Integración sociolaboral de personas en situación de drogodependencia

La drogodependencia, conocida como el consumo frecuente de sustancias adictivas presenta una gran relación con la falta de recursos para un eficaz desarrollo en los ámbitos social y laboral de las personas consumidoras. Se pretende por lo tanto trabajar este problema a través de una propuesta de integración sociolaboral. Esta propuesta se caracteriza por ser personalizada y multidimensional, por contener información explícita de cómo se debe realizar y por poder realizarse desde incluso una fase inicial del tratamiento. Se realizarán un total de 21 sesiones, en las primeras se trabajará la toma de conciencia del problema y el establecimiento de carencias, en las siguientes se trabajarán los distintos ámbitos que conforman la intervención, estos son la higiene, la vivienda, las habilidades sociales, la familia, las competencias laborales y el empleo. También se contará con una evaluación que permitirá obtener información acerca de la eficacia de la intervención

Effectiveness of a complex intervention in reducing the prevalence of smoking among adolescents: study design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The likelihood of an adolescent taking up smoking may be influenced by his or her society, school and family. Thus, changes in the immediate environment may alter a young person’s perception of smoking. METHODS/DESIGN: The proposed multi-center, cluster-randomized controlled trial will be stratified by the baseline prevalence of smoking in schools. Municipalities with fewer than 100,000 inhabitants will be randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. One secondary school will be randomly selected from each municipality. These schools will be randomized to two groups: the students of one will receive any existing educational course regarding smoking, while those of the other school will receive a four-year, class-based curriculum intervention (22 classroom lessons) aimed at reinforcing a smoke-free school policy and encouraging smoking cessation in parents, pupils, and teachers. The intervention will also include annual meetings with parents and efforts to empower adolescents to change the smoking-related attitudes and behaviors in their homes, classrooms and communities. We will enroll children aged 12-13 years as they enter secondary school during two consecutive school years (to obtain sufficient enrolled subjects). We will follow them for five years, until two years after they leave secondary school. All external evaluators and analysts will be blinded to school allocation. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of a complex intervention in reducing the prevalence of smoking in the third year of compulsory secondary education (ESO) and two years after secondary school, when the participants are 14-15 and 17-18 years old, respectively. DISCUSSION: Most interventions aimed at preventing smoking among adolescents yield little to no positive long-term effects. This clinical trial will analyze the effectiveness of a complex intervention aimed at reducing the incidence and prevalence of smoking in this vulnerable age group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials: NCT01602796

The associations of personality traits and parental education with smoking behaviour among adolescents

We examined whether personality traits and parental education are associated with smoking initiation in a sample of Spanish secondary school students. Participants, taken from the ITACA study (842 adolescents aged 14-15 years), completed a questionnaire assessing personality traits of the Five Factor Model, smoking behaviours and parental education. Multinomial logistic regression models controlling for age and sex were used to determine the independent associations and interactions of personality traits and parental education with risk of ever trying smoking, as well as with being a regular smoker in adolescence. Higher conscientiousness was related to a lower chance of trying smoking at least once (OR = 0.57, 95% CIs = 0.46, 0.71) as well as being a regular smoker (OR = 0.39, 95% CIs = 0.27, 0.55). Higher emotional instability (neuroticism) was associated with higher risk of being in either smoking category (OR = 1.33, 95% CIs = 1.10, 1.60 and OR = 1.76, 95% CIs = 1.31, 2.35, respectively). Higher extraversion was also associated with a higher risk of both types of smoking behaviour (OR = 1.38, 95% CIs = 1.12, 1.70 and OR = 2.43 (1.67, 3.55, respectively). Higher parental education was significantly related to lower risk of being a regular smoker (OR = 0.70, 95% CIs = 0.54, 0.89), but not with trying smoking in the past. Finally, we found no evidence of the interactions between adolescents' personality and parental education in predicting adolescent smoking behaviours. We conclude that personality factors and parental education are important and independent factors associated with smoking behaviour in adolescents

Principales dificultades de las personas sin hogar en el acceso a los recursos sociales de la ciudad de Zaragoza. Dando la palabra a los usuarios.

