LOS CONTENIDOS FARMACOLÓGICOS EN LA CARRERA DE ESTOMATOLOGÍA: UN PROBLEMA SOCIAL DE LA CIENCIA Y LA TECNOLOGÍA: LOS CONTENIDOS FARMACOLÓGICOS, LA CIENCIA Y LA TECNOLOGÍA

Scientific-technological advances are common in the contemporary society.  Their application is rapidly increasing in all spheres of social life.  The health sector is not an exception. The prevention of new sicknesses related to buccal- facial complex and the adequate pharmacological management of patients need the knowledge of pharmacological contents and the application of the sciences and the technologies. The present article argues from the relationship science-technology-society, on the necessity of pharmacological treatment in dentistry for students to give an integral stomatology attention.Los avances científico-técnicos han cobrado auge en la sociedad contemporánea Su aplicación aumenta progresivamente en todas las esferas de la vida social. El sector de la salud no está exento de este desarrollo. La aparición y prevención de nuevas enfermedades relacionadas con el complejo buco-facial, así como el manejo farmacológico adecuado de los pacientes,  precisan del conocimiento de los contenidos farmacológicos y de la aplicación de la ciencia y la técnica para resolverlos. En el presente artículo se argumenta desde la relación ciencia-tecnología-sociedad, la necesidad del tratamiento al contenido farmacológico en los estudiantes de la carrera Estomatología para lograr una atención estomatológica integra

In Silico Study of Ceftaroline’s Molecular Properties

<strong>Background:</strong> Ceftaroline is the latest developed cephalosporin. Its molecular modeling can help deepening the structural bases underpinning its pharmacological characteristics. <br /><strong>Objective:</strong> to model structural and electronic properties of the ceftaroline.<strong> <br />Method:</strong> a theoretical study using quantum mechanics methods was conducted in order to model the structure and electronic properties of the ceftaroline. Molecular geometry was optimized with semiempirical calculations according to parameterized model # 3. Molecular properties were calculated according to the Density Functional Theory. Densities of atomic charges and orbital borders were analyzed and compared to the ceftobiprole modeling. <strong><br />Results:</strong> the ceftaroline has a more compact and less elongated three-dimensional structure than the ceftobiprole. The positive charges densities on the carbonyl carbon are slightly lower than their equivalents in the ceftobiprole. <strong><br />Conclusions:</strong> an ethyl presence in the ceftaroline oxime group modifies its spatial configuration which makes it more compact and may influence its antibacterial action

Scientific information management in the research education of Medicine students

In any scientific research it is very important to achieve an appropriate information management to allow creating and transmitting new knowledge. In the context of the academic scientific activity, we approach the importance of including in the academic syllabus the training in scientific information searching in the Web. The reference to an experience in the medical school “Dr. Zoilo Marinello Vidaurreta” supports the idea of increasing the abilities and knowledge of students in scientific information searching from the academic years to enhance their research skills.</p

Calculation of the molecular properties of five cephalosporins: cephradine, cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefprozil and ceftobiprole

<strong>Background:</strong> The side chains attached to the 7-amino cephalosporanic acid, the structural basis of cephalosporin, condition its molecular properties and cause differences in its pharmacological action. Molecular modeling contributes to further knowledge about this relationship. <br /><strong>Objective:</strong> To calculate structural and electronic properties of five cephalosporins: cephradine, cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefprozil and ceftobiprole. <strong><br />Methods:</strong> A theoretical study using quantum mechanics methods to model the structure and electronic properties of the cephalosporins listed above was conducted. Molecular geometries were optimized with semi-empirical calculations, according to the parameterized number three model. The molecular properties were calculated following the density functional theory. The densities of atomic charges and the frontier orbitals were analyzed. Comparisons were established to measure the effect of substituents on the properties of the beta-lactam ring. All calculations were run on personal computers belonging to the Medical Sciences University of Las Tunas, from November 2009 to March 2010. <strong><br />Results:</strong> The structural parameters of the beta-lactam ring do not change as a result of changes in the side chains. The ring has a marked tendency to planarity. The ceftobiprole is different from the rest of the cephalosporins in the spatial disposition of the side chain, which facilitates access to the carbonyl carbon. There are no significant variations in the charge densities, especially in the positive charge of this carbon. <strong><br />Conclusions: </strong>The structure and electronic properties of the beta-lactam ring have no significant changes among modeled cephalosporins. The three dimensional structure of ceftobiprole favors a higher reactivity

Molecular modelling of four penicillins: bencylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin

Background:Penicillins differ structurally among themselves by the lateral chains. At the same time, they have differences in their pharmacological action that can be associated to modifications included in the betalactamic ring and/or effects localized in the same chains. Making it clear would be a contribution to the search of the most adequate structural and electronic characteristics to design better penicillins. Objective:To compare structural properties, density of the atomic charges and the frontier orbitals of four penicillins: bencylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin. Method:The molecular structures were optimized with PM3 semiempirical calculi. The molecular properties were calculated according to the Density Functional Theory, at a B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The density of the atomic charges and the frontier orbitals were analyzed. The effect of the substituents on the properties of the betalactamic ring was evaluated. Results: The structural parameters of the betalactamic ring do not change as consequence of the modifications in the lateral chain linked to carbon 6. The ring has a marked tendency to planarity. There are no variations in the density of the positive charge of the carbonylic carbon. Conclusions: The structures and electronic properties of the betalactamic ring, structural basis of these antibiotics, do not have significant modifications among modelled penicillins.</p

Estudio in silico de bases moleculares en la actividad de antibióticos betalactámicos

La variedad de antibióticos betalactámicos es resultado de modificaciones en las cadenas laterales unidas a la base estructural de estos fármacos. Se realiza el análisis integral de propiedades estructurales y electrónicas, estudiadas in silico, de una muestra de antibióticos betalactámicos e inhibidores de las betalactamasas; con el objetivo de incrementar los conocimientos acerca de las bases estructurales que sustentan sus características farmacológicas. Se emplearon cálculos semiempíricos para optimizar las geometrías de 17 compuestos betalactámicos. Las propiedades moleculares se calcularon siguiendo la teoría del funcional de la densidad. Se analizaron las densidades de cargas atómicas y los orbitales de frontera. Los cálculos se ejecutaron en computadoras personales. Las propiedades calculadas mostraron variaciones que permitieron definir dos grupos de compuestos: uno para las monobactamas y los inhibidores de las betalactamasas, con menor planaridad en el anillo betalactámico y características electrónicas asociadas a una menor reactividad; el otro grupo está conformado por las penicilinas, cefalosporinas y carbapenemas, más planas, estables estructuralmente y potencialmente más reactivas. Los parámetros estructurales del anillo betalactámico y la densidad de carga positiva del carbono carbonílico, sitio de reacción, no tuvieron variaciones significativas como consecuencia de las modificaciones en las cadenas laterales. El ceftobiprole, cefalosporina de quinta generación, se diferencia del resto de los betalactámicos estudiados por la disposición espacial de las cadenas laterales, con una estructura tridimensional más alargada, a partir de la cual es más fácil el acceso hasta el carbono carbonílico, potenciando una mayor actividad antibacterian

Nivel de conocimientos de médicos generales integrales de Las Tunas sobre nutrición humana

La nutrición humana es un instrumento imprescindible a la hora de realizar intervenciones de salud, para ello se requiere de profesionales con un nivel adecuado de conocimientos sobre esta materia. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, en las cuatro áreas de salud del municipio de Las Tunas, en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2010 y febrero de 2011. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar los niveles de conocimientos sobre nutrición humana que tienen los especialistas y los residentes en medicina general integral. La muestra quedó conformada por 162 profesionales, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario estructurado en cinco temas. Se realizó el análisis porcentual de los resultados y, de acuerdo al análisis integral del cuestionario, el 56,2% demostró conocimientos en los niveles medio y alto, el resto evidenció insuficiencias significativas (71 profesionales). Por el tipo de pregunta, el 49,4% (80 profesionales) reveló dificultades en diferentes aspectos que constituyen generalidades de nutrición humana. En contraste con ello, el 62,3% demostró niveles de conocimientos medios y altos acerca del empleo de la nutrición en la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades. Por temas, las deficiencias se centraron en: Aspectos generales y Alimentos, con el 51,2 y 58,7%, respectivamente. Se concluye que en los profesionales incluidos en el estudio existió un discreto predominio de los que poseen niveles de conocimientos medios y altos sobre nutrición humana. Las mayores deficiencias cognoscitivas estuvieron al relacionar los nutrientes con los alimentos y en aspectos generales de nutrición, que es necesario tener presente a la hora de promocionar estilos de vida saludable

Characterization of the English teachers of the medical university of Las Tunas to teach medical English

Background: English for specific purposes is aimed at preparing the students in the professional field where they carry out their functions. To achieve this goal, the teacher of English must have a thorough knowledge of the subject matter. Objective: to characterize the substantive training of the teachers of English to teach English for medical purposes, at “Dr. Zoilo Enrique Marinello Vidaurreta” Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Medical Sciences of Las Tunas, in the academic year 2016-2017.Methods: a descriptive and prospective quanti-qualitative study was carried out. The population was made of the 26 permanent teachers of the English Department staff of the aforementioned institution and during the period herein declared. The data were processed by using descriptive statistics.Results: of all the teachers of the department staff, 7 belonged to the 25 to 34 age group (26,92 %), 6 graduated from higher education as teachers of English in the last 10 years (23,07 %) and 8 began to work at the medical university in the last 5 years (30,76 %), what characterized a part of the staff as fledgling. Only 13 teachers had taught English for medical purposes (50 %). Knowledge acquisition was mostly assessed as self-managed by 23 teachers (88,46 %). The study revealed a lack of planning of systematic activities of postgraduate training, reported by 22 teachers (84,61 %). 11 teachers considered, through self-perception, not to have the basic medical competence to carry out this function (42,30 %). Conclusions: the characterization of the English teachers was carried out, revealing that a significant number of them have not acquired the necessary knowledge to teach English for medical purposes.</p