Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of strontium ions retention by natural kaolinite and clinoptilolite minerals

The current study was devoted to the determination of various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters resulting from the fixation of Sr2+ by natural samples of kaolinite and clinoptilolite minerals. The sorption process followed pseudo second order kinetics, with faster sorption on kaolinite compared to clinoptilolite, where the uptake is affected by intraparticle diffusion. Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models described the data more adequately than Langmuir model, and clinoptilolite showed a higher strontium sorption capacity than kaolinite. Thermodynamically, the activation energy of Sr2+ sorption by kaolinite and clinoptilolite were respectively, -8.5 and -18.4 kJ/mol. The sorption process on both minerals was spontaneous and endothermic at all the studied concentrations, with ΔH° being 11.3 and 9.8 kJ/mol, for sorption on kaolinite and clinoptilolite, respectively. The findings of this study were compared with those of an earlier study on the uptake of Cs+ by the same minerals.İYTE: 2003 İYTE 0

Growth and uptake of sodium and potassium in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) under salinity stress

Vicia faba L. (broad bean or faba bean), a food crop of worldwide importance, is moderately tolerant of saline conditions, such as are increasingly common in Mediterranean countries and in Turkey. Our objective was to determine the influence of two salinity levels [50 and 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] and two potassium salts, potassium nitrate (KNO3) (N1 and N2) or potassium acetate (CH3COOK) (A1 and A2), on the development of seedlings of two cultivars of broad bean (cvs. Eresen 87 and Filiz 99) grown in pots of perlite under controlled greenhouse conditions. Flame photometer (FP) analysis of tissues from roots, stems, and leaves of 3-month-old seedlings showed significant differences in growth, internodal length, and potassium (K+)/sodium (Na+) ratios. The FP analyses revealed that Na+ was the ion most responsible for inhibition of growth parameters seen in both cultivars and salt treatments. K+ contents were consistently higher in cv. Filiz 99 than in cv. Eresen 87. Possible correlations between these data and the tolerance to salinity of these cultivars are discussed

The importance of the forest property right on forest protection

Özellikle son yıllarda hız kazanan genel kadastro çalışmalarına karşın, orman sınırlandırması ve orman kadastrosu çalışmalarındaki duyarsızlık ve teknik yetersizlikten dolayı önemli sayılabilecek miktarlarda orman alanları kaybedilmektedir. Trabzon ilinin Yeşilbük, Çakılca, Yeşilyurt, Sayvan ve Güney köylerinde kadastro çalışmaları 2000 yılından önce tamamlanmış ve yargıya intikal eden davalarla ilgili kararlar Yargıtayca onanmıştır. Söz konusu köylerde 766 sayılı tapulama yasası ve 3402 sayılı Kadastro yasası’na bağlı olarak kadastro çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda, mülkiyet anlaşmazlıklarının çözümünde farklı bilirkişi ve yargı kararları oluşmuştur. Ülkemizde orman varlığının korunması konusunda ciddi sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Bu sorunların en önemlilerinden birisi de orman olarak nitelendirilecek yerler ve sahiplerinin belirlenmemiş olmasıdır. Bölgedeki orman kadastro çalışmalarında, geleneksel kabuller ile yasal düzenlemeler arasındaki farklılıktan kaynaklanan sorunların yanı sıra, uygulayıcıların birbiriyle tam olarak örtüşmeyen kararları da çekişmelerin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu uyumsuzluğun orman-halk ilişkileri üzerinde olumsuz etki yaptığı, var olan mülkiyet sorununu arttırdığı gözlenmektedir.Even this is accepted as a most important problem of forestry in this region. In spite of general land parcelling which has been accelerated especially in recent years, a considerable amount of forest area has been lost because of insensitivity and technical insufficiency in the forest boundary and forestland parcelling. Cadastral works were finished in villages of Yeşilbük, Çakılca, Yeşilyurt and Güney in Trabzon and were approved by court of appeal. This Works were applied to land at those villages with Land Registry Law No. 766 and Cadastral Law no. 5304. As a result of studies, different expert and judgment decisions were become to solve of ownership disagreement. There are serious problems in conserving of forest lands in Turkey. One of these most important problems is describing forest lands and their owners. The differences between the traditional assertions and the legitimate arrangements, and also disagreements between decisions of forests have been the cause of the increasing conflicts of the cadastral surveys carried out in this region. It has been observed that these uncongenial decisions have created some negative impacts in relationships between forest organization and public, and have increased the problems in property right

