The Boltzmann equation for colourless plasmons in hot QCD plasma. Semiclassical approximation

Within the framework of the semiclassical approximation, we derive the Boltzmann equation describing the dynamics of colorless plasmons in a hot QCD plasma. The probability of the plasmon-plasmon scattering at the leading order in the coupling constant is obtained. This probability is gauge-independent at least in the class of the covariant and temporal gauges. It is noted that the structure of the scattering kernel possesses important qualitative difference from the corresponding one in the Abelian plasma, in spite of the fact that we focused our study on the colorless soft excitations. It is shown that four-plasmon decay is suppressed by the power of $g$ relative to the process of nonlinear scattering of plasmons by thermal particles at the soft momentum scale. It is stated that the former process becomes important in going to the ultrasoft region of the momentum scale.Comment: 41, LaTeX, minor changes, identical to published versio

CIRCULAR DICHROISM OF LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEXES FROM PURPLE PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

The CD spectra of a range of antenna complexes from several different species of purple photosynthetic bacteria were recorded in the wavelength range of 190 to 930 nm. Analysis of the far UV CD (190 to 250 nm) showed that in each case except for the B800-850 from Chr. vinosum the secondary structure of the light-harvesting complexes contains a large amount of α-helix (50%) and very little 0-pleated sheet. This confirms the predictions of the group of Zuber of a high a-helical content based upon consideration of the primary structures of several antenna apoproteins. The CD spectra from the carotenoids and the bacteriochlorophylls show considerable variations depending upon the type of antenna complex. The different amplitude ratios in the CD spectrum for the bacteriochlorophyll Qy, Qx and Soret bands indicate not only different degrees of exciton coupling, but also a strong and variable hyperchromism (Scherz and Parson, 1984a, b)

Studies of Biofilm Formation in Non-Pigmented and Plasmid-Deprived Mutants of <I>Yersinia pestis</I> on Biotic Surfaces, <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> Conditions

In non-pigmented and plasmid-deprived mutants – isogenic variants of highly virulent Yersinia pestis 231 strain – studied is the mechanism of biofilm formation on biotic surfaces, both in vitro (on the laboratory model of nematode Caenorhabdiitis elegans) and in vivo (inside the alimentary tract of Nosopsyllus laeviceps flea). It is determined that spontaneous loss of ability to form biofilms and generate pigmented colonies in the mutants is probably caused not only by the deletion of the whole chromosome pigmentation fragment, but also by a point(single base) mutation in structural hms operon. It is demonstrated that the absence of pCad, pFra or pPst plasmids does not have an impact on the ability of plasmid-deprived mutants to form biofilm on the cuticle of nematode C. elegans

