Bacterial Infections, DNA Virus Infections, and RNA Virus Infections Manifest Differently in Neutrophil Receptor Expression

Treating viral illnesses or noninfective causes of inflammation with antibiotics is ineffective and contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance, toxicity, and allergic reactions, leading to increasing medical costs. A major factor behind unnecessary use of antibiotics is, of course, incorrect diagnosis. For this reason, timely and accurate information on whether the infection is bacterial in origin would be highly beneficial. In this paper we will present our recent studies on the expression of opsonin receptors on phagocytes. The analysis of the expression levels of FcγRI, CR1, and CR3, along with CRP and ESR data, provides a novel application to the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases. The best clinical benefit will be obtained when the individual variables are combined to generate the CIS point method for a bacterial infection marker, DNAVS point for differentiating between DNA and RNA virus infections, and CRP/CD11b ratio for a marker of Gram-positive sepsis

Novel methods for investigating indoor air quality

Tutkimustyö tehtiin seuraaville hankkeille saadulla tuella: TEKES /Terveellinen Rakennus; Työsuojelurahasto tsr 112134 /Bioreaktiiviset toksiinit ja kemikaalit työtiloissaSisäilmaa on jokaisen tilankäyttäjän pakko hengittää, joten toistettaville, terveyshaitan arviointiin soveltuville näytteenkeruumenetelmille sisäilmahaittaiseksi epäillyn rakennuksen ilmasta tai rakenteista on suuri tarve. Tässä työssä esitellään kolme uutta tekniikkaa, joita voidaan hyödyntää sisäilmahaittojen tunnistuksessa ja päästölähteiden paikantamisessa: 1. sisäilman vesihöyryn tiivisteen toksisuuden mittaus; 2. epäorgaanisten sulfidien (mm. rikkivety) muodostuksen tunnistaminen rakenteissa; 3. koneellisen ilmanvaihdon epäpuhtaus-kuorman arviointi tulo- ja poistoilmakoneiden suodattimista solutoksikologisin menetelmin

Measurement of complement receptor 1 on neutrophils in bacterial and viral pneumonia

BACKGROUND: A reliable prediction of the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not possible based on clinical features. Our aim was to test, whether the measurement of the expression of complement receptors or Fcγ receptors on neutrophils and monocytes would be a useful preliminary test to differentiate between bacterial and viral pneumonia. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with CAP were studied prospectively. Thirteen patients had pneumococcal pneumonia; 13 patients, influenza A pneumonia; 5 patients, atypical pneumonia, and 37 patients, aetiologically undefined pneumonia. Leukocyte receptor expression was measured within 2 days of hospital admission. RESULTS: The mean expression of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on neutrophils was significantly higher in the patients with pneumococcal pneumonia than in those with influenza A pneumonia. The mean expression of CR1 was also significantly higher in aetiologically undefined pneumonia than in influenza A pneumonia, but there was no difference between pneumococcal and undefined pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the expression of CR1 is higher in classical bacterial pneumonia than in viral pneumonia. Determination of the expression of CR1 may be of value as an additional rapid tool in the aetiological diagnosis, bacterial or viral infection, of CAP. These results are preliminary and more research is needed to assess the utility of this new method in the diagnostics of pneumonia

The role of colostral antibodies in prevention of microbial infections

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Thermal acclimation in the perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) immunity

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The Response of Phagocytes to Indoor Air Toxicity

This perspective presents a viewpoint on potential methods assessing toxicity of indoor air. Until recently, the major techniques to document moldy environment have been microbial isolation using conventional culture techniques for fungi and bacteria as well as in some instances polymerase chain reaction to detect microbial genetic components. However, it has become increasingly evident that bacterial and fungal toxins, their metabolic products, and volatile organic substances emitted from corrupted constructions are the major health risks. Here, we illustrate how phagocytes, especially neutrophils can be used as a toxicological probe. Neutrophils can be used either in vitro as probe cells, directly exposed to the toxic agent studied, or they can act as in vivo indicators of the whole biological system exposed to the agent. There are two convenient methods assessing the responses, one is to measure chemiluminescence emission from activated phagocytes and the other is to measure quantitatively by flow cytometry the expression of complement and immunoglobulin receptors on the phagocyte surface

Production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils after repeated bouts of exercise in standardbred trotters

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Glutathione-dependent modulation of exhausting exercise-induced changes in neutrophil function of rats

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