Conocimientos tácito y explícito: análisis comparativo de la priorización de problemas de salud materna en México

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar coincidencias y diferencias en la identificación y la priorización de problemas de los servicios de salud materna en México, desde las perspectivas del conocimiento tácito y el conocimiento explícito, que ofrezcan evidencias que contribuyan a alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Método: Estudio mixto, realizado en tres etapas: 1) sistematización de problemas de los servicios de atención a la salud materna identificados por el conocimiento tácito (derivado de la experiencia profesional); 2) identificación de problemas de los servicios de atención a la salud materna en América Latina abordados por el conocimiento explícito (publicaciones científicas); 3) comparación de problemas identificados por los conocimientos tácito y explícito. Resultados: Los principales problemas identificados según el conocimiento tácito están vinculados con la mala calidad de la atención, mientras que aquellos mayormente abordados por el conocimiento explícito se refieren a barreras de acceso a la atención en los servicios de salud. Aproximadamente el 70% de los problemas identificados en el conocimiento tácito son señalados en el conocimiento explícito. Paralelamente, el 70% de los problemas identificados en la literatura también son considerados por el conocimiento tácito. No obstante, al comparar los problemas uno a uno no se encuentran similitudes estadísticamente significativas entre ambos enfoques. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró que la identificación de problemas en los servicios de atención a la salud materna por el conocimiento tácito y por el conocimiento explícito es medianamente comparable, según el índice de comparabilidad utilizado, y subraya el interés de integrar ambos abordajes a fin de mejorar la priorización y la toma de decisiones hacia los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Abstract: Objective: To identify coincidences and differences in the identification and prioritization of maternal healthcare service problems in Mexico based on the perspective of tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge that may offer evidence that can contribute to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals. Methods: Mixed study performed in three stages: 1) systematization of maternal healthcare service problems identified by tacit knowledge (derived from professional experience); 2) identification of maternal healthcare service problems in Latin America addressed by explicit knowledge (scientific publications); 3) comparison between the problems identified by tacit and explicit knowledge. Results: The main problems of maternal health services identified by tacit knowledge are related to poor quality of care, while the predominant problems studied in the scientific literature are related to access barriers to health services. Approximately, 70% of the problems identified by tacit knowledge are also mentioned in the explicit knowledge. Conversely, 70% of the problems identified in the literature are also considered by tacit knowledge. Nevertheless, when looking at the problems taken one by one, no statistically significant similarities were found. Conclusions: The study discovered that the identification of maternal health service problems by tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge is fairly comparable, according to the comparability index used in the study, and highlights the interest of integrating both approaches in order to improve prioritization and decision making towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Palabras clave: Servicios de salud, Salud materna, Conocimiento tácito, Conocimiento científico, Conocimiento explícito, Keywords: Maternal health services, Maternal health, Tacit knowledge, Scientific knowledge, Explicit knowledg

Indicators for monitoring maternal and neonatal quality care: a systematic review

Abstract Background Research and different organizations have proposed indicators to monitor the quality of maternal and child healthcare, such indicators are used for different purposes. Objective To perform a systematic review of indicators for the central phases of the maternal and child healthcare continuum of care (pregnancy, childbirth, newborn care and postpartum). Method A search conducted using international repositories, national and international indicator sets, scientific articles published between 2012 and 2016, and grey literature. The eligibility criteria was documents in Spanish or English with indicators to monitor aspects of the continuum of care phases of interest. The identified indicators were characterized as follows: formula, justification, evidence level, pilot study, indicator type, phase of the continuum, intended organizational level of application, level of care, and income level of the countries. Selection was based on the characteristics associated with scientific soundness (formula, evidence level, and reliability). Results We identified 1791 indicators. Three hundred forty-six were duplicated, which resulted in 1445 indicators for analysis. Only 6.7% indicators exhibited all requirements for scientific soundness. The distribution by the classifying variables is clearly uneven, with a predominance of indicators for childbirth, hospital care and facility level. Conclusions There is a broad choice of indicators for maternal and child healthcare. However, most indicators lack demonstrated scientific soundness and refer to particular continuum phases and levels within the healthcare system. Additional efforts are needed to identify good indicators for a comprehensive maternal and child healthcare monitoring system