Ethical leadership and organizational support for creativity at work

With permanents global changes, organizations are increasingly required to promote employee creative behavior to deal with competitiveness keeping ethical leadership practices and responsible models of management. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of ethical leadership on creativity and estimates the mediating effect of organizational support for creativity in this relationship. A cross-sectional approach with a sample of 258 professionals, employees of different companies and economic sectors in the city of Lima, Peru, was employed. Valid and reliable instruments were used to assess the perception of the variables studied, and direct and indirect effects were tested using structural equation models. The results indicate that ethical leadership positively influences creativity both directly and through organizational support for creativity. This draws attention to the opportunity that leaders have to optimize organizational processes, procedures, and protocols oriented toward responsibility and respect for others to encourage creative behavior in employees. Furthermore, theoretical, and practical implications are discussed

Paving the way for Large-Scale Combinatorial Auctions

The Winner Determination Problem (WDP) in Combinatorial Auctions comes up in a wide range of applications. Linear Programming (LP) relaxations are a standard method for approximating combinatorial optimisation problems. In this paper we propose how to encode the WDP so that it can be approximated with AD3. Moreover, we contribute with PAR-AD3, the first parallel implementation of AD3. We show that while AD3 is up to 4.6 times faster than CPLEX in a single-thread execution, PAR-AD3 is up to 23 times faster than parallel CPLEX in an 8-core architecture. Copyright © 2015, International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (www.ifaamas.org). All rights reserved.This research has been supported by MICINN-Spain under contracts TIN2011-28689-C02-01, TIN2013-45732-C4-4-P and TIN2012-38876-C02-01.Peer reviewe

Entrepreneurial intentions of Colombian business students: planned behaviour, leadership skills and social capital

Purpose: This paper reconceptualizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in the light of social cognitive theory to investigate the role of social capital, and specifically leadership skill as a social capital generating influence in formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Methodology: A new conceptualization of TPB is proposed to allow the impact of bonding and bridging cognitive social capital to be mediated by TPB constructs of perceived desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurship. Hypotheses are developed related to leadership skills, family background and social norms as external and internal indicators of social capital, and tested on primary data from 322 student respondents in a Colombian business school. Findings: Leadership skills, indicative of bridging cognitive social capital, are found to be strongly and significantly associated with entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating role of the core TPB constructs. Evidence for the role of bonding social capital through measures of the social acceptability of entrepreneurship and family background is mixed, and in the case of family background no indirect association with intentions is found. Research limitations/implications: Although the Latin American context would suggest significant population variation in personal and background resource, there is relatively little variation across this sample, particularly in terms of family background. Thus rates of graduate entrepreneurship may relate more closely to constraints acting on entry into higher education than on other background characteristics, and therefore that future work in similar contexts ought to be conducted across a wider socio-economic sample. Practical implications: Opportunities to develop and enhance student perception of leadership ability through either education or experience might improve levels of graduate entrepreneurship, alongside traditional activities to raise self-efficacy and perceived salience of entrepreneurship. Originality/value: Student leadership skills have rarely been addressed in the context of entrepreneurship development. This paper highlights the relevance of this in a developing economy context

Reseñas históricas de la medicina en Mantua en el período 1950-2006 / Historical review of Medical Studies in Mantua municipality. 1950-2006

En el presente trabajo se realizó una investigación cualitativa de desarrollo mediante un muestreo intencional inducido con el objetivo de describir la evolución histórica de la Medicina en Mantua durante el período comprendido desde 1950 hasta el año 2006. Para el cumplimiento de este trabajo se elaboró una guía que refiere algunos aspectos generales que se consideraron importantes y determinaron su evolución en la dinámica del trabajo. Se conformó la muestra con veinte informantes clave, con cierto nivel de experiencia utilizando la entrevista semiestructurada con la técnica cara a cara, que se sustenta por el conjunto de aspectos respondiendo a los objetivos de la investigación trazada. Los resultados se analizan a partir de procedimientos lógicos, de inducción, deducción, abstracción y generalización para la precisión y definición del objeto de estudio. Se muestra entre los principales la adversa situación en materia de salud (entre otros aspectos) en el municipio Mantua antes del triunfo de la Revolución, con sólo cuatros médicos, y hoy contamos con servicios de salud gratuitos y suficientes para atender con eficiencia el ciento por ciento de la población. Palabras clave: HISTORIA DE LA MEDICINA, EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA, INVESTIGACIÓN. ABSTRACTA qualitative research was conducted through an induced intentional sample aimed at describing the historical evolution of the medical studies in Mantua during the period of 1950 to 2006. To carry it out , a guide was created considering some general important aspects and determining its evolution in the dynamics of the work. A sample of 20 informants with certain experience was taken, using a face-to-face semistructured interview, which is supported by the objectives of the research. Results were analyzed from the logical procedures of: induction, deduction, abstraction and generalization to perform the precision and definition of the object of study, describing the adverse situation of public health (among other features) in Mantua municipality before the triumph of the Revolution, having only 4 doctors. Nowadays, free, sufficient and efficient medical services are offered to 100% of the population. Key words: HISTORY OF MEDICAL STUDIES, MEDICAL EDUCATION, RESEARCH

