472 research outputs found
Cosmological parameter inference with Bayesian statistics
Bayesian statistics and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms have found
their place in the field of Cosmology. They have become important mathematical
and numerical tools, especially in parameter estimation and model comparison.
In this paper, we review some fundamental concepts to understand Bayesian
statistics and then introduce MCMC algorithms and samplers that allow us to
perform the parameter inference procedure. We also introduce a general
description of the standard cosmological model, known as the CDM
model, along with several alternatives, and current datasets coming from
astrophysical and cosmological observations. Finally, with the tools acquired,
we use an MCMC algorithm implemented in python to test several cosmological
models and find out the combination of parameters that best describes the
Universe.Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in Universe;
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Model selection applied to non-parametric reconstructions of the Dark Energy
The main aim of this paper is to perform a model comparison for
non-parametric reconstructions of the key properties that describe the dark
energy of the Universe i.e. energy density and the equation of state (EoS). We
carry out this process by using a binning and a linear interpolation
methodologies, and on the top of that, we incorporate a correlation function
mechanism. An extension of the two of them was also introduced, where internal
amplitudes are allowed to vary in height as well as in position. The
reconstructions were made with data from the Hubble parameter, Supernovae Type
Ia and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (H+SN+BAO), all of which span a range from
to . First we perform the parameter estimation for each of the
reconstructions to then provide a model selection through the Bayesian
Evidence. Throughout our process we found a better fit to the data, up to
compared to CDM, and the presence of some interesting
features, i.e. an oscillatory behaviour at late times, a decrease in the dark
energy density component at early times and a transition to the phantom
divide-line in the EoS. To discern these features from noisy contributions, we
include a principal component analysis and found that some of these
characteristics should be taken into account to satisfy observations.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
The state of the dark energy equation of state circa 2023
We critically examine the state of current constraints on the dark energy
(DE) equation of state (EoS) . Our study is partially motivated by the
observation that, while broadly consistent with the cosmological constant value
, several independent probes appear to point towards a slightly phantom
EoS (). We pay attention to the apparent preference for phantom
DE from Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data alone, whose origin we
study in detail and attribute to a wide range of (physical and geometrical)
effects. We deem the combination of Planck CMB, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations,
Type Ia Supernovae, and Cosmic Chronometers data to be particularly
trustworthy, inferring from this final consensus dataset
, in excellent agreement with the cosmological
constant value. Overall, despite a few scattered hints, we find no compelling
evidence forcing us away from the cosmological constant (yet).Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, 3 table
Health-Related Conditions and Depression in Elderly Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White Residents of a United States-Mexico Border County: Moderating Effects of Educational Attainment
We investigated the prevalence of “high” levels of depressive symptomatology and 13 health-related medical conditions in elderly Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) residents of El Paso County, Texas. We analyzed the extent to which depressive symptoms in this population are associated with these conditions. Elderly MA residents possessed a higher prevalence of current depression, a relatively unique health-related condition profile, and were more likely to experience a set of conditions that impede participation in daily life—conditions that we found to be strongly associated with high depressive symptomatology in the elderly. After adjusting for educational attainment, using multiple regression analyses, depression was not associated with ethnicity and only six of the health related conditions showed significant differences between MA and NHW subjects. We believe these results provide an important insight into the mechanism of health-related conditions and depressive symptomatology in a large sample of elderly MAs; and how conditions typically attributed to MA ethnicity may in actuality be an artifact of socioeconomic status variables such as educational-attainment
Root Density in \u3cem\u3ePanicum maximum\u3c/em\u3e cv. Tanzania Monoculture and in a Mixture with \u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e with Different Densities in Mexico
In Yucatan cattle production is limited by forage availability during the dry season. L. leucocephala has good nutritive value (24 - 30% CP) and can stand drought and grazing, therefore its use in mixture with grasses is recommended. However, in association both species could compete for light, water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of introduction of L. leucocephala with different densities on root density of P. maximum
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Targeting hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase for lignin modification in Brachypodium distachyon
This article conducts a study to evaluate the utility of Hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) as a target for lignin modification in a species with an “incomplete” shikimate shunt. Results imply that this gene is a preferred target for biotechnological improvement of grasses for bioprocessing
Prioritizing research for integrated implementation of early childhood development and maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition platforms
Gastrointestinal cancer: Relationship between histology and microbiota
Este trabajo fue presentado como comunicación tipo póster en el citado congreso.Objectives: Review of the published literature concerning the relationship between microbiome and gastrointestinal cancer.
Methods: Present work is focused on systematic research in the most prominent biomedical databases finds relevant works in Pubmed and the library’s catalog of the University of Málaga (Jábega) of published journals in the last 5 years.
Results: In this work, the mechanisms used by the microbiome to damage gastrointestinal epithelial cells and cause cancer are explained. Some of them are the dysbiosis, destruction of the mucosal barrier, chronic inflammation, damage caused by metabolites produced in the digestion and the direct attack of certain toxins to the cell’s DNA. These mechanisms adjust the immune response, by activation or inhibition using different cytokines. There is also a deeper look into several microorganisms and how they cause gastrointestinal cancer using toxins or virulence factors to activate them.
Conclusions: The evidence found so far about the microbiota and gastrointestinal cancer is enough to assume the relationship between them, although there is much left to research. With these findings, it can be expected that in a near future certain microorganisms could be used for screening purposes, due to their increase in early stages of the tumor genesis and also, in a preventive way to try to eradicate them, even avoid cancer. Studies on the microbiota are hardly beginning, and results appear to be promising.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees
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