Correction: Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid–water mixtures

Correction for ‘Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid–water mixtures’ by Kris Anderson et al., Green Chem., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5gc00720h

Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid water mixtures

[EN] Carbon dioxide solubility in a set of carboxylate ionic liquids formulated with stoicheiometric amounts of water is found to be significantly higher than for other ionic liquids previously reported. This is due to synergistic chemical and physical absorption. The formulated ionic liquid/water mixtures show greatly enhanced carbon dioxide solubility relative to both anhydrous ionic liquids and aqueous ionic liquid solutions, and are competitive with commercial chemical absorbers, such as activated N-methyldiethanolamine or monoethanolamine.The authors would like to acknowledge PETRONAS for financial support of this research, and Cytec (especially Dr Al Robertson) for supplying some of the phosphonium ionic liquids used.Anderson, K.; Atkins, MP.; Estager, J.; Kuah, Y.; Ng, S.; Oliferenko, AA.; Plechkova, NV.... (2015). Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid water mixtures. 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Sonochimie organique

Le terme sonochimie est utilisé pour décrire les processus chimiques et physiques qui se produisent en solution grâce à l'énergie apportée par les ultrasons . Ces effets sont reliés au phénomène de cavitation qui correspond à la formation et à l'implosion de microbulles de gaz dans les liquides sous l'effet des ultrasons. En s'effondrant, ces microbulles de cavitation libèrent d'importantes quantités d'énergie sous forme d'une intense chaleur locale, comparable à la température à la surface du Soleil (5 000 K), de très haute pression (jusqu'à 1 000 atm), d'ondes de choc et de microcourants acoustiques ; chaque bulle de cavitation peut ainsi être considérée comme un microréacteur

Sonochimie organique : les ultrasons en synthèse organique verte

International audienceAmong the activation techniques available to meet concept of “green chemistry” or “sustainable chemistry”, the extraordinary properties of ultrasound and sonochemistry play an important role. Indeed, sonochemistry is simple to use. From the discovery of ultrasound to its use in green organic chemistry, this chapter provides an overview of the main applications of sonochemistry in organic chemistry and especially in “green organic chemistry”, with a particular focus on the work published in the literature including some elements on ultrasound theory and the equipment used to produce it. Based on the knowledge of the phenomenon of transient acoustic cavitation, the chapter proposes a mechanism for the formation of the various products of halocarbon sonolysis in aqueous media. It also provides relevant examples of the use of ultrasound, as an unconventional activation technique, for organic synthesis.La sonochimie, une méthode simple à utiliser, permet d’effectuer des réactions chimiques sous ultrasons sans apport extérieur de chaleur, de réactifs, de catalyseurs. Elle conduit à des rendements élevés et à la production d’un minimum de déchets. L’ouvrage fait un tour d’horizon des principales applications de la sonochimie en chimie organique verte, se concentrant tout particulièrement sur les travaux publiés ces dernières années

Sonochimie organique : les ultrasons en synthèse organique verte

International audienceLa sonochimie, une méthode simple à utiliser, permet d’effectuer des réactions chimiques sous ultrasons sans apport extérieur de chaleur, de réactifs, de catalyseurs. Elle conduit à des rendements élevés et à la production d’un minimum de déchets. L’ouvrage fait un tour d’horizon des principales applications de la sonochimie en chimie organique verte, se concentrant tout particulièrement sur les travaux publiés ces dernières années

Sonochimie organique : les ultrasons en synthèse organique verte

International audienceLa sonochimie, une méthode simple à utiliser, permet d’effectuer des réactions chimiques sous ultrasons sans apport extérieur de chaleur, de réactifs, de catalyseurs. Elle conduit à des rendements élevés et à la production d’un minimum de déchets. L’ouvrage fait un tour d’horizon des principales applications de la sonochimie en chimie organique verte, se concentrant tout particulièrement sur les travaux publiés ces dernières années

Méthodes d'activation non conventionnelles et solvants propres pour une chimie durable (synthèse et valorisation organique des liquides ioniques)

