Ecclesiastical strategy as a factor on territorial organization in Santa Ana de Guadalupe, Jalisco, Mexico

Objective: The objective was to study the territorial organization strategy of local actors; church, government and population that influence and current organization of the Santa Ana de Guadalupe locality through the canonization of priest Toribio Romo. Design/methodology/approach: The local development methodology was applied, through specific interviews with representatives of social actors, church, government, and population. Results: It was found that the infrastructure and equipment of the Sanctuary that receives more than 700 thousand visitors a year, presents potentials, strengths and limitations in the locality. Through the analysis of the territory in the economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental axes. It is shown that local development is a process of the growth and structural change where the interest of the locality is to increase employment, satisfy the needs and demands of pilgrims, as well as the proper use of local resources and potential to improve the standard of living of the population. Limitations on study/implications: The strategies of cooperation and knowledge of the ecclesiastical actors together with the government and the local population through organization contribute to the transformation of Santa Ana de Guadalupe. Findings/conclusions: It was observed that social actors (church, government and population) actively collaborate, specifically in ecclesiastical activities for the development of strategies (organization, cooperation) for encourage local development.Objective: The objective was to study the territorial organization strategy of local actors;church, government and population that influenced the evolution and currentorganization of the town of Santa Ana de Guadalupe after the canonization of the priestToribio Romo.Design / Methodology / Approach: The local development methodology was applied,through specific interviews with representatives of social partners; local church,government, and population.Results: It was found that the infrastructure and equipment of the Saint’s Temple, whichreceives more than 700 thousand visitors a year, shows potentialities, strengths andlimitations at the locality. Analyzing the territory, through its economic, political, socio-cultural, and environmental axes, it was noted that local development is a process ofgrowth and structural change in which the main interest of the town is to increaseemployment and meeting the needs and demands of religious pilgrims. As well as favorthe appropriate use of the resources, and over-all potential of the locality in order toimprove the standard of living of the population.Limitations of the study / Implications: The strategies of cooperation and knowledgeof the ecclesiastical agents in conjunction with the government and local populationthrough joint organization contribute to the transformation of Santa Ana de Guadalupe. Findings / Conclusions: It was observed that social partners (church, government and population) collaborate actively. Particularly in ecclesiastical activities to develop strategies (as organization and cooperation) to promote the local development

Regionalization of fish production in Mexico based on production value data in MXN pesos.

Objective: Generate a fishing regionalization activity in Mexico based on the economic criteria due to thevalue of fishery production.Design/Methodology/Approach: Socioeconomic data was taken as well as analyzed from the StatisticalYearbook of Aquaculture and Fisheries of fisheries in Mexico. Subsequently, the findings were organizedin a database with geospatial referent reclassified into nominal or ordinal qualitative statistical values. Thereclassification process was done through the use of a Geographic Information System, specifically withArcview 3.2 software, which allowed the generation of geostatistical analysis procedures through the use ofthe Kriging tool.Results: The results are displayed in a visually referenced database shown on a map constructed by datavectorization. The regionalization map of fisheries in Mexico is based on economic criteria of production valueclassified in four zones with different fishing priority.Limitations/implications: The lack of studies and social, economic and productive indexes of the Mexicanfishery is a limitation in the work of regionalization of fishing activity.Findings/conclusions: The efficiency of the use of Kriging as a multispecific analysis tool can be proven.The proposed regionalization is based solely on the monetary value, an item that has a greater weight inthe decisions made by the institutions, due to its importance in terms of Mexico’s Gross Domestic Product.These criteria together with the use of computational tools allowed the geolocalized regional categorizationof zones with similar characteristics classified into four fishing regions according to their degree of economicimportance: low, medium, high and main

2030 agenda and its considerations in the framework of artisanal fishing cooperatives in Mexico

