Comparison of salivary level of leptin in chronic periodontitis patients and healthy controls

Objectives Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition of the tooth-supporting structures. Leptin is a hormone produced by the human body under different circumstances such as infection. It affects the production of cytokines, phagocytosis and the inflammation process. This study aimed to compare the salivary level of leptin in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and healthy controls.Methods In this case-control study, saliva samples were collected from 43 subjects including 22 CP patients and 21 healthy controls. The salivary level of leptin was determined using the ELISA. Data were analyzed by the independent t-test.Results Despite the presence of leptin in the saliva of CP patients and healthy controls, no significant difference was noted in its salivary concentration between the two groups (p>0.05).Conclusion The salivary level of leptin in CP patients was not significantly different from that in healthy controls. Further studies with larger sample size are required to confirm the results of this stud

Comparison of Er:YAG Laser and Hand Instrumentation on the Attachment of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts to Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces

BackgroundThe present study compared the effects of Er:YAG laser and hand instrumentation on the attachment of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells to periodontally involved root surfaces.MethodsA total of 40 tooth specimens were collected and treated in four distinct groups: scaled and root planed with hand instruments, treated with Er:YAG laser, treated with combination of hand instruments and Er:YAG laser and non-treated control group. The attachment and proliferation rate of HGF were assessed using MTT assay and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Examination was used for cell morphological evaluation.ResultsThe MTT assay showed significantly decrease in HGF cell viability in both hand instruments only and combination treated teeth specimens compared to control specimens (p<0.05), 24 hours after cell seeding. However, at time 48, the cell viability of attached cells in these two treated groups was almost similar to control.  In contrast, at 24 and 48 hours after cell seeding, viability of attached cells was higher than control in Er:YAG laser treated only specimens (p<0.05). According to SEM study, the laser treated specimens showed more surface roughness.ConclusionsEr:YAG laser increased attachment and proliferation of HGF cells in comparison with hand instruments method

Is there an effect of crown-to-implant ratio on implant treatment outcomes? A systematic review

Objectives: High crown-to-implant ratios may lead to complications due to unfavorable occlusal forces, including nonaxial forces, on the bone surrounding the neck of the implant and within the connection of the crown and implant itself. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on the influence of crown-to-implant ratio of single-tooth, nonsplinted, implants on biological and technical complications. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE (1950-January 2018), EMBASE (1966-January 2018), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database (1800-January 2018) were searched to identify eligible studies. Inclusion criteria were as follows: crown-to-implant ratio of single-tooth, nonsplinted, implant-supported restorations in the posterior maxilla or mandible and follow-up of at least 1 year. Main outcome measures were as follows: implant survival rate, marginal bone level changes, biological complications, and technical complications. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles. A meta-analysis was carried out for implant survival rate and peri-implant bone changes. Results: Of 154 primarily selected articles, eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Study groups presented a mean crown-to-implant ratio varying from 0.86 (with 10-mm implants) to 2.14 (with 6-mm implants). The meta-analysis showed an implant survival of more than 99% per year and mean peri-implant bone changes of Conclusion: Data reviewed in the current manuscript on crown-to-implant ratio, ranging from 0.86 to 2.14, of single-tooth, nonsplinted, implants did not demonstrate a high occurrence of biological or technical complications

The Modified Continuous Double Locking Suture: A Novel Suturing Approach in Dental Implant Surgery

Introduction: An alternative to interrupted sutures for implant surgery at sites of edentulous ridges is the continuous locking suture, however it tends to loosen and time-consuming as the result. Methods and Materials: The modified continuous double locking suture is a modification of continuous locking suture, which is designed to approximate flap margins of an edentulous area. Results: Application of modified continuous double locking suture, reduces the chance of suture loosening by adding an extra knot at each area. Conclusion: By utilizing modified continuous double locking suture, it is easier to manipulate flap margins; nonetheless, more studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy in dental practice

Is The Periapical lesion a Risk For Periimplantitis? (A review)

Conventional implant dentistry has been limited to healed edentulous ridges with adequate bone. Predictable success rates resulted in using dental implants in compromised situations such as insertion into old infected sites or near to pathological areas. There is significant data about marginal bone loss and lack of osseointegration around the neck of implants. However, the data about peri apical implant bone loss is really rare.An electronic search was carried in PubMed regarding articles in the time period from 1980 to 2011. Subsequent manual search was performed included all animal and human case series and clinical trials. Reported success rates and treatment options were calculated in a systematic manner.There is conflicted data showing a relatively accepted success of implantation immediately after removal of infection directly or indirectly in contact with the apical portion of the implants. However, some complications may happen that must be managed.The available data about the periapical implant pathologies is relatively inadequate. However, concluded data represents some clinical comments in order to reduce the complexities

Effects of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Proliferation and Viability of Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Objectives: Platelet preparations are commonly used to enhance bone and soft tissue regeneration. Considering the existing controversies on the efficacy of platelet products for tissue regeneration, more in vitro studies are required. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro effects of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on proliferation and viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and Methods: Anitua's PRGF and Choukran's PRF were prepared according to the standard protocols. After culture periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours, proliferation of HGFs was evaluated by the methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer’s multiple comparisons and P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: PRGF treatment induced statistically significant (P<0.001) proliferation of HGF cells compared to the negative control (100% viability) at 24, 48 and 72 hours in values of 123%±2.25%, 102%±2.8% and 101%±3.92%, respectively. The PRF membrane treatment of HGF cells had a statistically significant effect on cell proliferation (21%±1.73%, P<0.001) at 24 hours compared to the negative control. However, at 48 and 72 hours after treatment, PRF had a negative effect on HGF cell proliferation and caused 38% and 60% decrease in viability and proliferation compared to the negative control, respectively. The HGF cell proliferation was significantly higher in PRGF than in PRF group (P< 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that PRGF had a strong stimulatory effect on HGF cell viability and proliferation compared to PRF

Biologic Width around Dental Implants: An Updated Review

Soft tissue-implant interface is an important anatomical feature contributing to the long-term success of dental implants. Based on the available evidence, different factors may influence biological width around implants including the surgical technique, implant loading, implant surface properties, abutment materials, implant position, and width of the peri-implant mucosa. The purpose of the present review was critical evaluation of the available data, regarding the factors that may influence the biologic width around implants and their subsequent effect on clinical performance of implants. Available literature on this subject published primarily in English from 1921 to 2014, was found by searching several electronic databases and by hand searching relevant journals as well. Totally, 70 relevant articles were selected for this narrative review. The structure of peri-implant mucosa has many similarities, as well as differences with its periodontal counterpart. Most studies report larger values for peri-implant biologic width compared to that of natural teeth. This literature review yielded contradictory data regarding the dimensions of the biologic width when different influential factors were taken into account.

In Vitro Study of Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Line

The ultimate goal of the periodontal treatments is a regeneration of periodontium. Recently, laser irradiations are commonly used to improve wound repair. Because of many controversies about the effects of laser on soft tissue regeneration, more in vitro studies are still needed. The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the effects of different doses of Er:YAG (erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, garnet) and Er, Cr:YSGG (erbium, chromium-doped: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet) laser treatment on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) proliferation. In this randomized single-blind controlled in vitro trial, HGF cells were irradiated using Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG laser for 10 and 30 seconds or remained unexposed as a control group. After a culture period of 24 and 48 hours, HGF cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The data were subjected to one-sided analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison tests. Our results showed Er:YAG application for 10 and 30 seconds as well as Er, Cr:YSGG irradiation for 10 and 30 seconds induced statistically significant (P<0.05) proliferation of HGF cells as compared with the control at 24 hours up to 18.39%, 26.22%, 21.21%, and 17.06% respectively. In 48 hour incubations, Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG irradiation for 10 and 30 seconds significantly increased cellular proliferation up to 22.9%, 32.24%, 30.52% and 30.02% respectively (P<0.05). This study demonstrates that Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG laser significantly increased HGF cell proliferation compared to the control specimens. This higher proliferation can lead to increased wound repair in clinical conditions