An exploratory view of the foundations of foreign trade entrepreneurship

This study aims to reveal the foreign trade entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial tendency in the context of economic nationalism which expresses a protective approach in terms of foreign trade policy which is one of the main components of the policy of economics. The study was designed as a single case study from qualitative research designs. The sample of the study consists of foreign trade entrepreneurs who have been in foreign trade for at least five years and who are in the industry as a producer/manufacturer. In the study, the semi-structured interview technique was used for the data gathering process. A purposeful sampling technique was used in order to determine enterprises and individuals to conduct interviews. The findings of the data analysis showed that the foreign trade policy adopted by the individual is the basis of the commercial activity. The result of the study was examined in two dimensions as “foreign trade entrepreneurship” and “international entrepreneurship”. It shows that the companies are predominantly foreign trade entrepreneurs in the context of evaluating the income obtained from abroad, benefiting from incentives, future targets, opportunities and threats of foreign commercial activities. For this reason, the finding obtained reveals that the firms subject to the study are mainly economically nationalist. Considering this, it is suggested to support foreign trade entrepreneurs, who act mainly with an economically nationalist motivation, to find new market opportunities abroad, to increase the government incentives for bringing the foreign currency revenues to the country and to facilitate the access of companies to them

RAD23 AS A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF BARLEY POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE RESISTANCE

The RADIATION SENSITIVE23 (RAD23) transfers ubiquitylated substrates to proteasome and has a role in protein degradation. In our previous proteomics study, RAD23 protein was found to be over-expressed at 12 hours post inoculation (hpi) in compatible interaction (Pallas-03 inoculated with Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) race 103); however it was not detectable in incompatible interaction (Pallas-01 inoculated with Bgh-103). Thus, to assess its role in barley powdery mildew resistance, the response to the virulent and avirulent pathogen races was studied on the RAD23 silenced barley seedlings using Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV). Control plants (BSMV:00) were compared with the RAD23 silenced plants (BSMV :HvRAD23) after they are inoculated with both Bgh-103 (virulent) and Bgh-95 (avirulent) pathogen races. Hyphal growth levels were analyzed at 3 and 5 days post inoculation (dpi). HvRAD23 was found to be silenced on average 17.3% in three biological replicates. Despite the low silencing level, the change in hyphal growth was statistically significant. The primary, secondary and longest hyphae lengths were found to be decreased 21, 22 and 16%, respectively. This result together with the proteomics data suggested the idea that RAD23 protein is a negative regulator of powdery mildew resistance in barley

Psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life in patients with drug hypersensitivity

Background: Compared with advances in a drug hypersensitivity diagnosis and management, little is known about the mental health status of patients with drug hypersensitivity and the impact of this psychological distress on their quality of life (QoL). Objective: The objectives were to evaluate anxiety, depression, and QoL levels in patients with drug hypersensitivity, assess how some related factors may affect them, and determine the impact of disease on their QoL. Methods: A total of 203 patients with drug hypersensitivity and 80 healthy controls were evaluated with the Beck Anxiety Results: The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) BAI scores of the patients and the controls were 13.46 +/- 11.78 and 1.94 +/- 1.93, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean +/- SD BDI scores were higher in the patient group (9.23 +/- 6.36) than in the control group (2.18 +/- 2.02) (p < 0.0001). The patients had significantly increased risk of anxiety versus the controls (48.8% versus 7.5%) (odds ratio [OR] 11.74 [95% confidence {CI}, 4.88-28.20]; p <0.0001) and depression versus the controls (31.5% versus 6.2%) (OR 6.90 [95% CI, 2.66-17.90]; p = 0.0001). The comparison of patients' BAI and BDI scores showed that those with more severe reactions had higher scores than those with moderate and mild reactions. A negative correlation was found Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms have a high prevalence in patients with confirmed drug hypersensitivity, which leads to a notable decrease in QoL. Self-administered psychological questionnaires were shown to be useful in the psychological examination and management of patients with drug hypersensitivity. Therefore, we found that psychological support is critical to reducing the negative outcomes of hypersensitivity reactions in patients

Microfluidics and nanoparticles based amperometric biosensor for the detection of cyanobacteria (Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 116) DNA

Some of the cyanobacteria produce protease inhibitor oligopeptides such as cyanopeptolins and cause drinking water contamination; hence, their detection has great importance to monitor the well-being of water sources that is used for human consumption. In the current study, a fast and sensitive nucleic acid biosensor assay has been described where cyanopeptolin coding region of one of the cyanobacteria (Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 116) genome has been used as target for monitoring of the fresh water resources. A biochip that has two sets of Au electrode arrays, each consist of shared reference/counter electrodes and 3 working electrodes has been used for the assay. The biochip has been integrated to a microfluidics system and all steps of the assay have been performed during the reagent flow to achieve fast and sensitive DNA detection. On-line hybridization of the target on to the capture probe immobilized surface resulted in a very short assay duration with respect to the conventional static assays. The binding of the avidin and enzyme modified Au nanoparticles to the biotinylated detection probe and the subsequent injection of the substrate enabled a real-time amperometric measurement with a detection limit of 6 x 10(-12) M target DNA (calibration curve r(2)=0.98). The developed assay enables fast and sensitive detection of cyanopeptolin producing cyanobacteria from freshwater samples and hence shows a promising technology for toxic microorganism detection from environmental samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine generates high antibody responses in healthcare workers with and without prior infection

Background and Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) were among the first groups to be vaccinated in Turkey. The data to be obtained by the vaccination of HCWs would guide wide spread vaccination programs