L'étude des liquides ioniques a connu un essor considérable au cours de ces dernières années. En effet, en plus de leur faible volatilité, de leur non inflammabilité et de leur caractère non explosif, ils présentent une grande stabilité thermique et une forte aptitude à solvater, à la fois des composés organiques et inorganiques. Ces propriétés physico-chimiques originales en font des solvants de choix pour une chimie organique respectueuse de l'environnement dans l'optique du développement durable. Les objectifs de ce travail de Doctorat sont la synthèse et la valorisation de ces composés en profitant notamment de certaines de leurs qualités intrinsèques autorisant l'utilisation de méthodes d'activation dites non-conventionnelles comme les ultrasons ou l'irradiation par micro-ondes généralement rattachées à la chimie du développement durable. Après avoir détaillé les différentes propriétés des liquides ioniques, le premier chapitre de ce manuscrit de thèse décrit comment des phénomènes physiques comme des ondes ultrasonores ou micro-ondes peuvent influencer la réactivité chimique de manière différente par rapport à un chauffage thermique classique. Dans ces travaux de doctorat, l'utilisation des ultrasons pour la synthèse des liquides ioniques de seconde génération en une étape est ainsi étudiée; une forte diminution du temps de réaction est observée pour la plupart des liquides ioniques choisis. L'emploi combiné de la sonochimie et de l'irradiation par micro-ondes permet d'accélérer encore plus la cinétique de ces synthèses en mettant en commun les différents effets physiques et chimiques des ultrasons avec le chauffage homogène et rapide généré par les micro-ondes. A la fin de cette étude, des liquides ioniques de seconde génération sont ainsi obtenus avec de bons rendements et une cinétique de l'ordre de quelques minutes, comparées aux quelques 48-72h Emma nécessaires sous chauffage thermique classique. Bien que leur utilisation se limite souvent à un simple rôle de solvant, les liquides ioniques possèdent des propriétés en terme de réactivité qui peuvent aussi être mises à profit notamment en catalyse. Au cours de cette étude, ils ont été utilisés comme catalyseurs pour la réaction de condensation benzoïne, que ce soit sous irradiation ultrasonore ou sous irradiation micro-ondes. Les résultats obtenus ont montré de bonnes conversions et le liquide ionique a été recyclé sous certaines conditions. La réaction de cyclisation de Pictet-Spengler, souvent utilisée pour la synthèse d'hétérocycles bio-actifs, a été catalysée par différents liquides ioniques notamment de seconde génération. Ces sels incorporant des anions halogénures de métaux sont connus pour posséder une forte acidité. Sur cette observation, des liquides ioniques à tâche spécifique acide ont été utilisés pour la synthèse de 1-phényl-tetrahydro-b-carbolines via la réaction de Pictet-Spengler.These last years, RTILs have become a very attractive alternative to conventional solvents. Because of their negligible vapor pressure, they are used as green solvents. In addition, their wide liquid range, tunable polarity or good solvating ability make them very interesting in organic synthesis. Finally, their non flammability and non explosive character make them good candidates to replace traditional molecular solvents in term of green chemistry. The objectives of this PhD thesis are the synthesis and the valuable use of these compounds by taking advantage of some of their remarkable properties with the use of non conventional activation methods such as microwave and / or ultrasound irradiation. The nature and properties of ionic liquids are described along the first chapter of this work and then the physical effects that lead to sonochemistry and chemistry effects under microwave irradiation are also discussed. The second chapter of this thesis described the advantage of non traditional activation methods for improving the synthesis of second generation ionic liquids. By using, ultrasonic irradiation, different families of nitrogen-bearing ionic liquids are obtained in a solvent-free or in aqueous medium, which gives a greener touch to the overall process. Aiming to overcome some limitations of this method, a new activation method using simultaneous ultrasound/microwave irradiation has been shown to lead to good yields in second generation ionic liquid in a kinetic of only few minutes. Then, the synthesis of benzion via benzoin condensation reaction has been studied with various ionic liquids as catalysts. Microwave activation and ultrasonic irradiation have been tested and good yields in benzoin have been observed whereas the recycling of the ionic catalyst was shown to be possible in specific conditions. Finally, different ionic liquids have been chosen to catalyse the electrophilic cyclisation of Pictet-Spengler, a classical synthetic method to reach bioactive molecules. Various acidic ionic compounds, including task specific ionic liquids have been tested and good conversion in tetrahydro-b-carbolines have been obtained with the most suited ionic catalyst.CHAMBERY -BU Bourget (730512101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Synthesis of tetrahydro -β-carbolines via Pictet-Spengler reaction in acidic room-temperature ionic liquids

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