Solar activity beyond the disk and variations of the cosmic ray gradient

Part of galactic cosmic rays (CR) observed near the Earth and on the Earth come from beyond-disk regions of circumsolar space. But CR of those energies which undergo substantial modulation cover too large a path across the lines of force of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in order that they could provide an effective transfer of information about beyond-disk solar activity. And if it is still possible, the most probable channel for transferring such information must be a neutral layer of heliomagnetosphere in which the transverse CR transport is facilitated by their drift in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. A simple diffusion model for an expected CR variation in a neutral layer near the Earth is discussed. It is of importance that variations of the CR gradient are not at all always accompanied by considerable variations of IMF and solar wind velocity at the point of observation

Origin of Correlations between Central Black Holes Masses and Galactic Bulge Velocity Dispersions

We argue that the observed correlations between central black holes masses M_{BH} and galactic bulge velocity dispersions \sigma_e in the form M_{BH}\propto\sigma_e^4 may witness on the pregalactic origin of massive black holes. Primordial black holes would be the centers for growing protogalaxies which experienced multiple mergers with ordinary galaxies. This process is accompanied by the merging of black holes in the galactic nuclei.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Astron. and Astrophys. Transaction

Remnants of dark matter clumps

What happened to the central cores of tidally destructed dark matter clumps in the Galactic halo? We calculate the probability of surviving of the remnants of dark matter clumps in the Galaxy by modelling the tidal destruction of the small-scale clumps. It is demonstrated that a substantial fraction of clump remnants may survive through the tidal destruction during the lifetime of the Galaxy if the radius of a core is rather small. The resulting mass spectrum of survived clumps is extended down to the mass of the core of the cosmologically produced clumps with a minimal mass. Since the annihilation signal is dominated by the dense part of the core, destruction of the outer part of the clump affects the annihilation rate relatively weakly and the survived dense remnants of tidally destructed clumps provide a large contribution to the annihilation signal in the Galaxy. The uncertainties in minimal clump mass resulting from the uncertainties in neutralino models are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, added reference

An experience of distant consumers power supply by means of the renewables given specific conditions

Local renewable energy resources (RES) are often considered as an alternative to the conventional power supply by means of power lines. This is an urgent approach for rural electrification if there are long distances from main substations, and distribution feeders’ construction and service is not cost-effective for grid companies. Nevertheless, the real potential for RES implementation at some regions could be limited by economic, geographical and climatic factors especially. The paper gives a review of the experience of power supply type selection for distant consumers given the specific northern continental conditions. The main goal of the paper is the methods estimating technical and economical efficiency of power supply system alternatives including centralized power supply and standalone microgrid implementation to select suitable power supply variant. © 2016, European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ). All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 13.1928.2014/KThe work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006 and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (in the framework of state assignment, №13.1928.2014/K (project №1928))

Electrical load forecasting

Some long-term design activities are based on electrical load forecasting. Forecasting errors result in the wrong decisions being made in the future. At present there are three widely used methods of forecasting: the method based on enlarged specific indexes (ESI), the econometric method and the self-sufficient method. All of these methods have their own disadvantages and errors in estimation. The main reasons for errors in areas such as objective reasoning, changes in production technology, the lack of reliable long-term forecasting for economy development and consumer infraction of load schedule are determined in this paper and an objective estimation for the forecasted error of different spheres of application is made. This work aims to determine a sphere of application for each of these methods and to develop a principal of combined application, so that they may decrease forecasting error. The purpose of this work consists of the creation of an electrical load forecasting method to obtain more reliable data for the different time periods and territory. A new method is presented, based on calculations carried out. Recommendations for all existing methods are given with reference to the calculations and the way that the combined application of several methods was introduced to increase the reliability of a forecast. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen