10 research outputs found

    Chitosan microparticles as injectable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

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    [Excerpt] Microparticles may be used as a support for the adhesion and proliferation of cells. Therefore, the combination of isolated particles and previously incubated cells on their surface may have potential to be used, in the form of a suspension with media, as an injectable scaffold in the context of tissue regeneration: on expects that the particles might agglomerate after the implantation as a consequence of cells proliferation and extracellular matrix production. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Regenerative and resorbable PLA/HA hybrid construct for tendon/ligament tissue engineering

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    [EN] Tendon and ligament shows extremely limited endogenous regenerative capacity. Current treatments are based on the replacement and or augmentation of the injured tissue but the repaired tissue rarely achieve functionality equal to that of the preinjured tissue. To address this challenge, tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy. This study develops a regenerative and resorbable hybrid construct for tendon and ligament engineering. The construct is made up by a hollow poly-lactic acid braid with embedded microspheres carrying cells and an anti-adherent coating, with all the parts being made of biodegradable materials. This assembly intends to regenerate the tissue starting from the interior of the construct towards outside while it degrades. Fibroblasts cultured on poly lactic acid and hyaluronic acid microspheres for 6 h were injected into the hollow braid and the construct was cultured for 14 days. The cells thus transported into the lumen of the construct were able to migrate and adhere to the braid fibers naturally, leading to a homogeneous proliferation inside the braid. Moreover, no cells were found on the outer surface of the coating. Altogether, this study demonstrated that PLA/HA hybrid construct could be a promising material for tendon and ligament repair.This work was supported by AITEX (Textil Research Institute, Alcoi, Alicante, Spain) through the researching contract "Development of braided biomaterials for biomedical applications'' and also funded by AEI "RTI2018-095872-B-C21 and C22/ERDF''.Araque-Monrós, MC.; García-Cruz, DM.; Escobar-Ivirico, JL.; Gil-Santos, L.; Monleón Pradas, M.; Más Estellés, J. (2020). Regenerative and resorbable PLA/HA hybrid construct for tendon/ligament tissue engineering. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 48(2):757-767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02403-0S757767482Aktas, E., C. S. Chamberlain, E. E. Saether, S. E. 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Chitosan modified poly(l-lactide) microspheres as cell microcarriers for cartilage tissue engineering. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 66(2):218, 2008.Lu, H. H., J. A. Cooper, S. Manuel, J. W. Freeman, M. A. Attawia, F. K. Ko, and C. T. Laurencin. Anterior cruciate ligament regeneration using braided biodegradable scaffolds: in vitro optimization studies. Biomaterials 26(23):4805, 2005.Mengstreab, P. Y., L. S. Nair, and C. T. Laurencin. The past, present and future of ligament regenerative engineering. Regen. Med. 11(8):871, 2016.Molloy, T., Y. Wang, and G. A. C. Murrell. The roles of growth factors in tendon and ligament healing. Sports Med. 33(5):381, 2003.Murray, A. W., and M. F. Macnicol. 10–16 year results of Leeds–Keio anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee 11(1):9, 2004.Nelson, C. M., and C. S. Chen. Cell–cell signaling by direct contact increases cell proliferation via a PI3K-dependent signal. FEBS Lett. 514(2–3):238, 2002.Nixon, A. J., A. E. Watts, and L. V. Schnabel. 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    Gelatin microparticles aggregates as three-dimensional scaffolding system in cartilage engineering

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    A three-dimensional (3D) scaffolding system for chondrocytes culture has been produced by agglomeration of cells and gelatin microparticles with a mild centrifuging process. The diameter of the microparticles, around 10 μ, was selected to be in the order of magnitude of the chondrocytes. No gel was used to stabilize the construct that maintained consistency just because of cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion to the substrate. In one series of samples the microparticles were charged with transforming growth factor, TGF-β1. The kinetics of growth factor delivery was assessed. The initial delivery was approximately 48 % of the total amount delivered up to day 14. Chondrocytes that had been previously expanded in monolayer culture, and thus dedifferentiated, adopted in this 3D environment a round morphology, both with presence or absence of growth factor delivery, with production of ECM that intermingles with gelatin particles. The pellet was stable from the first day of culture. Cell viability was assessed by MTS assay, showing higher absorption values in the cell/unloaded gelatin microparticle pellets than in cell pellets up to day 7. Nevertheless the absorption drops in the following culture times. On the contrary the cell viability of cell/TGF-β1 loaded gelatin microparticle pellets was constant during the 21 days of culture. The formation of actin stress fibres in the cytoskeleton and type I collagen expression was significantly reduced in both cell/gelatin microparticle pellets (with and without TGF-β1) with respect to cell pellet controls. Total type II collagen and sulphated glycosaminoglycans quantification show an enhancement of the production of ECM when TGF-β1 is delivered, as expected because this growth factor stimulate the chondrocyte proliferation and improve the functionality of the tissue.JLGR acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Education through project No. MAT2010-21611-C03-01 (including the FEDER financial support). The support of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the CIBER initiative of the Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) is also acknowledged

