Bioinformatics Study of the Effect of Brain-derived Neurogenic Factor (BDNF) on Gene Expression in SH-SY5Y Cell Line

Introduction: Considering the importance of the evaluation and identification of BDNF protective pathways, this study was conducted to analyze the expression rate of genes registered in the NCBI database to identify the genes expressed in SH-SY5Y cell line due to BDNF protection and oxidative stress and also to identify the protective pathways of BDNF. Method: In this study, bioinformatics and NCBI databases and libraries including 48000 datasets were explored and data were collected using Illumina and Bid studio software. In the first phase, sampling was performed manually based on the P-value, and in the second phase, based on the relationship with compatibility of neurons, the Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and linear relationship were calculated by measuring fit or regression using SPSS version 20. Results: The Pearson correlation between CMP and CTR data was positive; and the linear regression between them was also positive. The frequency percentage of neuron adapter proteins obtained from CTR data was higher than that from CMP data; and a great number of protective proteins were related to the protection of cell shape and cellular skeleton, and neuron survival. Conclusion: Due to the contact of neurons with BDNF, some genes are specifically expressed, therefore, BDNF can increase the life and compatibility of neurons

Preliminary study of end-effector compliance for reducing insertion force in automated fluid coupling for trains

Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) (contract RSSB 2675)

Design of passive compliant end-effectors for robotic and autonomous train fluid servicing

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonDue to the ongoing increase in UK rail traffic, train maintenance automation is becoming essential in meeting the future demands of the industry. The issue is that current industrial robotics are not readily suited for train maintenance in outdoor/unstructured applications. To perform useful work, the robot must interact with the train parts, this can include various tasks such as insertion, latching, griping etc. There will always be some misalignment in the autonomous mating of these parts, using a completely rigid robot will cause failures, especially in tight clearance scenarios. The robot or workpiece must be flexible to facilitate smooth interaction with relaxed contact forces and robot payload, reducing overall cost and safety requirements. Compliant mechanisms and end-effectors are inherently flexible and cheap however, existing literature and solutions are only suitable for robotic tasks with small misalignments (<2mm) and basic mating geometry. Our application of train fluid servicing includes more complicated tasks and geometries with misalignment upto 15 mm and 5 deg. The existing literature uses simplified analytical modelling and trial-and-error design approaches which are outdated and in our case impractical. This thesis uses more modern and practical techniques to structure the design of compliant mechanisms in passive compliance applications with large misalignments and applications of train fluid servicing. We hypothesise that such a design problem is always distinguished by some kind of uncertainty (i.e. misalignments) which manifests itself into loads and displacement. In this manner, Robust Engineering Design (RED) methodologies are formulated to solve the general design issue. The approach includes Pseudo Rigid Body Modelling (PRBM) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for large deformation and contact modelling. This was accurate in payload prediction between 5-12% of the physical results. We were successful in enabling a range of largely misaligned automated fluid coupling while significantly reducing robot payload for cam and groove type (CET) fluid couplings. A special mechanism was developed to aid the gripping of fluid port caps with standard grippers. Performance charts were produced to convey design insight. Contributions of this thesis are: 1. A unique outlook and new higher-level framework for passive compliance design with RED methodologies 2. Developing and evaluating design and modelling tools necessary for large misalignment and complex contact scenarios in train fluid servicing tasks 3. Design and parametric insight of new compliant end effectors for train fluid servicingRail Safety and Standard Board (RSSB

Towards Robust and Effective Passive Compliance Design of End-Effectors for Robotic Train Fluid Servicing

Without mechanical compliance robots rely on controlled environments and precision equipment to avoid clashes and large contact forces when interacting with an external workpiece, e.g., a peg-in-hole (PiH) task. In such cases, passive compliance devices are used to reduce the insertion force (and in turn the robot payload) while guiding corrective motions. Previous studies in this field are limited to small misalignments and basic PiH geometries inapplicable to prevalent robotic and autonomous systems (RASs). In addition to these issues, our work argues that there is a lack of a unified approach to the development of passive compliance systems. To this end, we propose a higher-level design approach using robust engineering design (RED) methods. In a case study, we demonstrated this general approach with a Taguchi design framework, developing a remote centre compliant (RCC) end-effector for robotic train fluid servicing. For this specific problem, a pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) is suggested in order to save enormous computation time in design, modelling, and optimisation. Our results show that the compliant end-effector is capable of significantly reducing the insertion force for large misalignments up to 15 mm and 6 degrees