Análisis cualitativo de riesgos en proyectos de vivienda unifamiliar

Trabajo de investigaciónEl siguiente documento muestra un análisis de los riesgos que se evidencian en los proyectos de vivienda unifamiliar, este se enfoca especialmente en este tipo de proyectos ya que por pequeños que estos sean, están expuestos a diferentes factores de riesgo, los cuales pueden generar que los objetivos de los mismos no se cumplan. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis cualitativo de los riesgos en cada una de las fases de los proyectos de vivienda, en donde se clasifican y se califican de acuerdo a su probabilidad e impacto en un rango determinado, todo esto basado bajo los parámetros del PMBOK 5 Edición, luego se genera un plan de respuesta para cada uno, esto con el fin de brindar un archivo de información específica para este tipo de proyectos.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. CAMPO ESTRATÉGICO 2. LINEA DE INVESTIGACION 3. FORMULACIÓN Y JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 4. OBJETIVOS 5. MARCO TEÓRICO 6. METODOLOGÍA 7. DESARROLLO CONCLUSIONES REFERENCIASEspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de Obras Civile

El síndrome metabólico y su prevalencia en la población que acude a una farmacia comunitaria de Sevilla

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS La prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y su repercusión cardiovascular requiere de medidas dirigidas a su prevención y control. El farmacéutico comunitario, como sanitario más próximo a la población, juega un papel fundamental en el manejo de uno de los factores más determinantes en su desarrollo: el estilo de vida. El objetivo es estimar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en la población que acude a las farmacias de Sevilla e identificar sus factores asociados.MÉTODOS Estudio transversal con 69 pacientes reclutados desde enero a agosto de 2008. La presencia de síndrome metabólico se determinó usando los criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes.RESULTADOS La prevalencia hallada es del 33,3%. El componente más frecuente es la obesidad (53,6%), seguida por hipertensión (44,9%), hiperglucemia (40,6%), hipertrigliceridemia (34,8%) e hipocolesterolemia HDL (24,6%). El sedentarismo (p=0,002), el elevado consumo de café (p=0,036) y carnes rojas y embutidos (p=0,004), unida a la baja ingesta de pescado (p<0,001), frutas y verduras (p<0,001) y productos lácteos (p=0,027) se han identificado como factores de riesgo para su desarrollo.CONCLUSIONES La prevalencia hallada es de las más altas encontradas en España. Es necesario incidir en la adopción de hábitos de vida saludable que disminuyan su repercusión sanitaria. El farmacéutico comunitario debe aprovechar su posición estratégica para educar a la población de riesgo

Results from the INMUNOSUN-SOGUG trial: a prospective phase II study of sunitinib as a second-line therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma after immune checkpoint-based combination therapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Metastatic renal carcinoma; Second-line treatmentInhibidors del punt de control immunitari; Carcinoma renal metastàtic; Tractament de segona líniaInhibidores del punto de control inmunitario; Carcinoma renal metastásico; Tratamiento de segunda líneaBackground: The INMUNOSUN trial had the objective of prospectively evaluating the efficacy and safety of sunitinib as a pure second-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who have progressed to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies. Patients and methods: A multicenter, phase II, single-arm, open-label study was carried out in patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of mRCC with a clear-cell component who had progressed to a first-line regimen of ICI-based therapies. All patients received sunitinib 50 mg once daily orally for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week rest period following package insert instructions. The primary outcome was the objective response rate. Results: Twenty-one assessable patients were included in the efficacy and safety analyses. Four patients [19.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3% to 35.8%] showed an objective response (OR), and all of them had partial responses. Additionally, 14 (67%) patients showed a stable response, leading to clinical benefit in 18 patients (85.7%, 95% CI 70.7% to 100%). Among the four assessable patients who showed an OR, the median duration of the response was 7.1 months (interquartile range 4.2-12.0 months). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.6 months (95% CI 3.1-8.0 months). The median overall survival (OS) was 23.5 months (95% CI 6.3-40.7 months). Patients who had better antitumor response to first-line ICI-based treatment showed a longer PFS and OS with sunitinib. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events were diarrhea (n = 11, 52%), dysgeusia (n = 8, 38%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (n = 8, 38%), and hypertension (n = 8, 38%). There was 1 patient who exhibited grade 5 pancytopenia, and 11 patients experienced grade 3 adverse events. Eight (38%) patients had serious adverse events, four of which were considered to be related to sunitinib. Conclusion: Although the INMUNOSUN trial did not reach the pre-specified endpoint, it demonstrated that sunitinib is active and can be safely used as a second-line option in patients with mRCC who progress to new standard ICI-based regimens.This work was supported by Pfizer, S.L.U. (Madrid, Spain). Pfizer, S.L.U. provided an unrestricted research grant with drug funding and drug supply to conduct the study (no grant number)