    Dielectric relaxation spectrum of poly (ε-caprolactone) networks hydrophilized by copolymerization with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate

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    The dielectric relaxation spectrum of polycaprolactone (PCL) networks hydrophilized with different amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is investigated. PCL is a semicrystalline polyester with a complex relaxation spectrum that includes the main α relaxation and two secondary modes (β, γ) at lower temperatures. The overlapping of the different relaxational modes was split by using several Havriliak-Negami functions. Crosslinking the material modifies the dynamics of the main relaxation process as reflected by the parameters that characterize the Vogel behavior of the process and the dynamic fragility. The incorporation of HEA units in the network results in a material with microphase separation: two α processes are detected, the one corresponding to the PCL chains and the new one associated to nanometric regions that contain different amount of both comonomers. The incorporation of the HEA units in the system involves the presence of a new βsw relaxation due to the link of two side chains by water molecules through hydrogen bonding

    Microcomputed tomography and microfinite element modeling for evaluating polymer scaffolds architecture and their mechanical properties

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    Detailed knowledge of the porous architecture of synthetic scaffolds for tissue engineering, their mechanical properties, and their interrelationship was obtained in a nondestructive manner. Image analysis of microcomputed tomography (μCT) sections of different scaffolds was done. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the scaffold allows one to quantify scaffold porosity, including pore size, pore distribution, and struts' thickness. The porous morphology and porosity as calculated from μCT by image analysis agrees with that obtained experimentally by scanning electron microscopy and physically measured porosity, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the scaffold were evaluated by making use of finite element modeling (FEM) in which the compression stress–strain test is simulated on the 3D structure reconstructed from the μCT sections. Elastic modulus as calculated from FEM is in agreement with those obtained from the stress–strain experimental test. The method was applied on qualitatively different porous structures (interconnected channels and spheres) with different chemical compositions (that lead to different elastic modulus of the base material) suitable for tissue regeneration. The elastic properties of the constructs are explained on the basis of the FEM model that supports the main mechanical conclusion of the experimental results: the elastic modulus does not depend on the geometric characteristics of the pore (pore size, interconnection throat size) but only on the total porosity of the scaffold

    Molecular mobility in biodegradable poly(e-caprolactone)/poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) networks

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    [EN] Poly( ε -caprolactone)/poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) networks have been investigated by thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The introduction of hydrophilic units (HEA) in the system aiming at tailoring the hydrophilicity of the system results in a series of copolymer networks with microphase separation into hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains. Polycaprolactone (PCL) crystallization is prevented by the topological constraints HEA units imposed in such heterogeneous domains. Moreover, the mobility of the amorphous PCL chains is enhanced as revealed by the main relaxation process which becomes faster. The glass transition of PHEA-rich domains shifts to lower temperatures, as the total amount of PCL in the copolymer increases, due to the presence of PCL units within the same region. The behaviour of the copolymer networks swollen with different content of water has been investigated to analyze the interaction between water molecules and hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains and provide further insights into the molecular structure of the system.RSS acknowledges Generalitat Valenciana for the support through the grant BEST/2008. JLEI acknowledges the support of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through the "Campus de Excelencia Internacional" program consistent with Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. The support of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through projects MAT2009-14440-C02-01 and MAT2008-06434 is acknowledged. 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    Structure and dynamics in poly(L-lactide) copolymer networks

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    Poly(L-lactide) networks (PmLA) hydrophilized with different amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) were investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, thermally stimulated depolarization currents, and differential scanning calorimetry. The incorporation of HEA units in the PmLA network, with the aim of modulating the water sorption capacity of the system, results in a material with a complex behavior. The system consists of phase-separated microdomains richer in one or the other comonomers that constitute the network. Initially, the addition of smalls amount of HEA units in the network gives rise to a one-phase, two-component system; however, when the amount of HEA in the system increases, a new phase (HEA-rich one) is formed containing some mLA chains that modify the main relaxation mode of these domains and the local dynamics of the system. The structure of the system has been analyzed by comparing the relaxational modes in the PmLA and PHEA homonetworks with those in the copolymer networks
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