En Zaragoza en 2018 había 120 personas en situación de sin hogar, una situación que con el paso del tiempo se ha visto reducida, pero que se agravó de manera considerable con la crisis económica de 2008, la cual dejó sin empleo a una parte de la población. A pesar de ser un colectivo visible día a día en las calles, es un colectivo que no tiene voz. Por ello se ha buscado darles voz desde este trabajo para que cuenten su situación y a través de ello realizar unas propuestas de cambio al sistema, usando como información su propia perspectiva y experiencia. Para solventar esta problemática está en marcha un Plan Integral para las personas sin hogar en Zaragoza, así como a nivel nacional e internacional, que cuenta con diferentes recursos provenientes por la administración pública y por ONGs. El papel que desempeña el trabajador social con este colectivo es imprescindible, proporcionándoles acompañamiento y ayuda durante todo el proceso de intervención.<br /

Principales dificultades de las personas sin hogar en el acceso a los recursos sociales de la ciudad de Zaragoza. Dando la palabra a los usuarios.

En Zaragoza en 2018 había 120 personas en situación de sin hogar, una situación que con el paso del tiempo se ha visto reducida, pero que se agravó de manera considerable con la crisis económica de 2008, la cual dejó sin empleo a una parte de la población. A pesar de ser un colectivo visible día a día en las calles, es un colectivo que no tiene voz. Por ello se ha buscado darles voz desde este trabajo para que cuenten su situación y a través de ello realizar unas propuestas de cambio al sistema, usando como información su propia perspectiva y experiencia. Para solventar esta problemática está en marcha un Plan Integral para las personas sin hogar en Zaragoza, así como a nivel nacional e internacional, que cuenta con diferentes recursos provenientes por la administración pública y por ONGs. El papel que desempeña el trabajador social con este colectivo es imprescindible, proporcionándoles acompañamiento y ayuda durante todo el proceso de intervención.<br /

Principales dificultades de las personas sin hogar en el acceso a los recursos sociales de la ciudad de Zaragoza. Dando la palabra a los usuarios.

En Zaragoza en 2018 había 120 personas en situación de sin hogar, una situación que con el paso del tiempo se ha visto reducida, pero que se agravó de manera considerable con la crisis económica de 2008, la cual dejó sin empleo a una parte de la población. A pesar de ser un colectivo visible día a día en las calles, es un colectivo que no tiene voz. Por ello se ha buscado darles voz desde este trabajo para que cuenten su situación y a través de ello realizar unas propuestas de cambio al sistema, usando como información su propia perspectiva y experiencia. Para solventar esta problemática está en marcha un Plan Integral para las personas sin hogar en Zaragoza, así como a nivel nacional e internacional, que cuenta con diferentes recursos provenientes por la administración pública y por ONGs. El papel que desempeña el trabajador social con este colectivo es imprescindible, proporcionándoles acompañamiento y ayuda durante todo el proceso de intervención.<br /

Passive smoking at home is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia in older adults: a population-based case-control study

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether passive smoking exposure at home is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. SETTING: A population-based case-control study was designed in a Mediterranean area with 860 000 inhabitants >14 years of age. PARTICIPANTS: 1003 participants who had never smoked were recruited. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk factors for CAP, including home exposure to passive smoking, were registered. All new cases of CAP in a well-defined population were consecutively recruited during a 12-month period. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was designed to assess risk factors for CAP, including home exposure to passive smoking. All new cases of CAP in a well-defined population were consecutively recruited during a 12-month period. The subgroup of never smokers was selected for the present analysis. RESULTS: The study sample included 471 patients with CAP and 532 controls who had never smoked. The annual incidence of CAP was estimated to be 1.14 cases×10(-3) inhabitants in passive smokers and 0.90×10(-3) in non-passive smokers (risk ratio (RR) 1.26; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.55) in the whole sample. In participants ≥65 years of age, this incidence was 2.50×10(-3) in passive smokers and 1.69×10(-3) in non-passive smokers (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.03). In this last age group, the percentage of passive smokers in cases and controls was 26% and 18.1%, respectively (p=0.039), with a crude OR of 1.59 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.38) and an adjusted (by age and sex) OR of 1.56 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.45). CONCLUSIONS: Passive smoking at home is a risk factor for CAP in older adults (65 years or more)

Relationship between the use of inhaled steroids for chronic respiratory diseases and early outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia.

