Plantas Sagradas y Salud Mental en Latinoamérica

Sacred plants have a number of phenomena that revolve around their ritual and medicinal use, as well as being seen as carrying a bond with the sphere of the sacred. México is the country that has the greatest diversity of sacred plants in the Americas because its indigenous groups have a magical-religious relationship with them. In the beginning of the study of sacred plants, psilocybin, mescaline and ergotamine began to be classified as classical psychedelics, this categorization was of great help to psychiatry and neuroscience in the 1950s and 1960s.Las plantas sagradas tienen una serie de fenómenos que giran en torno a su uso ritual y medicinal, además de ser vistas como portadoras de un lazo con la esfera de lo sagrado. México es el país que tiene la diversidad más grande de plantas sagradas de las Américas debido a que sus grupos indígenas tienen una relación mágico – religiosa con ellas. En el inicio del estudio de las plantas sagradas, se comenzaron a clasificar como psicodélicos clásicos a la psilocibina, mezcalina y ergotamina, esta categorización fue de gran ayuda para la psiquiatría y neurociencia en las décadas de 1950 y 1960 URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022102118364896240647DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.723616

Estigma y Discriminacion Relacionado con el Abuso de Sustancias

Over the past few decades, international research has documented that stigma and discrimination is one of the major barriers to care in the field of drug abuse worldwide. Objective: To show the findings of the international literature about specific populations that experience stigma or discrimination as one of the main barriers to care in substance abuse as well as to account for the development of public policies against stigma in mental health and addictions in consonance with goals 3, 10 and 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals.En las últimas décadas, se ha documentado en la investigación a nivel internacional, que el estigma y la discriminación constituyen una de las principales barreras para la atención en el ámbito del abuso de drogas en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Mostrar los hallazgos de la literatura internacional acerca de poblaciones específicas que experimentan estigma o discriminación como una de las principales barreras para la atención en el abuso de sustancias así como dar cuenta del desarrollo de políticas públicas anti estigma en salud mental y adicciones en consonancia con los objetivos 3, 10 y 16 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible

Monitoring‌ ‌&‌ ‌Information‌ ‌Center‌ ‌for‌ ‌‌Human‌ ‌Rights‌ ‌Violations‌ ‌during‌ ‌the‌ ‌Pandemic‌ of COVID-19

Human Dignity Observatory / #PandemicWithoutHarm The visibility of human rights violations contributes to the strengthening of democracy and the defense of the rule of law. The political and social impact as a tool we are developing for human rights defenders and researchers. _________________________________________________________________________ Observatorio de Dignidad Humana / #PandemiaSinAbusosAbstract La visibilidad de las violaciones de los derechos humanos contribuye al fortalecimiento de la democracia y a la defensa del Estado de Derecho. El impacto político y social como herramienta que estamos desarrollando para defensores de los derechos humanos e investigadores.Cite article: "Díaz Velásquez, M. I., Molina Aguilar, J., Baños, S. A., & Espin García, O. H. (2021). Human Dignity Observatory. In D. Kreher (Ed.), Knowmad Institut (Vol. 2, Issue 1). Knowmad Institut gemeinnützige UG (haftungsbeschränkt); Knowmad Institut gemeinnützige UG (haftungsbeschränkt). https://knowmadinstitut.org/2020/04/quarantine-hhrr/ | Civil Society Partners: FESPAD (El Salvador), REDUC (Brazil) , LGBTI Mexico (Mexico) | Advisors: Navas, N., & Knoblauch, M. Volunteers: Torres, M., & Romero, O | CC BY-NC 4.0 // 2020 | Map user content has been published under licence Licence ouverte/Open Licence Map background credits OSM Dark (jawgmaps) Tiles courtesy of jawgmaps - Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under ODbL." https://knowmadinstitut.org/2020/04/quarantine-hhrr/ Civil Society Partners: FESPAD (El Salvador), REDUC (Brazil) , LGBTI Mexico (Mexico) Advisors: Navas, N., & Knoblauch, M. | Volunteers: Torres, M., & Romero, O CC BY-NC 4.0 // 2021 | Map user content has been published under licence Licence ouverte/Open Licence | Map background credits OSM Dark (jawgmaps) Tiles courtesy of jawgmaps - Map data © OpenStreetMa

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care