Calidad de vida laboral y liderazgo en trabajadores asistenciales y administrativos en un centro oncológico de la ciudad de Bogotá

El propósito de este estudio fue describir la Calidad de vida laboral (CVL) y el estilo de liderazgo percibido por el personal administrativo/asistencial de un centro oncológico y estimar la asociación entre ellas, considerando las características sociodemográficas. Para ello se aplicó el Cuestionario de Vida profesional [CVP-35] y el Test de Adjetivos de Pitcher [PAT]. En general, los participantes presentan una CVL satisfactoria, caracterizada principalmente por motivación intrínseca, lo cual fue más evidente en el personal asistencial. Respecto al liderazgo, se observó una percepción de ausencia de liderazgo o características poco deseables de éste, lo cual aunque no determina la CVL, si constituye un factor modulador de la misma, las variables sociodemográficas no guardaron relación con la CVL. Por último se resalta la responsabilidad social que tienen los directivos sobre bienestar de los trabajadores de la salud, y consecuentemente sobre la atención al paciente. Se discuten estos hallazgos y lo pertinente de utilizar las categorías emergentes del PAT.The aim of this study was to describe the work Quality of Life (WQL) and perceived leadership style by administrative staff / and health care personnel in a oncological center and estimate the association between them, considering sociodemographic characteristics. We applied the Professional Life Questionnaire [PLQ-35] and Pitcher Adjectives Test [PAT]. In general, participants have a satisfactory WQL, mainly characterized by intrinsic motivation, which was most evident in the care team. Respect to leadership, there was perceived lack of leadership or undesirable features of it, which not determines the WQL but constitute a modulator factor. Sociodemographic variables were not related to the WQL. Finally it highlights the social responsibility that managers have on welfare of health workers, and consequently, on the patient care. We discuss these findings, and the relevance of utilize the emerging categories of PA

Efecto del cribado con diferentes mallas Tyler en el proceso de producción de sulfato de calcio agrícola

El proceso de producción de sulfato de calcio agrícola consta de una sección de acondicionamiento del yeso (co-producto del proceso de ácido fosfórico) y un lazo de granulación (granulador, secador, criba, molino y reciclo). De forma más específica, la etapa de cribado reviste gran importancia ya que de esta depende la distribución del tamaño promedio del producto, que a su vez es un factor determinante en la eficiencia granulométrica que define en cierta medida la calidad del fertilizante y su efectividad. En tal sentido, el estudio del efecto de la condición del cribado con diferentes mallas Tyler permite analizar mejoras en la operación del proceso. Para estos fines, se probaron tres mallas (6, 7 y 8 Mesh) en diferentes periodos y se evaluaron las propiedades físicas y químicas que son determinantes en las características de calidad del producto

Reseñas históricas de la medicina en Mantua en el período 1950-2006 / Historical review of Medical Studies in Mantua municipality. 1950-2006

En el presente trabajo se realizó una investigación cualitativa de desarrollo mediante un muestreo intencional inducido con el objetivo de describir la evolución histórica de la Medicina en Mantua durante el período comprendido desde 1950 hasta el año 2006. Para el cumplimiento de este trabajo se elaboró una guía que refiere algunos aspectos generales que se consideraron importantes y determinaron su evolución en la dinámica del trabajo. Se conformó la muestra con veinte informantes clave, con cierto nivel de experiencia utilizando la entrevista semiestructurada con la técnica cara a cara, que se sustenta por el conjunto de aspectos respondiendo a los objetivos de la investigación trazada. Los resultados se analizan a partir de procedimientos lógicos, de inducción, deducción, abstracción y generalización para la precisión y definición del objeto de estudio. Se muestra entre los principales la adversa situación en materia de salud (entre otros aspectos) en el municipio Mantua antes del triunfo de la Revolución, con sólo cuatros médicos, y hoy contamos con servicios de salud gratuitos y suficientes para atender con eficiencia el ciento por ciento de la población. Palabras clave: HISTORIA DE LA MEDICINA, EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA, INVESTIGACIÓN. ABSTRACTA qualitative research was conducted through an induced intentional sample aimed at describing the historical evolution of the medical studies in Mantua during the period of 1950 to 2006. To carry it out , a guide was created considering some general important aspects and determining its evolution in the dynamics of the work. A sample of 20 informants with certain experience was taken, using a face-to-face semistructured interview, which is supported by the objectives of the research. Results were analyzed from the logical procedures of: induction, deduction, abstraction and generalization to perform the precision and definition of the object of study, describing the adverse situation of public health (among other features) in Mantua municipality before the triumph of the Revolution, having only 4 doctors. Nowadays, free, sufficient and efficient medical services are offered to 100% of the population. Key words: HISTORY OF MEDICAL STUDIES, MEDICAL EDUCATION, RESEARCH

