Image analysis software versus direct anthropometry for breast measurements

PURPOSE:To compare breast measurements performed using the software packages ImageTool(r), AutoCAD(r) and Adobe Photoshop(r) with direct anthropometric measurements.METHODS:Points were marked on the breasts and arms of 40 volunteer women aged between 18 and 60 years. When connecting the points, seven linear segments and one angular measurement on each half of the body, and one medial segment common to both body halves were defined. The volunteers were photographed in a standardized manner. Photogrammetric measurements were performed by three independent observers using the three software packages and compared to direct anthropometric measurements made with calipers and a protractor.RESULTS:Measurements obtained with AutoCAD(r) were the most reproducible and those made with ImageTool(r) were the most similar to direct anthropometry, while measurements with Adobe Photoshop(r) showed the largest differences. Except for angular measurements, significant differences were found between measurements of line segments made using the three software packages and those obtained by direct anthropometry.CONCLUSION:AutoCAD(r) provided the highest precision and intermediate accuracy; ImageTool(r) had the highest accuracy and lowest precision; and Adobe Photoshop(r) showed intermediate precision and the worst accuracy among the three software packages.Federal University of São PauloUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of SurgeryUNIFESPUNIFESP, Department of SurgeryUNIFESPSciEL

The L-shaped mastopexy

Introduction: The mastopexy with implants and L-shaped scarring aims to correct grades I to II breast ptosis using implants in retroglandular space and retromuscular dual plane space, at the same surgical time. The objective is to describe the experience with the L-augmentation mastopexy technique, analyzing complications and reoperations. Methods: Retrospective study of 123 patients with mild to moderate breast ptosis, operated using the L-augmentation mastopexy technique from January 2011 to November 2021 Results: The mean age of patients was 35.6 years. The average volume of implants used was 315ml (range 175 to 600ml). The placement of the prosthesis was in retroglandular (46.5%) and dual plane retromuscular space (53.5%). The average operative time was two hours and fifty-four minutes. The main complications presented were superficial dehiscence (7.3%), recurrence of ptosis (7.3%) and unsightly scars (5.7%). Surgical reviews took place in 13 patients (10.5%). Conclusion: Safe and effective mastopexy technique with implant in the treatment of mild to moderate breast ptosis, providing well designed breasts with reduced L-shaped scars

Comparison of Joint Photographics Expert Group (JPEG) and raw file (.RAW) images in computerized photogrammetry and direct anthropometry in the evaluation of the mammary region

Introduction: The mammary region assessment has several peculiarities regarding the shape and the position of breasts in the thorax, which may influence the obtained data. Photographic documentation and graphics software can be an accurate and reproducible alternative to direct anthropometry. Learning the different image file extensions allows a safe evaluation of such images, as well as a definition of whether the file size interferes in the evaluation or not. Objective: To compare JPEG (Joint Point Expert Groups) and RAW image files using graphics software to obtain the breast measurements. Methods: Points were marked into the mammary region and arms of 40 volunteer women. The joining of these points in each hemibody formed 7 linear segments, 1 angular segment and 1 median segment common to both hemibodies. The volunteers were photographed in a standardized way and evaluated by 3 observers using the software Adobe PhotoshopCS6® for 03 image file extension types (RAW, and high and low resolution JPEG), and values were compared to direct anthropometry. Results: All variables presented interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value greater than 0.8 (ICC> 0.8). On average, all variables in all methods presented differences (p 0,8). Em média, todas as variáveis em todos os métodos apresentaram diferenças (p<0,05) quando comparadas com a medida direta. Foi criada uma fórmula para cada segmento e extensão de arquivo de imagem, comparada com a medida direta. Conclusão: Os três tipos de extensão dos arquivos de imagens em JPEG e RAW mostraram medidas semelhantes entre si. A medida real das mamas obtida por compasso foi diferente da alcançada pelos softwares.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2018

Graphic software and direct anthropometry in breast measures

A necessidade crescente de obter um instrumento que possibilite uma correta e precisa mensuracao das mamas gerou questionamentos sobre qual o melhor metodo para essa medicao. Na pratica clinica e rotineiramente utilizada a antropometria direta, porem trata-se de um metodo que sofre muitas variacoes, tanto na ferramenta de mensuracao (fita metrica, regua), quanto no tempo dispendido. Aliados a documentacao fotografica, necessita-se de instrumentos digitais que possibilitem realizar as mensuracoes de forma objetiva. Objetivo: Comparar tres softwares graficos na obtencao de medidas de mamas. Metodos: Em 40 voluntarias do genero feminino, com idades entre 18 e 60 anos, foram demarcados pontos sobre a regiao mamaria e bracos. A uniao destes pontos em cada hemicorpo formou 8 segmentos lineares e 1 angular, totalizando 80 hemicorpos avaliados, e 1 segmento mediano comum n=40. As voluntarias foram mensuradas por antropometria direta e fotografadas de maneira padronizada, e a seguir avaliadas por tres observadores, com auxilio dos softwares Image Tool®, AutoCAD 2008® e Adobe Photoshop®. Resultados: O AutoCAD® revelou ser o software com maior reprodutibilidade. O Image Tool® apresentou valores mais proximos da antropometria direta e o Photoshop® os mais distantes. Com excessao a medida do angulo, todos os outros segmentos apresentaram, em media, diferencas quando realizada a comparacao dos softwares com a antropometria direta (p<0,005). Conclusao: O AutoCAD® foi o software que apresentou melhor precisao, Image Tool® apresentou medidas mais proximas da antropometria direta, porem foi o menos preciso e Photoshop® apresentou precisao intermediaria entre os tres softwares estudados e pior acuraciaIntroduction: The increasing need for tools that enable a correct assessment for breast measurement, generated a series of questions about which the best tool to be used. In clinical practice is routinely used to direct anthropometry, but proved to be a method that undergoes many changes, both in the tool used to measure (measuring tape, ruler), as the time spent in this measurement. Allied to the photographic documentation, its necessary tools that allow us to realize digital measurements in an objective form. Objective: Compare three diferents software in measures of breasts. Methods: In 40 female volunteers aged between 18 and 60 years were marked points on the breast and arms. The union of these points in each hemibody, formed 8 linear segment and 1 angular, totaling N=80 hemicorpos evaluated, and 1 common segment with n=40. The volunteers were measures with direct antrophometry and photographed in a standardized way. These photographs were measured for 03 different evaluators, inter and intra evaluators with the help of software Image Tool®, AutoCAD 2008® and Adobe Photoshop®. Results: AutoCAD® software to be revealed with higher reproducibility. The Image Tool® showed values closer to the direct anthropometry and the most distant was Photoshop®. In exception, the measure of the angle, all the others segments exhibited, on average, differences when performed to compare the software with direct anthropometry (p<0,005). Conclusion: AutoCAD® was the software that showed the best accuracy, Image Tool® presented measures nearest the direct anthropometry, but was less accurate and Photoshop® showed intermediate precision among the 3 studied software and the worst accuracy

Cistoadenoma mucinoso do apêndice: relato de caso Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix: case report

O cistoadenoma mucinoso do apêndice ceca l, um tipo de mucocele do apêndice, é uma neoplasia benigna caracterizada pela metaplasia focal ou difusa do epitélio superficial da mucosa, associada à dilatação do apêndice e produção de muco para a luz apendicular. No presente estudo os autores relatam um caso de cistoadenoma mucinoso do apêndice observado em uma mulher de 65 anos de idade, com dor e massa palpável no quadrante inferior direito do abdome, cujo quadro teve início há 1 ano. O diagnóstico de cistoadenoma do apêndice foi suspeitado através da ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada do abdome, e confirmado pelo exame histopatológico. A paciente também apresentava cálculos na vesícula biliar e um cisto renal à direita. A laparotomia foi indicada sendo realizada a apendicectomia, a colecistectomia e a exérese do cisto renal. Na presente discussão esperamos contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce dessa doença e a melhor compreensão de sua classificação e patogenia.<br>Mucinous cystadenoma of the vermiform appendix, a type of mucocele of appendix, is a benign neoplasm characterized by focal or diffuse metaplasia of the superficial epithelium of mucosae, associated with appendix dilation and mucinous secretion into the appendiceal lumen. At present study the authors report a case of mucinous cystadenoma of appendix observed in a 65-yr-old woman with pain and palpated mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen started one year ago. Cystadenoma of the appendix was suspected throughout ultrasonography and CT scan of abdomen and confirmed by histology. Pacient also presented gallstones, and a right renal cyst. Laparotomy was indicated, appendicectomy and cholecystectomy performed and, renal cyst removed. At present issue we hope to contribute for early detection of this disease, and better understanding of its classification and pathogenesis

Incidentaloma gigante de adrenal em paciente jovem

Incidental adrenal tumors are lesions occasionally observed during abdominal US or CT scans. These tumors have been observed in patients without clinical or laboratorial signs of adrenal disease. The authors report a case of a 18 - years - old young man who was admitted to the Franco da Rocha Hospital, São Paulo, with abdominal pain and a palpated mass in the epigastrium which began one month ago. These findings were preceeded by a blunt trauma at the epigastrium three months earlier. First clinical hypothesis was of a traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst. However, investigation and laparotomy showed a large left adrenal solid mass, weighting 700 g. The mass was removed and histology was performed. There was no evidence of malignant neoplasm, then the diagnostic of incidental adenoma of adrenal was confirmed. The authors hope to stimulate surgeons for early detection of these lesions in order to prevent the complications and improve the prognosis

Low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode effects in the secretion of neuropeptides SP and CGRP in rat skin

The phototherapy effects in the skin are related to biomodulation, usually to accelerate wound healing. However, there is no direct proof of the interrelation between the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diode (LED) in neuropeptide secretion, these substances being prematurely involved in the neurogenic inflammation phase of wound healing. This study therefore focused on investigating LLLT and LED in Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) secretion in healthy rat skin. Forty rats were randomly distributed into five groups with eight rats each: Control Group, Blue LED Group (470 nm, 350 mW power), Red LED Group (660 nm, 350 mW power), Red Laser Group (660 nm, 100 mW power), and Infrared Laser Group (808 nm, 100 mW power) (DMCA (R) Equipamentos Ltda., So Carlos, So Paulo, Brazil). the skin of the animals in the experimental groups was irradiated using the punctual contact technique, with a total energy of 40 J, single dose, standardized at one point in the dorsal region. After 14 min of irradiation, the skin samples were collected for CGRP and SP quantification using western blot analysis. SP was released in Infrared Laser Group (p = 0.01); there was no difference in the CGRP secretion among groups. Infrared (808 nm) LLLT enhances neuropeptide SP secretion in healthy rat skin.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, BR-04023002 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dept Neurol, BR-01246903 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, BR-04023002 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc