Car Painter of Bursa: Enver Ertaban

Bilgisayarlı üretimin dahil olmasıyla, geleneksel yollarla üretim yapılan birçok alan terk edilmekte ve bu üretimi yapan sanatkarların isimleri ve ürünleri ortadan kalkmaktadır. Dönemin yerel sanatkârları tarafından icra edilen araba ressamlığı da bunlardan biridir. Eli sanata yatkın ve usta-çırak ilişkisi içerisinde formal olmayan bir yolla eğitim alan bu sanatkârlar, bir dönemin kent belleğine ve bölgenin görsel kültürüne katkı yaptığı gibi, aynı zamanda sanatkârın üslubu bölgenin üslubuna dönüştüğünden dolayı bölgenin resimleme geleneğini de belirlerler. Bu sanatkârlar at arabası, fayton, traktör, römork resimlediği gibi, gerektiğinde tabela da yazarlar. At arabalarının ortadan kalktığı, geleneksel üretimin terk edildiği ve artık çırakların yetişmediği düşünüldüğünde, unutulmaya yüz tutmuş bir sanatın kanıtları da zamanla yok olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Bursa’da 1939 ilâ 1999 yılları arasında varlık gösteren ticari ressam Enver Ertaban konu edilmektedir. Ertaban, becerisiyle ünü Bursa dışına taşarak belgesellerde kendine yer bulmuş ve yurtdışından ziyaretçi kabul etmiştir. Araba ressamlığının son temsilcilerinden biri olan Enver Ertaban’ın yaşamı ve üretimleri belgelenerek literatürde yerini alması amaçlanmaktadır.Many areas of traditional production are abandoned and the_x000D_ names and products of the commercial artists, who make these_x000D_ productions, disappear with the inclusion of computerized_x000D_ production. Car painting, which is performed by local artists of_x000D_ the period, is one of these productions. These commercial artists,_x000D_ who are educated in a non-formal way in mentor system,_x000D_ contribute not only to the urban memory and visual culture of the_x000D_ period, but also to determine the painting tradition of region_x000D_ because the artist’s style specified the style of the region. These_x000D_ artists paint cars, horse carriages, tractors and trailers, as well as_x000D_ signage when it is necessary. Considering that horse carriages_x000D_ were disappeared, that traditional production was abandoned and_x000D_ that apprentices were no longer trained, the evidence of the_x000D_ craftship, which almost fade into oblivion, disappear in time._x000D_ In this study, the commercial artist Enver Ertaban, who was active_x000D_ in Bursa between the years 1939 and 1999, is discussed. Ertaban_x000D_ moved his fame out of Bursa and found himself a place in_x000D_ documentaries and received visitors from abroad with his talent._x000D_ With this study, it is aimed to document the life and the_x000D_ productions of Enver Ertaban, who was one of the last_x000D_ representatives of car painting, and to take his place in the_x000D_ literature.Art is embodied by the way of creative and original with the help of hands and tools of images in human mind._x000D_ The tools and materials, which is used with the developing technologies over the time, have changed and different forms of production have emerged. One of these production methods has been computer aided three-dimensional modeling and three-dimensional printers. After the 1980s, the modeling stages of three-dimensional printers, that are quickly showed their effects on art, took their place in the history of design and production. Prototypes are realized by sending it to the three-dimensional printer without need to use a mold technique after modeling in the virtual environment with the help of computer programs and printing the drawing. The basic working principle of the three-dimensional printer is that materials such as plastic, metal and ceramic mud are formed by overlapping in layers and form. It seems inevitable to be used in serial production in the future in terms of its advantages such as being suitable for rapid prototype production and providing more efficient production of objects that are difficult to model. In this article, basic principles of three-dimensional printers are mentioned; The possibilities for use in the field of ceramics are tried to be questioned and the effects of contemporary ceramic art on the future are evaluated

Investigating the Effects of CoMoCrSi Powder Composition and Particle Size, and Annealing Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical and Tribological Performance of HVOF Sprayed Coatings

An investigation was conducted to analyze the mechanical properties, wear behavior, and microstructure of coatings formed by high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying of CoMoCrSi powders. The effects of varying Cr concentration and particle sizes before and after heat treatment at 900 °C for 4 h were studied comparatively. The increase in Cr and Mo elements in the expanse of Co increased the structure's hardness before and after the heat treatment. As this increase was 10% in as-sprayed conditions, annealing raised the increase to 30%. Splat boundaries were the most vulnerable constituents against forces, creating a significant disadvantage in terms of structural integrity and affecting the overall performance. After annealing, the boundary strengths experienced a remarkable four-fold increase and cracks and fractures reduced significantly. The susceptibility of splat boundaries had a detrimental effect on room temperature wear behavior, and increased boundary densities led to a marked reduction in wear performance. Heat treatment induced improvements significantly increased the room temperature wear performance. At elevated temperature, the formation of oxide layers composed of CoMoO4, Co3O4, MoO3, and Cr2O3 overcame the weaknesses of the as-sprayed coating, reducing both the friction coefficient and wear losses. A reduced Co ratio led to the formation of an oxide blend with a higher concentration of Mo and Cr oxides on the surface, further improving the coating's wear behavior. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.

In vitro antiviral evaluations of coldmix(R): An essential oil blend against SARS-CoV-2

Coldmix® is a commercially available Eucalyptus aetheroleum and, Abies aetheroleum blend for medicinal applications. In this present study, the in vitro antiviral potential of Coldmix®, and its major constituents 1,8-cineole and α-pinene were evaluated by using the in vitro ACE2 enzyme inhibition assay as well as the direct contact test against SARS-CoV-2. The observed ACE2 enzyme inhibitory activity of Coldmix®, 1,8-cineole, and α-pinene were 72%, 88%, and 80%, respectively; whereas in the direct contact test in the vapor phase, the destruction of the virus was 79.9% within 5 min and 93.2% in the 30th min, respectively. In a similar Coldmix® vapor phase setup using the in vitro cytotoxicity cell assay, E6 VERO healthy cells were experimentally not affected by toxicity. According to the promising initial antiviral results of Coldmix® and the individually tested constituents, detailed further in vivo evaluation using different virus classes is suggested

Cerebral blood flow during single lung ventilation

Aim: Our aim was to show the effect of one-lung ventilation (OLV) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) by measuring carotid blood flow. This technique has been the subject of experimental and clinical studies. Materials and methods: Carotid doppler flows were measured at 4 different times. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured and pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) calculated. Results: There were no significant changes in PSV, PI, RI, or flow volume in the normal or diseased sides at repeated measures (P > 0.05).There was no significant difference between the flow velocities, PIs, RIs, or flow volumes measured in the supine and decubitus positions during OLV. In addition, there was no significant difference between the flow parameters of the upper and lower carotids measured in the lateral decubitus position before and after OLV. There was no correlation between any of the flow parameters and duration of OLV. Conclusion: OLV poses no additional risk in terms of CBF. However, further studies, supported by biochemical parameters and involving wider patient groups, are now needed

Yapıştırılmış cıvata bağlantılarının dinamik yükler altındaki davranışlarının incelenmesi

Cıvata bağlantılarında dinamik yüklerin etkisiyle meydana gelen kendiliğinden gevşemeyi önlemek için birçok yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bu yöntemlerden biri olan anaerobik yapıştırıcı kullanılarak cıvata bağlantısının cıvata boyutuna, kaplama türüne ve diş tipine göre kendiliğinden gevşemeye karşı dayanımı incelenmiştir. Deneylerde üç farklı kaplanmamış, çinko ve çinko fosfat kaplı 8.8 kalite M10, M12 ve M16 normal ve ince diş cıvata kullanılmıştır. Deneyler pnömatik sistem ile çalışan test makinesinde yapılmıştır. Deneyler sırasında belirli zamanlarda makine durdurularak ultrasonik ölçüm cihazı ile cıvatadaki uzama değişimleri ölçülmüş ve ölçülen değerlerin çevrim sayısına göre değişimleri incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda boyut etkisine göre en iyi dayanım M10 cıvatalarda, en kötü dayanım M16 cıvatalarda elde edilmiştir. Kaplama türüne göre en iyi dayanım çinko fosfat kaplı cıvatalarda, en kötü dayanım çinko kaplı cıvatalarda elde edilmiştir. Diş tipine göre ince diş cıvatalar normal diş cıvatalardan daha iyi dayanım göstermiştir.In bolted joints many methods used to prevent self-loosening which caused by dynamic loads. In this study, strength of bolted joints were investigated against to self-loosening according to the bolt size, the type of coating and pitch using an anaerobic adhesive which is one of these methods. In experiments three different uncoated, zinc and zinc phosphate coated 8.8 grade M10, M12 and M16 coarse and fine pitch steel bolts were used. Experiments were made on test machine which works as pneumatic. Test machine was stopped at certain times during experiments and elongation changes measured by ultrasonic bolt meter and measured values were investigated by the number of cycles. As a result of experimental studies, for bolt size effect the best strength was obtained M10 bolts, the worst strength was obtained M16 bolts. For coating type, the best strength was obtained zinc phosphated bolts, the worst strength was obtained zinc coated bolts. According to pitch type, fine pitch bolts showed good resistant than coarse pitch bolts

The evaluation of the curriculum for the visual arts education course at at primary school in accordance with the teacher opinions

