The effect of intravenous vitamin C on the phosphorus level reduction in hemodialysis patients: A double blind randomized clinical trial

Aim The majority of hemodialysis patients are hyperphosphate-mic. Hyperphosphatemia in these patients can lead to renal oste-odystrophy, vascular calcifcation, cardiovascular events, and is independently associated with mortality risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous vitamin C on phosphorus level in hemodialysis patients. Methods Using a double blind randomized clinical trial, a total of 60 qualified hemodialysis patients were randomly allocated in two intervention and control groups and serum phosphorus, CRP, calcium, albumin and PTH levels were measured. At the end of each hemodialysis session, intervention group received vitamin C vial (500mg/5cc) intravenously three times a week for 8 weeks and control group received normal saline in the same way. Data were collected before and after two months of treatment. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square test. Results Vitamin C treated group had a significant decrease in phosphorus (p=0.01), CRP level (p=0.01) and Ca�P product (p=0.03). In contrast, there was no significant difference in phosphorous (p= 0.5) and CRP levels (p= 0.6) and Ca�P product (p=0.7) in the control group. In addition, there was no statistically significant change in calcium (p=0.1), PTH (p=0.4) and albumin (p=0.4) levels in both groups. Conclusion Intravenous vitamin C can significantly decrease phosphorus level in hemodialysis patients

Tangles, Generalized Reidemeister Moves, and Three-Dimensional Mirror Symmetry

Three-dimensional N=2 superconformal field theories are constructed by compactifying M5-branes on three-manifolds. In the infrared the branes recombine, and the physics is captured by a single M5-brane on a branched cover of the original ultraviolet geometry. The branch locus is a tangle, a one-dimensional knotted submanifold of the ultraviolet geometry. A choice of branch sheet for this cover yields a Lagrangian for the theory, and varying the branch sheet provides dual descriptions. Massless matter arises from vanishing size M2-branes and appears as singularities of the tangle where branch lines collide. Massive deformations of the field theory correspond to resolutions of singularities resulting in distinct smooth manifolds connected by geometric transitions. A generalization of Reidemeister moves for singular tangles captures mirror symmetries of the underlying theory yielding a geometric framework where dualities are manifest.Comment: 80 pages, 48 figure

A comparative study of kojic acid cream and hydroquinone in treatment of melasma

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: ملاسما به هیپرپیگمانتاسیون اکتسابی صـورت اطلاق می شـود که به طور عمده در خانم های 55-30 سال دیده می شود که در صورت عدم درمان به موقع، می تواند سبب بروز مشکلات زیبایی در آنان شود. هـدف از این مطالعه، تاثـیر مقایسه ای کرم کوژیک اسید و هیـدروکینون در درمـان ملاسما بود. روش بررسی: این پژوهش به صورت یک کار آزمایی بالینی بر روی 100 نفراز زنان مبتلا به عارضه ملاسمای اپیدرمی، مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه پوست بیمارستان 22 بهمن مشهد انجام شد. تمام واحدهای مورد پژوهش، حداقل دارای دو ضایعه ملاسمایی به صورت قرینه بوده که شدت و وسعت ضایعات دو طرف نیز نسبتاً یکسان بود. برای هر بیمار در طول مطالعه، کرم کوژیک اسید 4 موضعی جهت ضایعه ملاسمایی یک طرف صورت و کرم هیدروکینون 2 برای ضایعه ملاسمایی سمت دیگر صورت، به طور همزمان تجویز شد. در طول 3 ماه مصرف دارو، میزان بهبودی توسط محققین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری غیر پارامتری ویلکاکسون تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: یک ماه پس از مطالعه، 7 به کرم کوژیک اسید و10 به داروی هیدروکینون و دو ماه پس از درمان 24 به کرم کوژیک اسید و 22 به هیدروکینون پاسخ خوب دادند (05/0

4d Spectra from BPS Quiver Dualities

We attack the question of BPS occupancy in a wide class of 4d N = 2 quantum field theories. We first review the Seiberg-Witten approach to finding the low energy Wilsonian effective action actions of such theories. In particular, we analyze the case of Gaiotto theories, which provide a large number of non-trivial examples in a unified framework. We then turn to understanding the massive BPS spectrum of such theories, and in particular their relation to BPS quivers. We present a purely 4d characterization of BPS quivers, and explain how a quiver's representation theory encodes the solution to the BPS occupancy problem. Next, we derive a so called mutation method, based on exploiting quiver dualities, to solve the quiver's representation theory. This method makes previously intractable calculations nearly trivial in many examples. As a particular highlight, we apply our methods to understand strongly coupled chambers in ADE SYM gauge theories with matter. Following this, we turn to the general story of quivers for theories of the Gaiotto class. We present a geometric approach to attaining quivers for the rank 2 theories, leading to a very elegant solution which includes a specification of quiver superpotentials. Finally, we solve these theories by an unrelated method based on gauging flavor symmetries in their various dual weakly coupled Lagrangian descriptions. After seeing that this method agrees in the rank 2 case, we will apply our new approach to the case of rank n.Physic

Comparison of effectiveness and safety of labetalol and hydralazine on blood pressure during cataract surgery in patients with hypertension

Introduction: Cataract surgery is one of the most commonlyperformed surgeries, and patients over the age of60 are major candidates for this procedure. Hypertensionis one of the most commonly reported diseases in this agegroup. Since hypertension is associated with poor surgeryoutcomes, it is important to find appropriate medicationsfor controlling the optimal blood pressure of patients.Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectof labetalol and hydralazine on blood pressure duringcataract surgery.Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients undergoingcataract surgery in 2014-2015 were enrolled in thisclinical trial, and randomly assigned to the hydralazinegroup (n=30) and the labetalol group (n=33). Systolic,diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure and heart ratewere recorded at 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes.Findings: Changes in the heart rate were similar in bothgroups and had an increasing trend from baseline to 15minutes. In terms of changes in blood pressure after druginjection, labetalol resulted in a more rapid decrease in systolic,diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures than hydralazine,so that their values were significantly lower in thelabetalol group than the hydralazine group after 5 minutes.Conclusion: Both labetalol and hydralazine seem to besuitable for controlling blood pressure during surgery.However, the more rapid effect of labetalol than hydralazineon lowering blood pressure and the reflex tachycardia,observed most often with hydralazine, should be consideredwhen selecting them

N=2 Quantum Field Theories and their BPS quivers

We explore the relationship between four-dimensional N = 2 quantum field theories and their associated BPS quivers. For a wide class of theories including super-Yang-Mills theories, Argyres- Douglas models, and theories defined by M5-branes on punctured Riemann surfaces, there exists a quiver which implicitly characterizes the field theory. We study various aspects of this correspondence including the quiver interpretation of flavor symmetries, gauging, decoupling limits, and field theory dualities. In general a given quiver describes only a patch of the moduli space of the field theory, and a key role is played by quantum mechanical dualities, encoded by quiver mutations, which relate distinct quivers valid in different patches. Analyzing the consistency conditions imposed on the spectrum by these dualities results in a powerful and novel mutation method for determining the BPS states. We apply our method to determine the BPS spectrum in a wide class of examples, including the strong coupling spectrum of super-Yang-Mills with an ADE gauge group and fundamental matter, and trinion theories defined by M5-branes on spheres with three punctures. \ua9 2014 International Press