Erfassung und Evaluierung von Teilentladungen in Leistungstransformatoren mit speziellen Sensoren und Diagnoseverfahren

Transformers are key elements of the power grid. Due to their importance and high initial cost, asset managers utilize monitoring and diagnostic tools to optimize their operation and extend their service life. The main objective of this thesis is to develop new methods in the field of monitoring and diagnosis of transformers in order to reduce maintenance costs and decrease the frequency of forced outages. For this purpose, two concepts are proposed. Small generator step-up transformers are essential in wind and photovoltaic parks. The first presented concept entails an online fault gas monitoring system for these transformers, specially hermetically-sealed transformers. The developed compact, maintenance-free and cost-effective monitoring system continuously tracks the level of the key leading indicators of transformer faults in the gas cushion. The second presented concept revolves around partial discharge (PD) assessment by the UHF measurement technique, which is based on capturing the electromagnetic (EM) waves emitted in case of PD in the insulation of a transformer. In this context, the complex EM system established when probes are introduced into the tank of a transformer and with PD as the excitation source is analyzed. Drawing on this foundation, a practical approach to the detection and classification of PD with the focus on the selection of the optimal frequency range for performing UHF measurements depending on the device under test is presented. The UHF measurement technique also offers the possibility of PD localization. Here, the determined arrival time (AT) of the captured signals is critical. A PD localization algorithm, based on a multi-data-set approach with a novel AT determination method, is proposed. The methods and algorithms proposed for the detection, classification and localization of PD are validated by means of practical experiments

Valproate Effects on Chemophysical Properties of Human Serum Albumin

Albumin has a fundamental role in human body. Its main tasks in blood are to regulate osmotic blood pressure, maintaining the pH, and transporting metabolites and drugs throughout the vascular system.  Pharmacological studies of the interaction of drugs on HSA are important due to structural and functional changes of this vital protein; thus, here in this research the effect of valproate as a common drug for epilepsy disorders is evaluated in the presence of hexadecyl pyridinium bromide (HPB) as a positive surfactant in normal and fever condition. Electrochemical method was used to investigate the binding number of HPB molecules to HSA in the absence and presence of valproate by evaluating the concentration of free HPB in 37oC and 42oC temperatures. HSA affinity for valproate binding studied via ligand binding process for normal and fever temperatures. The findings indicate that, there is a significant difference in valproate binding to albumin at physiological and pathological temperatures. The consequences are the same in the presence of HPB; in other words, HSA binding tendency to HPB in the presence of valproate was totally altered because of HSA major conformational changes in fever condition. In conclusion, corrected dosage of valproate is needed for fever condition relative to normal temperature and the patients under prescription of different medications in fever condition should have different orders due to the interferences of drugs.

Antidepressant effects of Aloe vera hydroalcoholic extract

The antidepressant effects of aloe vera hydro alcoholic extract at different concentrations were compared with the fluoxetine-treated and the control groups of mice using forced-swimming, FST and open box, OFT tests. The mice were evaluated in five groups (control, taking aloe vera at the dosage levels of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 450 mg/kg, and finally fluoxetine at a dose of 10 mg/kg) by the FST and OFT tests on 1st, 7th, and 14th days. The results of the OFT test showed no significant differences between these five groups. The results of FST test indicate the antidepressant effects of aloe vera even at low doses and it was found that the effect of fluoxetine at a dose of 10 mg/kg was equivalent to the effect of aloe vera at a dose of 150 mg/kg for the reduction in immobility time in mice in FST test. According to the results obtained from FST test, the antidepressant effects on mice treated with the 450 mg/kg dose of aloe vera showed better recovery as compared with other groups on 1st, 7th, and 14th days. With regard to the experiments performed at different times, all the evidence pointed to the conclusion that the antidepressant effect of aloe vera was more than the control group.  Based on the results of the OFT and FST tests, aloe vera extract at different doses, has favorable antidepressant effects on mice as compared to the fluoxetine-treated and the control groups  and the better effects were seen by increasing the dose and duration of drug use.

Adrenal Cavernous Hemangioma Associated with Myelolipoma; a Case Report

Adrenal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor, most commonly diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies. Hereby we report a case of adrenal cavernous hemangioma with myelolipoma in a 39-year-old female presenting with epigastric pain for six months. CT scan of abdomen and pelvis showed a 38*27 mm left adrenal mass with heterogeneous enhancement and calcification. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed and pathologic examination grossly showed an encapsulated oval mass with multicystic cut surfaces containing hematoma. Microscopically, blood filled dilated vascular channels lined by endothelial cells with foci of adipose tissue admixed with normal hematopoietic cells were seen. Positive immunostaining for CD31 and CD34 confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. So, cavernous hemangioma associated with myelolipoma of the adrenal gland should always be considered as a differential diagnosis of adrenal masses

YKL-40 Gene Expression and Plasma Levels of CD30 are not Affected by Isoflurane or Propofol: Pilot Study

