using SDS-page method results in no significance different between irradiated and non-irradiated group, which indicated by MW range 75 – 100 kDa base on marker standard which used, or 99 kDa by the linier equation of Y = 11,60 – 0.05X (where Y = bands distance; X = MW standard protein); r2 = 0.99. In conclusion, 17 Gy irradiation dose does not impair antigenic property of S. agalactiae and therefore, can be applied to produce base material of irradiated vaccine for mastitis. Received: 04 May 2012; Revised: 27 November 2012; Accepted: 27 August 201

Comparative studies of resistance on Indonesian Thin Tail (ITT) sheep, St. Croix, merino and the crossbreed of ITT and St. Croix, against the infection of Fasciola gigantica

resistance is heritable. In order to re-evaluate this evidence, 20 ITT sheep were infected with 350 metacercariae of F. gigantica and for comparison, 10 St. Croix sheep, 10 Merino sheep and 20 crossbred of ITT x St. Croix sheep were also infected with the same dose of metacercariae. The results showed that ITT sheep was highly resistant than the other breed, whereas St. Croix and Merino sheep were susceptible. 60% of the crossbred were as resistant as ITT sheep and the other 40% were as susceptible as the St. Croix sheep. Thus, it is proposed that there might be a hereditary resistance factor such as a dominant gene which inducing the mechanism of resistance in ITT sheep, and there is some indication that IgG2 might act as a blocking antibody that interferes the mechanism of resistance.   Key words : ITT sheep, Fasciola gigantica, genetic resistance, dominant gen

Animal Health and Productivity Status of Cattle After The Eruption of Mount Merapi

The eruption of Merapi from October 26th to November 6th, 2010 has affected social life and environment around the Merapi. The eruption has caused destruction of land and water resources, plants, death of animals and human casualities. The lava, dust and stones released from the eruption of Merapi had caused residential destruction, casualities, agricultural land and plants destruction, and contamination of water. The eruption has directly affected 4 districts including Sleman (Yogyakarta), Magelang, Boyolali and Klaten (Central Java) categorized as Disaster Risk Area (DRA). The purpose of this assessment is to analyse the impacts of Merapi eruption in animal health and productivity in particular for dairy and beef cattle. A total of 2.828 heads of cattle was reported died during the eruption of Merapi, and 1.962 heads died at the time of eruption and 36 heads at the arrival on evacuation areas. Animal that found died including 423 heads of beef cattle (0.13%) and 2.405 heads of dairy cattle (3.2%). Clinical sains noted after the eruption were reduction of milk production, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, respiratory disturbances, mastitis and collapse. The main problems for livestock were reduction of milk production, collapse of dairy milk corporation activities and contamination of water resources. Other than dairy cattle mortality, the reduction of milk production may be caused by subclinical mastitis and environmental distress due to temperature and noise of eruption for few days. The subclinical mastitis should be further investigated to establish rehabilitation programme for dairy milk agribussiness activity in particular around the DRA of Merapi. Key words: Health, productivity, cattle, disaster, Merap

The Pathological Chabges of Male Goat Infected by Haemonclus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803)

Pathological aspects of abomasum, intestine, liver, spleen, heart , bone marrow and lymphnode caused by H. contortus were examined. Twelve bucks. six to eight month of ages were divided into 4 groups. which were infected by 0 (DO). 200 (D200). 400 (D400). and 600 (D600) h r d stage larvae of H. contortus. Larvae was administered orally 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Patological aspects including macro and microscopic findings were studied for enteritis, abomasitis, extramedullary haemopoietic centre forming, germinal centre activity of spleen and lymphnode and activity of bone marrow

Comparison between antibody-elisa test and fecal egg count for detecting Fasciola gigantica infection in cattle

The comparison between antibody-ELISA test and fecal egg count for detection of natural infection of Fasciola gigantica in cattle was observed. One hundred and fifty samples of blood, feces and livers were collected from cattle slaughtered in the abattoir in Jakarta. Serum was collected from the blood samples and the level of antibody was determined by using antibody- ELISA test. The fecal samples were processed by using sedimentation technique in order to detect the present of F. Gigantica eggs. The livers were processed for liver flukes count. The result showed that from the liver examination, 38.7% cattle were negative flukes, 16% had 1-10 flukes, 34% cattle had 11-100 flukes and 11.3% cattle had more than 100 flukes. About 44.7% infected cattle had less than 100 eggs of F. gigantica per gram feces, however no eggs of F. gigantica were found in 13% infected cattle. The result of antibody-ELISA test showed that from 92 cattle infected with F. gigantica, 84 cattle had OD 0.38 (range from 0.38-1.77) and 8 cattle had OD 0.38 (range from 0.18-0.37). In contrast, from 58 cattle without flukes, 7 cattle had OD 0.38 (range from 0.38-1.95) and 51 cattle with the OD 0.38 (range from 0.1-0.33). The sensitivity of the fecal examination technique was 87% and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity for antibody-ELISA test were 91 and 88% respectively.   Key words: Antibody-ELISA, Fasciola gigantica, feces, live

Bacterial Protein Characterization of Streptococcus Agalactiae by SDS-page Method for Subclinical Mastitis Irradiated Vaccine Materials in Dairy Cattle

A study have been conducted to isolate and characterize bacterial protein S. agalactiae, which is antigenic and can be used to test immunogenicity of vaccine in order to manufacture irradiated mastitis (inflammation of the udder) vaccine in ruminant. The study aims to determine the Molecular Weight (MW) bacterial protein S. agalactiae irradiation, which can be used to test the nature of its antigenic caharacteristic. The character of S. agalactiae antigenic stimulates antibody induction of the immune system, in which case is the body\u27s defense system against mastitis disease in cattle. In this study, irradiation of gamma ray is used to attenuate the pathogenicity of bacteria by reducing S. agalactiae antigenic caharacteristic. Previous research, in irradiation dose orientation before antigenic protein isolation of S. agalactiae, indicated that irradiation lethal dose to 50% (LD50) is 17 Gy. The characterization of S. agalactiae bacteria isolate using SDS-page method results in no significance different between irradiated and non-irradiated group, which indicated by MW range 75 – 100 kDa base on marker standard which used, or 99 kDa by the linier equation of Y = 11,60 – 0.05X (where Y = bands distance; X = MW standard protein); r2 = 0.99. In conclusion, 17 Gy irradiation dose does not impair antigenic property of S. agalactiae and therefore, can be applied to produce base material of irradiated vaccine for mastitis. Received: 04 May 2012; Revised: 27 November 2012; Accepted: 27 August 201