Objective: Analyze the objectives proposed by the UN, linking them in a theoretical and practical way with the real situation of artisanal fishing cooperativism in Mexico, opposing the theoretical scope of the 2030 Agenda vs. the real praxis of artisanal fishing communities. Design/methodology/approach: Through the application of a Participatory Rapid Assessment Workshop, the points of the 2030 Agenda were discussed with three artisanal fishing communities in Mexico. The participants got to know in a theoretical way the objectives presented by the UN, they selected those that, in their opinion, are an important and punctual part of their fishing activity, to later analyze these objectives and compare them with their practical reality.   Results: Conclusions, proposals and points were obtained by the social subjects recognizing as a general argument that for the Mexican artisanal fishing cooperativism the objectives of the 2030 Agenda are possible as long as the action strategy promotes a cooperative culture with community values ??and social bond, respect for their environment and way of life, as well as the sustainability of the sea as an object of work. Limitations of the study/implications: The main implication was the enormous importance that exists in bringing the theoretical considerations of international organizations and decision makers to the social base where these proposals operate. , since these spaces create discussions that allow the necessary theoretical-practical analysis in the social sciences. Finding/conclusions: The neoliberal global economic system is the main disagreement of the 2030 Agenda. The Agenda encourages developed countries to support underdeveloped countries with knowledge, technology and investments to achieve sustainability, but it does not recognize local knowledge, uses and customs of developing countries as an effective alternative.Objective: To analyze the objectives proposed by the UN, linking them in a theoretical and practical way with the real condition of artisanal fishing cooperatives in Mexico, contrasting the theoretical scope of the 2030 Agenda vs. the real praxis of the communities of artisanal fishermen. Design / Methodology / Approach: Through the application of a Participatory Rapid Appraisal Workshop (PRAW) points of the Agenda 2030 were discussed with three artisanal fishing communities in Mexico. The participants learned in a theoretical way the objectives presented by the UN; selected those that in their opinion are important and punctual parts of their fishing activity; and then analyzed these objectives comparing them with their practical daily reality. Results: Conclusions and clarifications were obtained from the social subjects in which it was recognized as a general argument that for the Mexican artisanal fishing cooperatives framework the objectives of the 2030 Agenda are possible as long as the action strategy promotes a cooperative culture with community values and social bonds; respect for their environment and way of life; as well as the sustainability of the ocean as their means of work. Limitations / Implications of the study: the main implication noticed was the enormous importance that exists towards delivering theoretical considerations from international organizations and decision makers, to the social base who operates these proposals. These spaces create discussions that allow the theoretical analysis of practical needs which is mandatory in the social sciences. Findings / Conclusions: The neoliberal globalized economic system is the main disagreement for the 2030 Agenda. The 2030 Agenda encourages developed countries to support under-developed countries with knowledge, technology and investments to achieve sustainability. However, the Agenda does not recognize local knowledge, use forms and customs in those developing countries, as effective operational alternatives

Perception of and adaptability to the effects of climate change in a rural community of the State of Mexico

Objective: To analyze the population’s perception of recent changes in climate patterns and the actions they have taken to adapt to these changes in the El Saltillo community, Municipality of Jilotepec.Design/methodology/approach: A survey was carried out between September and October 2022, answered online. Social networking and WhatsApp groups were used to disseminate the invitation to participate in the Survey; 96 responses were received, of which 30 were answered on site together with the respondent. Aspects such as socioeconomic data, conceptualization and perception of climate change and adaptability actions were measured.Results: All the survey respondents mentioned that they perceive strong changes in droughts and frosts inthe last 10-15 years. Of them, 96% stated that they had heard the term climate change in different media; however, it is not a concept that is used to explain the changes that take place in the community. As a result of these changes, the population has chosen to build or enlarge rainwater container mounds for agricultural and livestock use, improve the physical condition of the stables, and begin to use precocious corn seed or more adapted varieties of improved corn.Limitations on study/implications: The application of surveys online is a feasible and economical option that implies the need to implement data validation, control and verification mechanisms, as well as sampling  of the results.Findings/conclusions: Adaptation strategies to climate change were identified, showing that they are not spontaneous actions and that they have emerged empirically through daily contact with the phenomenon

Sustainability Assessment of Two Farming Systems

Objective: Assess the sustainability of two agricultural production systems (native maize and improved maize) by applying the MESMIS methodology Design/methodology/approach: Knowing the social, economic and environmental factors that make up the production systems in the municipality of Jilotepec, State of Mexico, as well as their forms of management, allow us to develop strategies for sustainable rural development. The study contemplated at 30 production systems and compared the level of sustainability between producers of native maize and improved maize. The collection of information in the field was carried out in September 2022 and consisted of participatory workshops, semi-structured interviews and surveys; this information was complemented by soil sampling to analyze fertility Results: The two systems studied have high costs of agricultural production and high dependence on external inputs, especially those using improved maize. Most systems depend on external economic income. Agriculture is increasingly exposed to the conditions of drought and changes in rainfall regimes, in this situation having livestock becomes an important economic support. Changing climate conditions are forcing people to implement adaptability measures. Regionally the soil is fertile and suitable for corn cultivation. The perception of happiness of the inhabitants interviewed is high, they consider that the quality of life is good and therefore do not migrate Findings/conclusions: The present study is the result of the integrated analysis of several methodologies used in the measurement of sustainability indicators

Behavioural and Developmental Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Systematic Review

Background: Much controversy exists regarding the clinical efficacy of behavioural and developmental interventions for improving the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of behavioural and developmental interventions for ASD. Methods and Findings: Comprehensive searches were conducted in 22 electronic databases through May 2007. Further information was obtained through hand searching journals, searching reference lists, databases of theses and dissertations, and contacting experts in the field. Experimental and observational analytic studies were included if they were written in English and reported the efficacy of any behavioural or developmental intervention for individuals with ASD. Two independent reviewers made the final study selection, extracted data, and reached consensus on study quality. Results were summarized descriptively and, where possible, meta-analyses of the study results were conducted. One-hundred-and-one studies at predominantly high risk of bias that reported inconsistent results across various interventions were included in the review. Meta-analyses of three controlled clinical trials showed that Lovaas treatment was superior to special education on measures of adaptive behaviour, communication and interaction, comprehensive language, daily living skills, expressive language, overall intellectual functioning and socialization. High-intensity Lovaas was superior to low-intensity Lovaas on measures of intellectual functioning in two retrospective cohort studies. Pooling the results of two randomized controlle

Regionalization of the artisan fisheries in Baja California Sur, Mexico using the social criteria of the fishing cooperatives

Objective: Generate two regionalization proposals for the coastal areas of Mexico using social and economic variables of fishing. Design/methodology/approach: Socioeconomic data from fisheries in Mexico are analyzed, generating two regionalization works with different variables. The first study makes use of the data from the Statistical Yearbook of Aquaculture and Fisheries proper from the production value section. The second work uses data collected in the field of the situation of artisanal fishing cooperativism in BCS. Subsequently, in both works, a visual georeferencing methodology linked to a database was applied, which was recategorized into nominal and ordinal statistical values, as appropriate, using a Geographical Information System (GIS) ArcView 3.2. Lastly, apply a geostatistical analysis derived from the Kriging tool. Results: Two regionalizations of artisanal fishing in Mexico are presented, visualized on maps made up of vector data. The first regionalization map is based on the economic criterion of production value by federative entity at national level classified in four zones with different fishing priority. The second regionalization is of a social and organizational nature, showing a classification of artisanal fishing cooperativism present in the fishing towns of northern Baja California Sur (BCS) Limitations/implications: The lack of socioeconomic data of the fisheries in Mexico has been an important limitation to generate a deeper regionalization of the Mexican coasts. It is necessary to lay the foundations to create analyzes with a systemic approach that combine the multiplicity of quantitative and qualitative variables that are limited to the context of fishing. Finding/conclusions: Analyzing the social and organizational factors of artisanal fishing is necessary for understanding the marine socio-ecosystems of our country. These criteria together with the use of computer tools allowed the regional geolocation of areas that share similar characteristics. Both regionalizations presented here share the same methodology with a different use of variables, so the efficiency of using Kriging as a multi-specific analysis tool can be verified.Objective: To generate a proposal for regional categorization (regionalization) of fishing villages in Baja California Sur, Mexico, following social and economic fishing criteria. Design/Methodology/Approach: Socioeconomic data on fishing in Mexico are analyzed. This regionalization uses data collected in the field on the conditions of artisanal fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico (BCS). Subsequently a geo-referential methodology linked to a database was applied. Database was re-categorized by nominal or ordinal statistical values, as it was the case for each. ArcView 3.2 Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to obtain the geo-referenced classification. Then, a geostatistical analysis derived from the Kriging tool was applied. Results: We obtained a regional classification of fishing in Mexico, displayed in maps with vector data. The regionalization is of a social nature, it shows a classification of cooperation level at artisanal fishing cooperatives in the fishing towns of northern Baja California Sur (BCS). Limitations/Implications: The lack of socioeconomic data on fisheries in Mexico has been an important limitation to generate a more accurate regionalization of the Mexican coasts. Findings/Conclusions: Analyzing the social and organizational factors of fishing is necessary for the understanding of marine socio-ecosystems in Mexico. These criteria joined to the use of computer tools allowed the regional geo-located categorization of areas with similar characteristics. Whit the use of this methodology the efficiency of the use of Kriging as a multi-specific analysis tool can be verifie

Organic Matter Effect on <i>Glomus Intrarradices</i> in Beans (<i>Phaseolus Vulgaris L.</i>) Growth Cultivated in Soils with Two Sources of Water under Greenhouse Conditions

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of organic matter on the association with Glomus intrarradices and soil contamination on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The study was done under greenhouse conditions at the Montecillo Campus of the Postgraduate College, Mexico. Two soils were used, one irrigated with sewage water and the other one with clean water from a well. Half of the plants were inoculated with Glomus intrarradices. Vermicompost was used as a source of organic matter. There were highly significant increases (p≤0.05) in all the variables recorded due to the application of organic matter, and to the inoculation with Glomus intarradices. The irrigation source of the soils used for this experiment only had a significant effect (p≤0.05) on pod number and nitrogen fixation. The best growth and grain yield occurred with inoculated plants and supplementary organic matter

Flooded Extent and Depth Analysis Using Optical and SAR Remote Sensing with Machine Learning Algorithms

Recurrent flooding occurs in most years along different parts of the Gulf of Mexico coastline and the central and southeastern parts of Mexico. These events cause significant economic losses in the agricultural, livestock, and infrastructure sectors, and frequently involve loss of human life. Climate change has contributed to flooding events and their more frequent occurrence, even in areas where such events were previously rare. Satellite images have become valuable information sources to identify, precisely locate, and monitor flooding events. The machine learning models use remote sensing images pixels as input feature. In this paper, we report a study involving 16 combinations of Sentinel-1 SAR images, Sentinel-2 optical images, and digital elevation model (DEM) data, which were analyzed to evaluate the performance of two widely used machine learning algorithms, gradient boosting (GB) and random forest (RF), for providing information about flooding events. With machine learning models GB and RF, the input dataset (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and DEM) was used to establish rules and classify the set in the categories specified by previous tags. Monitoring of flooding was performed by tracking the evolution of water bodies during the dry season (before the event) through to the occurrence of floods during the rainy season (during the event). For detection of bodies of water in the dry season, the metrics indicate that the best algorithm is GB with combination 15 (F1m = 0.997, AUC = 0.999, K = 0.994). In the rainy season, the GB algorithm had better metrics with combination 16 (F1m = 0.995, AUC = 0.999, Kappa = 0.994), and detected an extent of flooded areas of 1113.36 ha with depths of <1 m. The high classification performance shown by machine learning algorithms, particularly the so-called assembly algorithms, means that they should be considered capable of improving satellite image classification for detection of flooding over traditional methods, in turn leading to better monitoring of flooding at local, regional, and continental scales