El abuso juvenil de alcohol: estimaciones count data

En este trabajo analizamos los determinantes del consumo abusivo de alcohol entre los jóvenes españoles. Con este fin, adoptamos un enfoque psicosocial que formulamos empíricamente estimando diversos modelos count data (Poisson, binomial negativo, Poisson con exceso de ceros y binomial negativo con exceso de ceros) a partir de la información disponible en las tres olas de la Encuesta sobre Drogas a la Población Escolar correspondientes a 1996, 1998 y 2000. Los resultados muestran que los factores físicos (sexo y edad), así como los determinantes psicosociales (entornos familiar, escolar y local) son clave en la explicación de la probabilidad y la frecuencia de consumo abusivo de alcohol.Determinantes psicosociales, consumo abusivo de alcohol, jóvenes, modelos count data.

Analyzing differences between different types of pro-environmental behaviors: Do attitude intensity and type of knowledge matter?

This study explores whether the associations between general environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors are heterogeneous and whether these associations depend on attitude intensity and the specific pro-environmental behavior. The study also examines the association between objective and subjective knowledge and behavior and the relationship with socioeconomic and personal characteristics. Mixed effects logistic regressions were performed using data from a representative nationwide survey of Spanish citizens aged 18 to 90 years (N = 2495). The results revealed interesting patterns of heterogeneity. First, only curtailment behaviors (separating trash and using street trash cans) were significantly associated with general environmental attitudes. This result was observed only for the highest level of environmental attitudes. Second, whereas subjective knowledge was associated with all pro-environmental behaviors, objective knowledge was only associated with efficiency behavior (using energy-efficient light bulbs). Finally, men showed lower levels of reported behavior than women for all pro-environmental activities. The policy implications of these findings are discussed

Predictors of adolescent truancy: The importance of cyberbullying, peer behavior, and parenting style

This study extends the truancy literature by exploring correlates of both committing truancy and the numbers of days truant among Spanish secondary school students. The study incorporates cyberbullying, peer truancy and parenting style as key predictors. Several count data regression models are estimated using a nationally representative survey of Spanish students (N = 37,476; Mage = 15.73; 50.9 % females). The results suggest that cyberbullying and parenting style play a significant role in a student’s decision to commit truancy, while peer truancy plays a significant role in both the decision of whether or not to commit truancy (OR = 1.61) and the number of days truant (IRR = 1.41). These results suggest that reducing cyberbullying and promoting specific parenting styles may serve to reduce truancy, and that this direct effect or reduction could be further increased indirectly via peer or social multipliers

A quantitative analysis of factors related to adolescent cybervictimization in Spain: A multilevel logistic regression approach

Building on ecological systems theory, this study seeks to explain cybervictimization as the result of interactions among microsystems (parents and close friends), mesosystems (the school environment), and potential vulnerability factors of adolescents. Internet addiction is proposed as a key risk factor that increases adolescents’ likelihood of suffering cyberbullying. A multilevel logistic regression is performed using data from a nationally representative sample of school students in Spain aged 14 to 18 years (n = 35,369). The survey was carried out by the Spanish Government’s Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs. Results show that high levels of Internet addiction and a lack of support from family and friends increase the probability of suffering cyberbullying. The association between being cyberbullied and Internet addiction is stronger when students lack support from family and friends. School factors such as academic grades and repetition as well as vulnerability factors such as parents’ employment and immigrant status are also associated with higher cybervictimization levels. Implications for policymakers and public health managers are highlighted

Understanding organic food consumption in the European Union: the interaction between health and environmental consumer's goals

PurposeBased on goal-directed behavior, this study explores the direct effects and the interaction between health and environmental concerns as the main drivers of organic food consumption. Consumer's economic problems are proposed as the main barrier for such behavior from a cost-benefit approach theoretically grounded on decision theory.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using the 26,669 European 95.1 wave participants of the Eurobarometer survey. Logistic regression estimates are used to analyze the hypotheses postulated.FindingsThe results indicated the significant association of both health and environmental concerns with organic food consumption, as well as the existence of an interactive effect between both consumer goals. As a novel finding, health concern weakens the influence of environmental concern on organic food consumption. Consumer's economic problems harms the expansion of organic food consumption as well as other socio-demographic factors included as control variables.Originality/valueFor the first time, this research explores the interaction effect between health and environmental concerns as antecedents of organic food consumption. The study argues that these consumer goals present differential features in terms of individual importance, feasibility, abstractness and outcome demonstrability, resulting in a prevalence of health over environmental goals for some consumers. The research provides not only novel insights for understanding organic food consumption but also provides additional evidence for practitioners to develop sales strategies and policymakers to formulate policies to guide the promotion of this so desired example of sustainable consumption