Background: It has been hypothesized that the body's response to anesthesia techniques can increase risk of cancer recurrence and metastatic disease after surgery and also can modulate immune responses. Some acute inflammatory markers have been measured to survey the immunomodulatory effect of anesthesia, but in this research, we studied the plasma level of CD30 and YKL-40 gene expression which can present major changes of the immune system.Materials and Methods: Our study was a controlled before and after study. 34 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer were randomized to receive either propofol general anesthesia (n=17) or standard isoflurane general anesthesia (n=17). There were no significant differences between the two patient groups in age, body weight, and height, length of general anesthesia, operative time and group of surgery. The blood samples were collected in two different sets, before anesthesia and 72-h postoperatively. Soluble CD30 (sCD30) plasma level was measured by ELISA and YKL-40/CHI3L1 gene expression was evaluated by real-time-PCR.Results: The results showed that the anesthetics, propofol and isoflurane, have no effect on the expression of YKL-40. Despite increased in the expression of YKL-40 that was observed in patients receiving isoflurane, this increase was not statistically significant. There was no significant increase or decrease in plasma concentrations of sCD30.Conclusion: YKL-40 and sCD30 are not affected by isoflurane or propofol.  So, in immunological perspective, there is no preference in use of isoflurane or propofol in breast cancer patients

Spiritual Interventions and Distress in Mothers of Children with Cancer

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual interventions in reducing distress in mothers of children with cancer. In a quasi-experimental study 12 mothers of children with cancer aged between 19 to 50 years old were selected and studied within six 90-minute group sessions in a spiritual intervention based program. Participants in a program based on repeated measures were tested in the first, third, sixth sessions and then 3 weeks after the last session (follow-up) with a Scale of Subjective Units of Distress (SUD). The results of repeated measures show that spiritual intervention improves distress of mothers of children with cancer in post-test phase and this increase remains sustained until follow-up

Growth of a KDP (KH₂PO₄) twin crystal and comparison of its characteristics with a single crystal

KDP single and twin (prepared from two-glued seeds) crystals have been grown by the method of temperature reduction. Then, the grown crystals were cut and polished in the (100) direction for optical characterization. The transmission spectra and XRD analysis of the crystals were determined and compared. The Vickers microhardness tests carried out on the two types showed that duplication of the crystal lattice did not reduce the hardness of it

Comparing the Analgesic Effect of Aminophylline and Hyoscine with Morphine on Renal Colic: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Although narcotics are effective for pain relief in these patients, they have little impact on the underlying cause. Therefore, surveys have been conducted to find more effective agents. Objective: This study conducted to compare the analgesic effect of aminophylline and hyoscine combination with morphine on renal colic patients. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients with renal colic caused by urinary tract stones. Subjects were selected via convenience sampling method. Patients were randomly divided into two groups based on whether they received aminophylline + hyoscine or morphine. Before drug administration, one researcher was asked to measure the pain of the patients using Graduated Numbered Visual Analogue Scale (GN-VAS). Afterward, 20 mg of hyoscine along with 3 mg/kg of aminophylline in 100 cc normal saline was injected during 10 minutes into patients in the one group, whereas 0.1 mg/kg of morphine was intravenously with 100 cc normal saline to align two groups, administered to the subjects in another group. Half an hour after the administration of drugs, pain was measured for the second time. Vital signs and side effects were all recorded. Results: In this study, 95 patients (47 patients in the aminophylline+hyoscine group and 48 patients in the morphine group) remained in the trial until the end. The difference in sex distribution(p=0.227) and age(p=0.680) of the two groups was not statistically significant. Median of pain intensity was not significantly different between the two study groups (p<0.05), neither before nor after administration of the drugs. The mean time required for pain relief in morphine group was significantly lower than aminophylline+hyoscine group (5.9±1.6 vs. 11.1±1.6 minutes; p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicated that aminophylline + hyoscine combination was effective in reducing renal colic pain and there is no significant difference between this combination and morphine in terms of pain relief

Comparing the Analgesic Effect of Aminophylline and Hyoscine with Morphine on Renal Colic: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Although narcotics are effective for pain relief in these patients, they have little impact on the underlying cause. Therefore, surveys have been conducted to find more effective agents. Objective: This study conducted to compare the analgesic effect of aminophylline and hyoscine combination with morphine on renal colic patients. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients with renal colic caused by urinary tract stones. Subjects were selected via convenience sampling method. Patients were randomly divided into two groups based on whether they received aminophylline + hyoscine or morphine. Before drug administration, one researcher was asked to measure the pain of the patients using Graduated Numbered Visual Analogue Scale (GN-VAS). Afterward, 20 mg of hyoscine along with 3 mg/kg of aminophylline in 100 cc normal saline was injected during 10 minutes into patients in the one group, whereas 0.1 mg/kg of morphine was intravenously with 100 cc normal saline to align two groups, administered to the subjects in another group. Half an hour after the administration of drugs, pain was measured for the second time. Vital signs and side effects were all recorded. Results: In this study, 95 patients (47 patients in the aminophylline+hyoscine group and 48 patients in the morphine group) remained in the trial until the end. The difference in sex distribution(p=0.227) and age(p=0.680) of the two groups was not statistically significant. Median of pain intensity was not significantly different between the two study groups (p<0.05), neither before nor after administration of the drugs. The mean time required for pain relief in morphine group was significantly lower than aminophylline+hyoscine group (5.9±1.6 vs. 11.1±1.6 minutes; p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicated that aminophylline + hyoscine combination was effective in reducing renal colic pain and there is no significant difference between this combination and morphine in terms of pain relief

Ethics of Palliative Surgery in Esophageal Cancer

Abstract Background: Surgery is one of the important palliative methods for patients with esophageal cancer. In addition to concerns related to clinical decision making, various moral challenges are encountered in palliative surgery. Some of them are related to patients and their illness, others to surgeons, their attitudes, skills and knowledge base