Двухдиапазонная отражательная антенная решетка Ka/Q-диапазонов частот

Introduction. Duplex satellite communication is commonly arranged using two spaced frequency bands, with one band receiving and the other band transmitting signals to a satellite. The main task of a communications satellite antenna system consists in providing an identical coverage area across all involved frequency bands, which is often a challenging task for conventional parabolic reflector antennas. Reflectarrays allow an independent control of the reradiated wave phase in spaced frequency bands, which can be used to create efficient multi-band antenna systems for modern communication satellites.Aim. To develop a Ka/Q-frequency range phase-correcting element and to create on its basis a dual-band reflectarray for operation with orthogonal circular polarizations and identical gains in a given sector of angles in significantly spaced frequency ranges.Materials and methods. Numerical studies were carried out using the finite element analysis method. Radiation patterns were measured using the near field scanning method.Results. A single-layer dual-band phase-correcting reflectarray element was developed for operation with orthogonal circular polarizations with low losses and a weak dependence of the relative position of the elements on the phase characteristic. On the basis of the proposed element, a reflectarray consisting of 24 465 two-frequency elements was synthesized and manufactured. The developed prototype of a single-layer dual-band reflectarray demonstrated good characteristics, with the efficiency reaching 56 and 36 % in the Ka- and Q-frequency ranges, respectively, and an almost identical minimum gain in the ±0.75° angle sector.Conclusion. The research results confirm the potential of the developed reflectarray to successfully replace conventional parabolic reflectors installed both on modern communication satellites and as part of ground-based satellite terminals in the millimeter wavelength range.Введение. Для организации дуплексной спутниковой связи, как правило, используются два разнесенных диапазона частот: один – для приема, второй – для передачи сигнала на спутник. Основной задачей антенной системы спутника связи является обеспечение идентичной зоны покрытия во всех задействованных диапазонах частот, что зачастую затруднительно с использованием традиционных параболических зеркальных антенн. Отражательные антенные решетки (ОАР) позволяют осуществлять независимое управление фазой переизлученной волны в разнесенных диапазонах частот, что может быть использовано для создания эффективных многодиапазонных антенных систем современной спутниковой связи.Цель работы. Разработка фазокорректирующего элемента Ka/Q-диапазонов частот и создание на его основе двухдиапазонной ОАР для работы с ортогональными круговыми поляризациями, обладающей идентичными коэффициентами усиления (КУ) в заданном секторе углов в значительно разнесенных диапазонах частот.Материалы и методы. Численные исследования проведены методом конечных элементов. Характеристики направленности измерялись методом сканирования в ближнем поле антенны.Результаты. Разработан однослойный двухдиапазонный фазокорректирующий элемент ОАР для работы с ортогональными круговыми поляризациями с малыми потерями и слабой зависимостью фазовой характеристики от взаимного расположения элементов. На основе предложенного элемента синтезирована и изготовлена ОАР, состоящая из 24 465 двухчастотных элементов. Разработанный макет однослойной двухдиапазонной ОАР продемонстрировал хорошую эффективность, коэффициент использования поверхности достигает 56 и 36 %, соответственно, в Ka- и Q-диапазонах частот при практически идентичном минимальном КУ в секторе углов ±0.75°.Заключение. Результаты исследований показывают возможность ОАР с успехом замещать традиционные параболические рефлекторы как на современных спутниках связи, так и в составе наземных спутниковых терминалов в миллиметровом диапазоне длин волн

On the finding of brachiopod in metamorphic garnet-bearing rocks on the Middle Urals

The authors provide paleontological and mineralogical description of the finding of the brachiopod of Atrypinae gen. et sp. indet. of the Silurian (Llandovery) – Late Devonian (Frasnian) age in a well-formed garnet-almandine crystal. Field geologist D. L. Suslov was the one who found the brachiopod in high-aluminous gneisses in Verkholovsky garnet mine, which is a part of the Evgenie-Maximilianovsky (Palkinsky) mineral mines located in the southeastern part of the Verkhisetsky granite batholite, on the territory of the historical-landscape park "Istoki Iseti". The Verkholovsky garnet mine is located on the southern slope of Pup Mountain, about 6 km west of Ekaterinburg city, on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals. The stock of the Ural Geological Museum stores the sample containing the brachiopod imprint, its measures are 3 × 2.2 × 1.6 cm and it looks like a parallel aggregate of several garnet-almandine crystals. Main habitus forms of the garnet individuals are rhombododecahedron d{110} and tetragontrioctahedron n{211}, the latter forming thin facets of the rhombododecahedron edges. The shell imprint is not in the garnet crystals, but in the base of the sample, among the fine-grained light-brown mass, whose thickness is not more than 2–3 mm. The fine-grained mass previously probably was a carbonate matrix of the brachiopod, and during the growth of the garnet at the border of two heterogeneous media (carbonate and silicate), a local metasomatic process of substituting the garnet aggregate for the primary (carbonate) substance manifested. The article also contains a brief geological sketch of the place of the finding and an overview of information about other similar findings. Chemical U-Th-Pb-dating allowed to determine the age of monazite inclusions in garnet (344 million years)