Noninvasive Modalities Used in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

In the past three decades, research on plasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI) has led to a gradual shift in SCI rehabilitation: the former focus on learning compensatory strategies changed to functional neurorecovery, that is, promoting restoration of function through the use of affected limbs. This paradigm shift contributed to the development of technology-based interventions aiming to promote neurorecovery through repetitive training. This chapter presents an overview of a range of noninvasive modalities that have been used in rehabilitation after SCI. Among others, we present repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), surface electrical stimulation tools such as transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tcSCS), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and functional electrical stimulation (FES), as well as its integration with cycling training and assistive robotic devices. The most recent results attained and the potential relevance of these new techniques to strengthen the efficacy of the residual neuronal pathways and improve spasticity are also presented. Future efforts toward the widespread clinical application of these modalities include more advances in the technology, together with the knowledge obtained from basic research and clinical trials. This can ultimately lead to novel customized interventions that meet specific needs of SCI patients

Population History and Gene Divergence in Native Mexicans Inferred from 76 Human Exomes.

Native American genetic variation remains underrepresented in most catalogs of human genome sequencing data. Previous genotyping efforts have revealed that Mexico's Indigenous population is highly differentiated and substructured, thus potentially harboring higher proportions of private genetic variants of functional and biomedical relevance. Here we have targeted the coding fraction of the genome and characterized its full site frequency spectrum by sequencing 76 exomes from five Indigenous populations across Mexico. Using diffusion approximations, we modeled the demographic history of Indigenous populations from Mexico with northern and southern ethnic groups splitting 7.2 KYA and subsequently diverging locally 6.5 and 5.7 KYA, respectively. Selection scans for positive selection revealed BCL2L13 and KBTBD8 genes as potential candidates for adaptive evolution in Rarámuris and Triquis, respectively. BCL2L13 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and could be related to physical endurance, a well-known phenotype of the northern Mexico Rarámuri. The KBTBD8 gene has been associated with idiopathic short stature and we found it to be highly differentiated in Triqui, a southern Indigenous group from Oaxaca whose height is extremely low compared to other Native populations

Entrepreneurial intentions of Colombian business students: planned behaviour, leadership skills and social capital

Purpose: This paper reconceptualizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in the light of social cognitive theory to investigate the role of social capital, and specifically leadership skill as a social capital generating influence in formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Methodology: A new conceptualization of TPB is proposed to allow the impact of bonding and bridging cognitive social capital to be mediated by TPB constructs of perceived desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurship. Hypotheses are developed related to leadership skills, family background and social norms as external and internal indicators of social capital, and tested on primary data from 322 student respondents in a Colombian business school. Findings: Leadership skills, indicative of bridging cognitive social capital, are found to be strongly and significantly associated with entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating role of the core TPB constructs. Evidence for the role of bonding social capital through measures of the social acceptability of entrepreneurship and family background is mixed, and in the case of family background no indirect association with intentions is found. Research limitations/implications: Although the Latin American context would suggest significant population variation in personal and background resource, there is relatively little variation across this sample, particularly in terms of family background. Thus rates of graduate entrepreneurship may relate more closely to constraints acting on entry into higher education than on other background characteristics, and therefore that future work in similar contexts ought to be conducted across a wider socio-economic sample. Practical implications: Opportunities to develop and enhance student perception of leadership ability through either education or experience might improve levels of graduate entrepreneurship, alongside traditional activities to raise self-efficacy and perceived salience of entrepreneurship. Originality/value: Student leadership skills have rarely been addressed in the context of entrepreneurship development. This paper highlights the relevance of this in a developing economy context