Background The role of inhaled steroids in patients with chronic respiratory diseases is a matter of debate due to the potential effect on the development and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We assessed whether treatment with inhaled steroids in patients with chronic bronchitis, COPD or asthma and CAP may affect early outcome of the acute pneumonic episode. Methods Over 1-year period, all population-based cases of CAP in patients with chronic bronchitis, COPD or asthma were registered. Use of inhaled steroids were registered and patients were followed up to 30 days after diagnosis to assess severity of CAP and clinical course (hospital admission, ICU admission and mortality). Results Of 473 patients who fulfilled the selection criteria, inhaled steroids were regularly used by 109 (23%). In the overall sample, inhaled steroids were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization (OR=1.96, p = 0.002) in the bivariate analysis, but this effect disappeared after adjusting by other severity-related factors (adjusted OR=1.08, p=0.787). This effect on hospitalization also disappeared when considering only patients with asthma (OR=1.38, p=0.542), with COPD alone (OR=4.68, p=0.194), but a protective effect was observed in CB patients (OR=0.15, p=0.027). Inhaled steroids showed no association with ICU admission, days to clinical recovery and mortality in the overall sample and in any disease subgroup. Conclusions Treatment with inhaled steroids is not a prognostic factor in COPD and asthmatic patients with CAP, but could prevent hospitalization for CAP in patients with clinical criteria of chronic bronchitis

Dades sobre la vegetació d’Andorra

Aquest document recull inventaris de vegetació inèdits realitzats al Principat d’Andorra en el marc de diversos projectes de cartografia, inventariació i avaluació de la flora i la vegetació. Es presenten en forma de text, i també en un arxiu cartogràfic que conté la localització dels inventaris i una taula d’atributs associada

Servicio de Atención Psicológica en el Hospital Marina Baixa (SAPMB) durante la Pandemia Covid-19

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar la puesta en marcha del Servicio de Atención Psicológica en el Hospital Marina Baixa durante la pandemia COVID-19 (Villajoyosa, Alicante), así como detallar la intervención realizada con diferentes tipos de afectados. El servicio se crea fundamentado en el papel clave de la prevención primaria, resaltando el cuidado emocional de las personas y ofreciendo intervención en crisis. Se propusieron objetivos como prestar apoyo psicológico al personal interviniente en primera línea, a personas ingresadas afectadas por el virus y a sus familiares. Con el personal sanitario se llevaron a cabo intervenciones grupales de regulación emocional basadas en Mindfulness e intervenciones telefónicas/presenciales con aquellos que lo requirieron. Respecto a los pacientes, la intervención consistió en asistencia psicológica de manera presencial y telefónica a pacientes positivos ingresados y los familiares de éstos. Se registraron el número de usuarios atendidos en las diferentes formas de intervención, que se tuvo que ir adaptando a las necesidades detectadas en la población atendida y a la evolución de la pandemia. Los resultados muestran como, mediante la creación de este servicio, se cumplieron los objetivos marcadosThis paper develops the start-up of the Psychological Care Service at the Marina Baixa Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic (Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain), as well as detailing intervention carried out with different types of affected people. The implementation of the service is based on the key role of primary prevention, highlighting the emotional care of people, and offering intervention in crisis. Objectives were proposed such as providing psychological support to first-line personnel, as well as hospitalized persons affected by the virus and their families. Emotional regulation interventions based on Mindfulness and telephone or face to face intervention were carried out with healthcare personnel, as well as telephone and face to face intervention, in some cases that required it, of patient admitted to both ward and intensive care unit. Number of users served in different intervention formats was recorded, which had to be adapted to needs detected in population served and to pandemic evolution. Results show that by creating this service objectives set were met