Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of aerial part of Cynara scolymus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf aqueous extract (ALE) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. ALE (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats and fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), atherogenic index, lipid peroxidation (LPO), red blood cell (RBC) superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma antioxidant capacity were measured. The oral administration of ALE for 21 days significantly reduced TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and hyperglycemia in treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group. ALE also markedly ameliorated the level of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased plasma antioxidant capacity of treated diabetic group. The results clearly indicate the beneficial reducing effects of ALE on serum TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, glucose levels and plasma MDA level in STZ-treated rats

The effect of aerial part of Cynara scolymus extract on the hyperlipidemia, plasma antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activity in diabetic rats

زمینه و هدف: دیابت قندی از نظر بالینی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل بروز اختلال هایی نظیر نفروپاتی، رتینوپاتی، نوروپاتی و بیماری های قلبی و عروقی می باشد. گیاهان دارویی به دلیل عوارض جانبی کمتر به عنوان جایگزین مناسب داروهای شیمیایی همواره مورد توجه بوده اند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر عصاره آبی کنگر فرنگی بر برخی از فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی در رت صحرایی نر دیابتی شده با استرپتوزوسین بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 24 سر رت صحرایی نر به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه اول به عنوان گروه کنترل، غذای عادی دریافت کردند. سه گروه دیگر با استرپتوزوتوسین دیابتی شدند. سپس گروه دوم غذای عادی پلیت شده، گروه سوم و چهارم غذای عادی به همراه عصاره کنگر فرنگی به ترتیب با دوز 200 و 400 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن برای مدت زمان 21 روز به صورت گاواژ دریافت کردند. پس از اتمام زمان آزمایش، از قلب رات ها خون گیری به عمل آمد و پارامترهای تری‌گلیسرید، کلسترول، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بالا (HDL-C)، لیپو پروتئین با دانسیته خیلی پایین (VLDL-C)، گلوکز، مالون دی آلدئید پلاسما (MDA)، هموگلوبین گلیکوزیله (HbA1c)، ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی پلاسما و فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (SOD) گلبول های قرمز اندازه گیری و به کمک آزمون های آماری ANOVA و توکی با هم مقایسه شدند. یافته ها: درمان با عصاره آبی کنگر فرنگی باعث کاهش غلظت گلوکز، کلسترول تام، تری گلیسرید،VLDL-C، مالون دی آلدئید و هموگلوبین گلیکوزیله (05/0

The effects of hesperetin on apoptosis induction andinhibition of cell proliferation in the prostate cancer PC3 cells

ntroduction: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the mostcommon cancer diagnosed in men in the United States and Europe. Hesperetin, a member of thef lavonoids with antioxidant property, is found in fruits such as oranges and red fruits. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of hesperetin on apoptosis induction and inhibition of cell proliferation in the prostate cancer PC3 cells.Methods: PC3 cell line was cultured in standard condition. The cells were exposed to differentconcentrations of hesperetin (0-1000 μM) for 48 hours. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay.Apoptosis induction was assessed by Annexin V-FITC by flow cytometry analysis.Results: The PC3 cells exposed to hesperetin (0-1000 μM) exhibited an IC (inhibitoryconcentration of 50) about 450 μM. At different concentrations of hesperetin (400, 450 and 500µm), the apoptosis increased slightly (not significant) in treated PC3 cells compared to the controlgroup (5.4, 7.8 and 9.1 respectively vs. 4.2).Conclusion: These results clearly show that hesperetin can lead to inhibition of PC3 cellsproliferation.&nbsp

The effect of acryl amide on tissue changes, blood and enzymatic parameters in male rats.

زمینه و هدف: آکریل آمید یک ترکیب شیمیایی است و در اثر پخت غذاهای نشاسته ای و سرخ کردن سیب زمینی تولید می شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات خوراکی آکریل آمید بر تعدادی از آنزیم های بیوشیمیایی خون، پارامترهای خونی و تاثیرات پاتولوژیک آن بر بافت های مغز، کبد و کلیه موش های صحرایی نر انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 20 موش صحرایی نر در دو گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه مورد آکریل آمید با دوز روزانه 20 میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن و گروه کنترل آب مقطر به مدت 40 روز دریافت کردند. در پایان دوره مطالعه، بصورت تصادفی از هر گروه 6 سر موش انتخاب و پس از بیهوشی، نمونه خون جهت مطالعات خون شناسی و بررسی فعالیت تعدادی از آنزیم های سرمی گرفته شد. همچنین نمونه بافت های کبد، کلیه، مغز و عضلات برای بررسی آسیب های بافتی جمع آوری شدند. برای تحلیل داده ها از آزمون کولموگروف-اسمیرنوف و آزمون تی مستقل استفاده شد. یافته ها: آکریل آمید باعث کاهش معنی دار در فعالیت سرمی آلانین آمینوترانسفراز نسبت به گروه کنترل شد (05/0>P)، اما تغییری در پروتئین کل، نیتروژن اوره خون، کراتینین و پارامترهای خونی نسبت به گروه کنترل مشاهده نشد (05/

The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of allium latifolium on the liver phosphatidate phosphatase and serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Allium latifolium has polyphenolic compounds with power antioxidant properties which reduce serum lipids. Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) is a key enzyme in controlling the synthesis of glycerophospholipids. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Allium latifolium on the liver PAP and serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats. METHODS: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (8 in each group). Group I (normal) received standard diet, group II received cholesterol and oil diet (without treatment group), and groups III and IV were the rats which received cholesterol (Chol) and oil plus 150 and 300 mg/kg bw Allium latifolium extract, respectively. Group V were the rats which received cholesterol and oil diet plus 30 mg/kg bw gemfibrozyl. At the end of the study, liver PAP activity, liver triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein levels were determined and compared. FINDINGS: In group II, liver PAP activity showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) compared to other groups. In groups III and IV (the rats which received Allium latifolium extract), the liver Chol and TG, serum HDL-C, TG, total Chol, and VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein) concentrations showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) compared to group II (the rats without treatment). In group IV, serum total cholesterol indicated a significant elevation (62.30) with respect to group III (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The consumption of Allium latifolium in the low dose can reduce the side effects of hyperlipidemia such as elevated serum Chol and TG

Nephroprotective effect of silymarin against diclofenacinduced renal damage and oxidative stress in male rats

Introduction: Diclofenac (DIC), a phenylacetic acid compound which belongs to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is generally used for the treatment of various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute muscle pain conditions and osteoarthritis. Overdose of DIC can lead to renal injuries in both experimental animal and human. Our research was done to assess the protective role of silymarin on renal damage induced by DIC in rats. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n=8/group). Group 1 was control group; animals in group 2 were administrated DIC; Groups 3 and 4 administrated DIC plus silymarin with doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, orally (p.o), respectively. Various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were evaluated in serum and tissue homogenate. Results: In the second group, the levels of kidney catalase (CAT), vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) remarkably reduced (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. Also, urea, creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and gene expression of TNF-α in this group were noticeably elevated (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. Treatment with silymarin caused a remarkable elevation (P < 0.05) in vitamin C, SOD, CAT and a remarkable reduction (P < 0.05) in the content of MDA, urea, Cr, TNF-α gene expression and serum TNF-α in comparison with second group. Histological injuries were also ameliorated by silymarin administration. Conclusion: The results confirm that silymarin has an ameliorative role against renal damage and oxidative stress induced by DIC in male rats. Keywords: Oxidative stress, Silymarin, TNF-α, Diclofenac, Renal damag

Nephroprotective effect of silymarin against diclofenac-induced renal damage and oxidative stress in male rats

Introduction: Diclofenac (DIC), a phenylacetic acid compound which belongs to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is generally used for the treatment of various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute muscle pain conditions and osteoarthritis. Overdose of DIC can lead to renal injuries in both experimental animal and human. Our research was done to assess the protective role of silymarin on renal damage induced by DIC in rats. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n=8/group). Group 1 was control group; animals in group 2 were administrated DIC; Groups 3 and 4 administrated DIC plus silymarin with doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, orally (p.o), respectively. Various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were evaluated in serum and tissue homogenate. Results: In the second group, the levels of kidney catalase (CAT), vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) remarkably reduced (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. Also, urea, creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and gene expression of TNF-α in this group were noticeably elevated (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. Treatment with silymarin caused a remarkable elevation (P < 0.05) in vitamin C, SOD, CAT and a remarkable reduction (P < 0.05) in the content of MDA, urea, Cr, TNF-α gene expression and serum TNF-α in comparison with second group. Histological injuries were also ameliorated by silymarin administration. Conclusion: The results confirm that silymarin has an ameliorative role against renal damage and oxidative stress induced by DIC in male rats

Effect of garlic on liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and plasma lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats

Studies on the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on hyperlipidemia have demonstrated somewhat controversial results and there have been few studies on its enzymatic mechanism. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of garlic on the liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) activity, plasma lipid levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma antioxidant in rats fed either by normal or high-lipogenic diet with or without garlic. Male Wistar rats were fed by standard pellet diet (group I), standard diet supplemented with 4% garlic (group II), lipogenic diet (containing sunflower oil, cholesterol and ethanol) plus 4% garlic (group III) and only lipogenic diet (group IV). Results showed that garlic significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), plasma triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, VLDL-C, liver triglyceride, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated plasma antioxidant in garlic treated rats (groups II and III) compared to group IV (lipogenic diet group). Also, liver PAP activity was decreased in group II than group I whereas, the decrease in its activity in groups III and IV was due to the accumulation of triglyceride in liver. Therefore, the results are clearly indicative of the beneficial effects of garlic in reducing lateral side effects of hyperlipidemia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Protective effect of mummy on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Background and purpose: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is used in treatment of Gram-negative infections. However, its usefulness is restricted by its nephrotoxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of mummy and Vit E against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 36 adult albino Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Group 1 received 1 ml normal saline intra-peritoneal once daily. Group 2 was treated with gentamicin 100mg/kg daily IP and served as experimental group. Group 3 received Vit E 250 mg/kg/day IM and gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day IP. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with gentamicin 100 mg/kg and mummy at daily dosages of 1000, 500 and 250 mg/kg orally, respectively. All groups had daily treatments for 28 days. At the end of treatment, blood samples were taken for measurement of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, electrolytes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) using standard methods. Also, right kidneys were removed for histological evaluation. Results: Mummy at 1000 and 500 mg/kg and Vit E (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced gentamicin-induced increases in BUN, MDA and histological changes. Furthermore, mummy at 1000 mg/kg increased FRAP compared to other concentrations. Conclusion: Our results suggest that mummy and Vit E therapy improved gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity via inhibition of lipid peroxidation. © 2016, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved