Etete-aldiaren eragina ariketa fisikoa egiten duten pertsona nagusien bizi-kalitatean, funtzio fisikoan eta biomarkatzaileetan

272 p.Ikerketa honen helburua pertsona nagusi aktiboengan ariketa fisikoaren eteteak nolako eragina duen ezagutzea, bizi-kalitatean, funtzio fisikoan eta biomarkatzaileetan. Bederatzi hilabeteko ariketa fisiko gidatuaren ostean, hiru hilabeteko etete-aldiak ondorio negatiboak izan zituen bizi-kalitateko (SF-36) dimentsio guztietan (p <0,05) eta beherakada adierazgarria aurkitu zen oreka dinamikoan (p <0,001). Hanturazko parametroetan ez zen aldaketarik antzeman, HDL kolesterola aldiz handitu egin zen (p <0,001). Etete-aldiaren ostean adiponektina era kontrajarrian erlazionatu zen aldagai desberdinek, adiponektina maila altuak odoleko lipidoen maila hobearekin erlazionatzen ziren bitartean funtzio fisikoko emaitza okerragoekin zuen lotura. Gainera, etete-aldiaren ostean emakumezkoen kasuan adiponektina mantendu egin zen, gizonezko gehienek ordea, beherakada izan zuten. Horretaz gain, etete-aldi horretan zehar partaideen %18,4k erorketaren bat izan zuen eta pertsona horiek erorketa hori sufritu baino lehen jada bizi-kalitatean balore baxuagoak eman zituzten (p <0,05). Beraz, ariketa fisikoa eteteak ekarri ditzakeen ondorioak ekiditeko egokia izango litzake, alde batetik etete-aldi laburragoak egiten saiatzea eta beste aldetik etete-aldi horretan beraien kabuz egin ahal dituzten ariketak preskribitzea, orekako ariketei garrantzia emanez

Etete-aldiaren eragina ariketa fisikoa egiten duten pertsona nagusien bizi-kalitatean, funtzio fisikoan eta biomarkatzaileetan

272 p.Ikerketa honen helburua pertsona nagusi aktiboengan ariketa fisikoaren eteteak nolako eragina duen ezagutzea, bizi-kalitatean, funtzio fisikoan eta biomarkatzaileetan. Bederatzi hilabeteko ariketa fisiko gidatuaren ostean, hiru hilabeteko etete-aldiak ondorio negatiboak izan zituen bizi-kalitateko (SF-36) dimentsio guztietan (p <0,05) eta beherakada adierazgarria aurkitu zen oreka dinamikoan (p <0,001). Hanturazko parametroetan ez zen aldaketarik antzeman, HDL kolesterola aldiz handitu egin zen (p <0,001). Etete-aldiaren ostean adiponektina era kontrajarrian erlazionatu zen aldagai desberdinek, adiponektina maila altuak odoleko lipidoen maila hobearekin erlazionatzen ziren bitartean funtzio fisikoko emaitza okerragoekin zuen lotura. Gainera, etete-aldiaren ostean emakumezkoen kasuan adiponektina mantendu egin zen, gizonezko gehienek ordea, beherakada izan zuten. Horretaz gain, etete-aldi horretan zehar partaideen %18,4k erorketaren bat izan zuen eta pertsona horiek erorketa hori sufritu baino lehen jada bizi-kalitatean balore baxuagoak eman zituzten (p <0,05). Beraz, ariketa fisikoa eteteak ekarri ditzakeen ondorioak ekiditeko egokia izango litzake, alde batetik etete-aldi laburragoak egiten saiatzea eta beste aldetik etete-aldi horretan beraien kabuz egin ahal dituzten ariketak preskribitzea, orekako ariketei garrantzia emanez

The effectiveness of a basic exercise intervention to improve strength and balance in women with osteoporosis

Objective: To determine the effects of a simple exercise program on the balance and strength of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: This program was based on low intensity strength and balance exercises, and was carried out with simple, readily available equipment. Sixty five women were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG; n=33, age: 57.4+/-4.8 years) or the control group (CG; n=32, age: 58.8+/-4.5 years). Participants in the EG underwent balance and strength training for 60 min, three times/week for 6 months. Each session consisted of warm-up exercises (10 min), balance training (20 min), strength training (20 min), and cooldown (10 min). Participants from the CG were asked not to modify their usual habits during the course of the study. Static balance was evaluated using the blind monopodal stance static balance test. In contrast, dynamic balance was assessed using the "8-foot up and go" test, whereas the strength of the upper and lower limbs was measured using the "arm curl" and "30 s chair stand" tests, respectively. All these variables were assessed at baseline and upon program completion. Results: The EG showed significant improvements (P<0.001) in static balance (21%), dynamic balance (36%), and in the strength of the upper (80%) and lower (47%) limbs in comparison to the CG after the sixth month. Participants in the CG showed significantly lower values (P<0.001) in the four tests. In addition, a significant inverse relationship between static balance and the strength of the upper (r=-0.390; P=0.001) and lower (r=-0.317; P=0.01) limbs was found. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that a physical exercise program based on balance and strength exercises, carried out with simple and readily available equipment, is capable of significantly improving the strength and balance of women with osteoporosis.The authors would like to express their thanks to Dr JL Balenciaga for his help and collaboration in this study, as well as to all the participants for their commitment to facilitating the research. Acknowledgements are also due to the Basque Government for having provided a predoctoral grant to Izaro Esain, enabling her participation in the present study

Health-related quality of life, handgrip strength and falls during detraining in elderly habitual exercisers

Background: The effects of regular exercise on physical functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have been thoroughly studied. In contrast, little is known about the changes which occur following cessation of activity (detraining). Here, we have investigated the effect of a 3 month detraining period on HRQOL and on handgrip strength in elderly people who had regularly exercised, and examined the association of these variables with falls. Methods: Thirty-eight women and 11 men (mean age, 75.5 +/- 5.7 years) took part in a supervised physical exercise program for 9 months, followed by a 3 month detraining period. Participants completed the SF-36 HRQOL questionnaire at the beginning of detraining (baseline) and 3 months later. Handgrip strength and number of falls were also recorded. Results: Participants had been exercising for 12.1 +/- 8.7 years. After the detraining period, we found a significant (p < 0.001--0.05) decline in all SF-36 dimensions, with the exception of handgrip strength. Women presented a larger decline (p < 0.05) in more items than men. During the detraining period, 18.4% participants had a fall incident. HRQOL declined in both fallers and non-fallers during detraining. Interestingly, fallers already had at baseline significantly lower values in physical functioning (p < 0.05), emotional role (p < 0.05) and mental health (p < 0.01), than non-fallers. Conclusions: An important decline was found in most items of the SF-36 following a 3 month detraining period, particularly in women. In contrast, strength of the upper limb was not affected by the detraining. The prior lower HRQOL values of those who will subsequently fall suggest that this criterion should be studied as a candidate risk factor for falls. Efforts should be made to encourage the elderly to continue with exercise activities and/or to shorten holiday break periods, in order to maintain their quality of life.Esain I was supported by a grant from the Basque Government (Pre_2014_1_137). This work was supported by the Basque Government (IT922-16)

Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Who Regularly Exercise

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of social distancing on physical activity (PA) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in active Spanish older adults according to their physical functionality. The study included 58 older adults aged 76.24 ± 6.00 years who were enrolled in a supervised physical exercise program before the COVID-19 outbreak. Anthropometric, physical function, physical activity and HRQoL were measured at baseline (October 2019). After the two-month lockdown due to the COVID-19, questionnaires were collected again during de-escalation (May 2020). Participants were divided into high- (n = 29) and low-functionality (n = 29) groups. Total PA, walking and cleaning significantly decreased (p < 0.001) whilst exercising or dancing increased (p < 0.001). General health, social and emotional role functioning dimensions and overall mental component scores worsened (p < 0.01–p < 0.05). Low-functionality participants had significantly lower physical functioning scores at baseline (p < 0.01) and lower bodily pain scores at de-escalation (p < 0.01). Emotional role functioning dimension and overall mental component significantly decreased only in low-functionality participants (p < 0.05). Although PA levels decreased significantly, older adults continued being active regardless of their functionality. While mental HRQoL in participants with higher physical functionality remained unchanged, participants with lower functional capacity had a higher risk of mental health concerns. Therefore, attention should focus on strategies to mitigate the negative effects of distancing measures on older people’s mental health, especially in those with lower functionality.This work was supported by the Basque Government (IT1288-19)

Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Who Regularly Exercise

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of social distancing on physical activity (PA) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in active Spanish older adults according to their physical functionality. The study included 58 older adults aged 76.24 ± 6.00 years who were enrolled in a supervised physical exercise program before the COVID-19 outbreak. Anthropometric, physical function, physical activity and HRQoL were measured at baseline (October 2019). After the two-month lockdown due to the COVID-19, questionnaires were collected again during de-escalation (May 2020). Participants were divided into high- (n = 29) and low-functionality (n = 29) groups. Total PA, walking and cleaning significantly decreased (p < 0.001) whilst exercising or dancing increased (p < 0.001). General health, social and emotional role functioning dimensions and overall mental component scores worsened (p < 0.01–p < 0.05). Low-functionality participants had significantly lower physical functioning scores at baseline (p < 0.01) and lower bodily pain scores at de-escalation (p < 0.01). Emotional role functioning dimension and overall mental component significantly decreased only in low-functionality participants (p < 0.05). Although PA levels decreased significantly, older adults continued being active regardless of their functionality. While mental HRQoL in participants with higher physical functionality remained unchanged, participants with lower functional capacity had a higher risk of mental health concerns. Therefore, attention should focus on strategies to mitigate the negative effects of distancing measures on older people’s mental health, especially in those with lower functionality.This work was supported by the Basque Government (IT1288-19)

The relative age effect in young athletes: a countywide analysis of 9–14-year-old participants in all competitive sports

[EN] The relative age effect (RAE) has primarily been investigated in male athletes involved in popular sports and high-level competitions. However, occurrence of RAE in other types of sports at the grassroots level, particularly in female athletes, is less well-studied. Thus, we examined the RAE in a large cohort of young athletes who participated in all competitive sports in Bizkaia, Spain, according to gender and specificity of the sport. The birth dates of 38,381 participants (65.1% males and 34.9% females) aged 9–14 years old in 37 competitive sports were analyzed. Birth dates were divided into four birth-quarters and compared to those of all children born in the same period using a χ2 goodness-of-fit test and standardized residuals. The effect size Cramer’s V was measured, and odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the odds of athletes born in January playing in the highest leagues. In the total sample, in boys RAE was evident in football, but only in highercompetition leagues (p<0.001, large effect size). In girls, RAE was evident in the most popular team sports: basketball (p<0.001, large effect size in basketball 1st league), handball and football (p<0.05, both small effect sizes). Players born in January were 3.23- and 2.89-times more likely to play in the 1st leagues than those born in December, for boys (football) and girls (basketball) respectively. In the overall analysis and in the remaining sports, presence of RAE was negligible. Therefore, the date of birth does not seem to be a constraint to participating in most sports in Bizkaia. The potential mechanisms for RAE are multifactorial and complex, yet a combination of factors, such as the popularity of a sport and the depth of competition, physicality and social influences may be involved. We discuss these mechanisms and potential measures to mitigate RAE.This work was partially supported by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (https://www.ehu.eus/es/) under grant PPGA19/53 and the Basque government (https://www.euskadi. eus/gobierno-vasco/inicio/) under grant IT922-16. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Effect of Baduanjin on physical functioning and balance in adults with mild-to-moderate intellectual disabilities: A comparative study

Background Adults with intellectual disabilities often experience mobility limitations. Baduanjin, a mindfulness-based exercise intervention, can exert positive effects on functional mobility and balance. This study examined the impact of Baduanjin on physical functioning and balance of adults with intellectual disabilities. Method Twenty-nine adults with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. Eighteen received a Baduanjin intervention for 9-months; 11 participants did not receive any intervention (comparison group). Physical functioning and balance were assessed using the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and stabilometry. Results Participants in the Baduanjin group experienced significant changes in the SPPB walking test (p = .042), chair stand test (p = .015), and SPPB summary score (p = .010). No significant changes between groups were observed in any of the variables assessed at the end of the intervention. Conclusions Baduanjin practice may cause significant, albeit small, improvements in physical functioning of adults with intellectual disabilities.The authors would like to acknowledge the staff and participants from Lantegi Batuak for their assistance and willingness to be part of the study. This study was facilitated by an agreement between the regional Government Diputación Foral de Bizkaia/Bizkaiko Foru Aldundia (Departamento de Acción Social/Gizarte Ekintza Saila) and Lantegi Batuak

Etete-aldiaren eragina ariketa fisikoa egiten duten pertsona nagusien bizi-kalitatean, funtzio fisikoan eta biomarkatzaileetan

272 p.Ikerketa honen helburua pertsona nagusi aktiboengan ariketa fisikoaren eteteak nolako eragina duen ezagutzea, bizi-kalitatean, funtzio fisikoan eta biomarkatzaileetan. Bederatzi hilabeteko ariketa fisiko gidatuaren ostean, hiru hilabeteko etete-aldiak ondorio negatiboak izan zituen bizi-kalitateko (SF-36) dimentsio guztietan (p <0,05) eta beherakada adierazgarria aurkitu zen oreka dinamikoan (p <0,001). Hanturazko parametroetan ez zen aldaketarik antzeman, HDL kolesterola aldiz handitu egin zen (p <0,001). Etete-aldiaren ostean adiponektina era kontrajarrian erlazionatu zen aldagai desberdinek, adiponektina maila altuak odoleko lipidoen maila hobearekin erlazionatzen ziren bitartean funtzio fisikoko emaitza okerragoekin zuen lotura. Gainera, etete-aldiaren ostean emakumezkoen kasuan adiponektina mantendu egin zen, gizonezko gehienek ordea, beherakada izan zuten. Horretaz gain, etete-aldi horretan zehar partaideen %18,4k erorketaren bat izan zuen eta pertsona horiek erorketa hori sufritu baino lehen jada bizi-kalitatean balore baxuagoak eman zituzten (p <0,05). Beraz, ariketa fisikoa eteteak ekarri ditzakeen ondorioak ekiditeko egokia izango litzake, alde batetik etete-aldi laburragoak egiten saiatzea eta beste aldetik etete-aldi horretan beraien kabuz egin ahal dituzten ariketak preskribitzea, orekako ariketei garrantzia emanez