Bu araştırma, ilköğretim ikinci kademedeki Görsel Sanatlar dersi öğretmenlerinin, 2006 yılından itibaren uygulamaya geçen öğretim programının getirdiği yeni yaklaşımlara ilişkin genel görüşlerinin belirlenmesini içermektedir. Araştırma sürecinde öğretmenlerin programı nasıl karşıladıkları, öğrencilere öğrenme alanlarının kazanımlarını ne kadar edindirebildikleri, derslere nasıl hazırlandıkları ve yeni yaklaşımlara ilişkin görüşleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Araştırma 2009-2010 eğitim-öğretim yılında, Bursa İli merkez üç ilçeye bağlı (Osmangazi, Nilüfer, Yıldırım) resmi 30 ilköğretim okulunda yapılan anket ve görüşme çalışmaları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde ilköğretim ikinci kademedeki Görsel Sanatlar dersine giren öğretmenlere uygulanmak üzere 38 önermenin bulunduğu bir anket formu ve 5 sorunun bulunduğu bir görüşme formu hazırlanmış ve bu formlar veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgiler, frekans ve % kullanılarak analiz edilmiş, hazırlanan tablolarda bu sonuçlar gösterilerek gerekli yorumlarla desteklenmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, Görsel Sanatlar dersi öğretmenlerinin çoğunluğunun yapılandırmacı yaklaşım anlayışıyla hazırlanan yeni öğretim programını olumlu karşıladıkları, fakat uygulama aşamasında sıkıntı yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Yaşanan sıkıntıların öncelikle Görsel Sanatlar dersine uygun atölye eksikliği ve öğrenci fazlalılığından meydana geldiği gözlenmektedir. Programa ilişkin sıkıntıların ise hizmet içi eğitimlerin yeterli ve uygulamaya dönük olmaması sebebiyle öğretmenler tarafından benimsenememesi, öğretmenlerin eski alışkanlıklarını devam ettirmesi şeklinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin uygulamada yaşadıkları sıkıntılar nedeniyle programı uygulanabilir bulmadıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan bu sonuçlara göre, araştırmanın ilgili bölümünde programın geliştirilmesi açısından katkı sağlanacak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.This study includes the investigation of the general opinions of Visual Arts teachers at primary school, on the new approaches which the educational program put into effect in 2006 came up with. Research period consists of the investigation of Visual Arts teachers perceptions, to what degree they can make students acquire the gains of learning fields, how they get prepared for the lessons and their opinions on the new approaches.The research was carried out in 30 public primary schools within the three central districts (Osmangazi, Nilüfer, Yıldırım) of province Bursa, with survey studies and interviews. In the survey process, the forms containing 38 statements and the interview forms containing 5 questions were prepared and these forms were used as data collection tools. The information gathered from the research was analyzed using the frequency and the percentage factors by which the tables were created. The results were demonstrated and supported with required comments.The findings show that most Visual Arts teachers have favourable opinions on the new educational program which was developed with a constructive approach, but they have trouble in the implementation phases. The troubles encountered were observed to result from the fact that there are not sufficient numbers of workshops designed considering the needs of Visual Art lessons and that there are more students than the actual capacity can meet. The problems concerning the program itself found out to be that the teachers are not able to adopt the new program since there are not sufficient numbers of in-service trainings and even if there are some, those ones are not practice-oriented and that teacher cannot leave their past habits. It was understood that teachers do not consider this program practical since they have problems in the implementation phases. In the relevant chapter of the study, suggestions which may contribute to improvement of the program were stated in accordance with these results revealed by the study

Dökme demir ve düşük karbonlu çelik arasındaki metal aktif gaz kaynağı birleştirmesnin içyapısal ve mekanik karakterizasyonu.

This study focuses on joining pearlitic ductile cast iron with low carbon steel by welding and investigation of this joint in microstructural and mechanical viewpoints. For this purpose E355 steel and GJS600-3 cast iron were joined using metal active gas (MAG) welding process by G3Si1 filler wire. The joining process is shaped mainly by the problems related to the low weldability of cast. Preheating was applied to prevent formation of cooling cracks and effects of post weld heat treatments (PWHT) were surveyed. Micro examination and micro hardness tests were applied to characterize the general microstructure. Grain size measurements were done for E355. Hardness profiles, tension and impact toughness properties were designated via mechanical tests. Fatigue behavior was surveyed and general fracture characteristics were determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations. According to study it was concluded that successful weld joint could be formed between the materials by suitable preheating. Formation of ledeburitic white cast iron and martensite in heat affected zone of cast piece was witnessed. It was possible to lower high hardness values of these phases gradually by increasing post weld heat treatment temperatures. The weld joint behaved superior to the base metals under tension and fatigue tests. In tension tests failure occurred at E355 base metal whereas fatigue loading resulted failure at GJS600-3. A great impact toughness variation was determined between two pieces. It is seen that heat treatments had minor effect on mechanical test results except hardness. The study was concluded that a useful fusion weld joint between these materials can be built.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Binary integer programming based PMU placement in the presence of conventional measurements

This paper proposes an optimal Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) placement method based on a modified version of the well-known binary integer linear programming formulation, which will utilize the installed PMUs and conventional measurements, i.e. active and reactive power flow and power injection measurements, to reduce the number of PMUs to be placed required for system observability. The proposed method applies conventional observability analysis to evaluate the system of concern and to reduce the size of the PMU placement problem. The analysis is followed by the proposed modified optimal PMU placement method. Although the method is applicable to PMUs with any number of channels, the paper employs branch PMUs, i.e. PMUs with single voltage phasor and single current phasor channels, since this is the most common PMU type in industry. The method is illustrated by a tutorial example and validated on IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus test systems