Financial Technology: Review of Trends, Approaches and Management

Technological innovation and digitization have posed a challenge to the financial sector globally. Fintech is the term used to designate the application of new technologies to financial services. The aim of the study is to analyse this research subject worldwide during the period 1975–2019. To this end, bibliometric techniques were applied to 2012 articles, obtaining findings of the productivity of scientific research, of the main thematic axes and their evolution. Scientific activity increased, mainly in the past decade, with 45% of publications. The main thematic areas were Business, Management and Accounting, Engineering, Social Sciences and Computer Science. Seven research lines were identified, aimed at analysing the aspects financial, economic, technology transfer, investment, innovation, partnerships and institutions and commercial. Future research lines should develop analyses on banking, financial services trade, territorial development, legal, management, research methodologies and the sustainability of financial technologies. It was verified that there is a growing and dynamic interest in scientific activity on financial technologies at an international level. The findings obtained are a complement to the knowledge of financial technologies and allow the relationship between science and technology to be established, and to inform the decision-making process

Socioeconomic Effects in Cyberbullying: Global Research Trends in the Educational Context

Nowadays, cyberbullying has become a problem of social harassment in numerous educational centres worldwide. New communication technologies have provided the perfect support for the development of this type of harassment in peer relationships, in addition to being linked to broad social and economic circumstances. In this study, the global trends of the socioeconomic implications of cyberbullying in the educational context have been analysed, from 2004 to 2019. Thus, a bibliometric analysis has been applied to 1128 articles, obtaining results of the evolution of scientific activity in this period. The articles are mainly associated with the thematic areas of Social Sciences, Psychology, Medicine and Computer Science. Seven main thematic axes have been detected, highlighting those related to the psychological aspect, adolescence, and the school environment. Likewise, the link of the main authors, institutions, and countries to these lines of research has been detected. The evidence has shown the interest and relevance of this topic at the international level. Future research lines propose different analyses about how certain socioeconomic factors influence this psychological harassment inside and outside the classroom

IoT Technology Applications-Based Smart Cities: Research Analysis

The development of technologies enables the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in urban environments, creating smart cities. Hence, the optimal management of data generated in the interconnection of electronic sensors in real time improves the quality of life. The objective of this study is to analyze global research on smart cities based on IoT technology applications. For this, bibliometric techniques were applied to 1232 documents on this topic, corresponding to the period 2011–2019, to obtain findings on scientific activity and the main thematic areas. Scientific production has increased annually, so that the last triennium has accumulated 83.23% of the publications. The most outstanding thematic areas were Computer Science and Engineering. Seven lines have been identified in the development of research on smart cities based on IoT applications. In addition, the study has detected seven new future research directions. The growing trend at the global level of scientific production shows the interest in developing aspects of smart cities based on IoT applications. This study contributes to the academic, scientific, and institutional discussion to improve decision making based on the available information

Remote Sensing Applied in Forest Management to Optimize Ecosystem Services: Advances in Research

Research Highlights: the wide variety of multispectral sensors that currently exist make it possible to improve the study of forest systems and ecosystem services. Background and Objectives: this study aims to analyze the current usefulness of remote sensing in forest management and ecosystem services sciences, and to identify future lines of research on these issues worldwide during the period 1976–2019. Materials and Methods: a bibliometric technique is applied to 2066 articles published between 1976 and 2019 on these topics to find findings on scientific production and key subject areas. Results: scientific production has increased annually, so that in the last five years, 50.34% of all articles have been published. The thematic areas in which more articles were linked were environmental science, agricultural, and biological sciences, and earth and planetary sciences. Seven lines of research have been identified that generate contributions on this topic. In addition, the analysis of the relevance of the keywords has detected the ten main future directions of research. The growing worldwide trend of scientific production shows interest in developing aspects of this field of study. Conclusions: this study contributes to the academic, scientific, and institutional discussion to improve decision-making, and proposes new scenarios and uses of this technology to improve the administration and management of forest resources

School of Sciences embraces programming (Exactas Programa): reaching every corner of Science