Factores asociados al juego en máquinas tragaperras en la población joven española

A partir de la legalización de los juegos de azar en el año 1977, la población española ha experimentado un cambio en su conducta a medida que el juego se ha implantado en la vida diaria de los ciudadanos mayores y menores de edad. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la decisión de jugar a las máquinas tragaperras de la población de entre 14 y 18 años y residentes en España. Método: Modelo de regresión logística donde la variable dependiente es si los jóvenes juegan o no a las máquinas tragaperras. Los datos necesarios para el modelo econométrico provienen de la encuesta ESTUDES 2014. Resultados: Factores como la edad, ser chico, recibir mayor renta semanal, la frecuencia de observar fumando al padre, recibir afecto de los amigos y fijar pocas reglas fuera de casa están asociados con la decisión de jugar; en cambio, el afecto recibido por parte de los padres y la fijación de reglas claras están asociados con la decisión de no jugar. Conclusiones: Este trabajo permite obtener una visión sobre los determinantes que llevan a los jóvenes a consumir productos de ocio, en este caso, las máquinas tragaperras, resaltando el efecto que los modelos parentales tienen sobre las decisiones de juegos de la población joven.<br /

"Análisis de las características socioeconómicas que afectan al reciclaje de plásticos."

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar la situación del medio ambiente en relación con los residuos plásticos. En la primera parte del trabajo nos centraremos en analizar los efectos que estos residuos y su reciclaje tienen en el ámbito económico y social, así como el progreso que ha acontecido con el paso del tiempo. Nos ceñiremos en los efectos que han producido los plásticos y su buen o mal tratamiento, así como su reciclaje, un término clave en la conservación del medio ambiente.En la segunda parte del trabajo se investiga sobre las características socioeconómicas asociadas al reciclaje de plásticos en el año 2015 por parte de la población española. Así, se analizarán diferentes variables como la zona geográfica, sexo, edad, etc, las cuáles nos permitirán obtener información sobre el perfil de las personas que reciclan plásticos. <br /

PREDICTORES DEL CONSUMO DEL TABACO EN LOS ADOLESCENTES EN ESPAÑA

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo influyen las variables sociodemográficas en el consumo de tabaco en la población joven en España. La primera parte, aborda las consecuencias del consumo en la salud y los motivos sociales y psicológicos que inducen a fumar. También se habla de los diferentes momentos que ha tenido a lo largo de la historia. En el aspecto económico, se muestran las distintas partes de la cadena de valor en España.La segunda parte, consiste en un estudio analítico, basado en datos obtenidos de la encuesta ESTUDES. Para comenzar, se busca la relación de una serie de variables, como Renta y Sexo, con el consumo del tabaco. Para ello, se estiman diversos modelos llamados Poisson, Negative Binomial, Zero Inflated Poisson y Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial.A partir de estos modelos, se realiza una interpretación de sus ratios de tipo Odds y Irr,para saber la influencia de las variables en el consumo. Por último, se elegirá el modelo mejor ajustado, mediante diversos contrastes, rotogramas y el criterio AIC.<br /

COVID-19 related policies: The role of environmental concern in understanding citizens’ preferences

COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide. Many governments of the world have accelerated an adoption of public policies to address this crisis; however, a trade-off between the economy and public health exists. Previous studies in this area have mainly focused on the impact of COVID-19 on human life and the environment. This work adds to the literature by analyzing how individual environmental concern can affect citizens'' preferences for public policies that deal with COVID-19. A data set of 26, 131 participants from 26 countries was used to test the research model. Results indicate that environmental concern is positively associated with a preference for long-term oriented altruistic policies, and it shapes the relationship between economic and health problems at the country level on our dependent variable. Specifically, as the level of environmental concern increases, the negative effect of COVID-19''s economic problems on the preference for long-term altruistic policies is diminished. In turn, in the case of health problems, the impact on the preference for long-term altruistic policies increases as environmental concern increases. Also, both individual-level and country-level characteristics affect citizens'' preferences for policies related to the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 The Author