Las herramientas computacionales juegan un rol cada vez mas importante en casi todas las disciplinas cientificas y tecnologicas, asi como el sector gubernamental y la industria. El saber programar, por otro lado, no ha sido formalmente incorporado como conocimiento requerido para los graduados de las distintas instituciones educativas, tales como laFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (o simplemente Exactas como la llamamos) de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Argentina. Esta fuerte contradiccion podria llevarnos a que los futuros cientificos tengan una pobre preparacion en terminos de las herramientas computacionales que deberian utilizar en sus tareas diarias. Para solucionar este complejo escenario, es necesario incorporar el potencial que ofrece la Computacion en las diferentes carreras. Saber como escribir un programa para resolver un problema es mucho que aprender a programar, es una aproximacion activa que ayuda a los estudiantes a organizar su razonamiento logico en forma de pasos claros y concisos.Ayuda a consolidar el entendimiento del problema en si, mas alla de la disciplina de que se trate. Nuestro objetivo al crear Exactas Programa es proveer los elementosesenciales de programacion, sin introducir una asignatura completa en su plan de estudios ya exigente, buscando que los estudiantes puedan incorporar a la computadora como una herramienta practica que los asista en la resolucion de problemas.Con este objetivo en mente, hemos formado un equipo de trabajo conformado por profesores, auxiliares, estudiantes de doctorado de diferentes disciplinas para asegurar una mirada interdisciplinaria que combine diferentes motivaciones para el uso de la computadora para presentar desafios transversales a las distintas disciplinas. El resultado, ExactasPrograma, no es un curso de programacion, es un taller de resolucion de problemas en el que la computadora tiene el rol principal.En este trabajo, compartimos la estructura del curso, los detalles de las actividades incluidas y algunas lecciones que aprendimos luego de haber dictado el taller en cinco oportunidades.Computational tools play an increasingly central role in almost all scientific and technological disciplines, as well as throughout both Government and Industry sectors. Programming skills, on the contrary, have not been formally incorporated as required knowledge for graduates of educational institutions, such as the School of Sciences (or simply Exactas as we call it in Spanish) of the Universidad de Buenos Aires in Argentina. This sharp contradiction could lead to the poor preparation of future scientists in terms of the necessary use of computational tools in their daily activities. To address this skill gap, it is necessary to incorporate the great potential of computing into the different curricula. Knowing how to write a program to solve a problem is far more than learning to write a piece of code; it is an active learning approach that helps students organize the logical reasoning steps and fosters a solid understanding of the subject matter, regardless of the discipline. Our objective in creating Exactas Programs was to provide the essential elements of programming- without introducing another stumbling block in their already challenging degree programs- so that students of any major can incorporate the computer as a practical problem solving tool. With this objective in mind, we formed a working group of professors, teaching assistants, and doctoral students of different scientific backgrounds to ensure a multidisciplinary initiative that combines different motivations and contexts for the use of the computer in addressing challenges that traverse all majors. The result, Exactas Programs, is not a programming course; it is a short problem-solving workshop in which the computer is the central tool. In this work, we share our proposal’s structure, the details of some of the activities that comprise it, and the lessons learned after five editions of the workshop.Fil: López y Rosenfeld, Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Mocskos, Esteban Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: González Lebrero, Mariano Camilo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Crespo, José Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Arrar, Mehrnoosh. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Caridi, Délida Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Cálculo; ArgentinaFil: Sued, Raquel Mariela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Cálculo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Production of triacylglycerols rich in palmitic acid at sn-2 position by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis

This paper studies the synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) rich in palmitic acid (PA) at sn-2 position from palm stearin (PS), a vegetable oil highly rich in PA (60%, but only 12.8% of this is located at sn-2 position). These PA rich TAGs were obtained by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of this oil with free fatty acids (FFAs) highly rich in PA, such as commercial PA (98% PA) and a FFA extract obtained by saponification of PS (60% PA). PA has a melting point of 63 ºC and during the acidolysis reaction the substrates, highly rich in this acid, must remain liquid; therefore high temperatures or solvents must be used. An important objective of this work was to operate without solvent and at the lowest possible temperature. In this acidolysis reaction four factors were firstly studied: type of lipase, temperature, solvent amount and the intensity of treatment (IOT = lipase amount × reaction time/PS amount). The influence of these variables was studied in a stirred tank reactor (STR). The lipases tested were Novozym 435 from Candida antarctica (immobilized on a macroporous acrylic resin), and lipases QLC (immobilized on diatomaceous earth), and QLM (non immobilized), both from Alcaligenes sp., and the one selected was lipase QLC. According to the manufacturer the optimum temperature for this lipase is 65-70 ºC, which allows it to operate without solvent. The best results with lipase QLC (TAGs with 80% PA, both total and at sn-2 position) were obtained with commercial PA, at 65 ºC, a 3:1 FFA/PS molar ratio (1:1 w/w), without solvent and an IOT = 7 g lipase × h/g PS (for example 2.5 g PS, 2.5 g commercial PA, 0.75 g lipase and 24 h). These results were the basis for establishing the operational conditions to obtain PA rich TAGs with the lipase immobilized in a packed bed reactor (PBR), operating by recirculation of the reaction mixture through the lipase bed. In this system TAGs with 75% PA were obtained at an IOT = 8 g lipase × h/g PS. This result and the apparent kinetic constants obtained in both reactors show that the reaction rate is lower in the PBR than in the STR. Subsequently, PA enriched TAGs were separated from FFAs by two procedures: the first one at room temperature and in presence of hexane and the second one at 65 ºC and without hexane. Using the first procedure, 95% of TAGs in the acidolysis reaction mixture were recovered with a purity of 99%. Using the second one, 98% pure TAGs were obtained with a recovery yield of 80%. Therefore, these highly rich PA TAGs can be obtained by acidolysis of PS and PA rich FFAs in solvent-free media, and then these TAGs also can be purified to 98% in absence of hexane, using only a hydroethanolic KOH solution.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, FEDER, Proyects AGL2003-03335, CTQ2007-6407