Effect of magnesium carbonate on the uptake of aqueous zinc and lead ions by natural kaolinite and clinoptilolite

Adsorption behavior of Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions on kaolinite and clinoptilolite, originating from natural resources, was studied as a function of contact time and concentration. Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions are quickly adsorbed on both minerals and the uptake of the latter is more favored. The uptake of both ions was then examined on kaolinite–MgCO3 and clinoptilolite–MgCO3 mixtures over a metal ions range from 1 to 10 000 mg/L. The sorption behavior of Zn2+ and Pb2+ on pure MgCO3 was also studied. MgCO3 is much more effective in the retention of Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions, in particular at higher concentrations. The large increase in the retarded amounts of both ions was associated with formation of the hydroxy-carbonate phases; namely hydrozincite for Zn2+, and cerussite and hydrocerussite in the case of Pb2+

Determination of plutonium in seawater using co-precipitation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with ultrasonic nebulisation1

A flow injection–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometric (FI–ICP–MS) procedure, utilising ultrasonic nebulisation with membrane desolvation (USN/MD), has been developed for the determination of plutonium (Pu) in seawater at fg l−1 concentration levels. Seawater samples (1 l), after filtration, were subjected to co-precipitation with NdF3, followed by ion exchange to enrich Pu and to reject seawater matrix ions and co-existing uranium. The seawater concentrate (1.0 ml) was then analysed by FI–ICP–MS. The limit of detection for in seawater based on an enrichment factor of 1000 was 5 fg l−1, and precision at the 0.80 pg l−1 level was 12% RSD. Accuracy was verified via recovery experiments, and by comparing survey data for the Irish Sea with that derived by standard methodology based on co-precipitation and α-spectrometry. Concentrations for dissolved in the Irish Sea were in the range of 0.267–0.941 pg l−1 (0.614–2.164 mBq l−1) and 0.051–0.196 pg l−1 (0.428–1.646 mBq l−1), respectively

Effects of forest roads on foliage discoloration of oriental spruce by Ips typographus (L.)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of forest roads on foliage discoloration levels of oriental spruce Picea orientalis (L.) Link by Ips typographus (L.), considering location, ground slope and ground surface type of the spruce stands. The study was carried out over two years (2006-2007) in Artvin-Hatila National Park, Turkey. A total of 480 spruce trees from 12 stands were sampled. The results of the study were as follows: 1) locations of the trees (down-slope, up-slope, and forest interior plots) and ground surface types of the area (rocky and non-rocky grounds) significantly affected the foliage discoloration levels, 2) mean foliage discoloration level of trees were highest in the down-slope plots followed by up-slope and forest interior plots, 3) mean foliage discoloration level of trees grown up on the rocky stands were significantly greater than those on the non-rocky stands, and 4) mean stem volume of the trees with the foliage discoloration level 4 (death) were significantly greater than those with the other foliage discoloration levels (0, 1, 2, 3)

Application of experimental design on determination of aluminum content in saline samples by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry

Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric determination of aluminum at ng mL-1 levels in salt samples based on the metal complexation with Calcon (1-(2-hydroxynaphthylazo)-2 naphthol-4-sulfonic acid) and the subsequent adsorptive deposition onto a hanging mercury drop electrode was studied. Central composite design was used as a design method. Several chemical and instrumental parameters (pH, ligand concentration, deposition time, deposition potential, and complexing time) were involved in the experimental design. Analytical parameters such as repeatability, linearity, and accuracy were also investigated and the detection limit was found as 0.32 ng mL-1.Ege University research fund (Project no: 2004 Fen 071

An investigation on roundwood extraction of Fagus orientalis lipsky, Abies nordmanniana (Stew.) Spach. and Picea orientalis (L.) Link. by Urus M III forest skyline on snow

Harvesting and transportation of woods from forest are extremely difficult, expensive and timeconsuming operations. In the most regions of Turkey, the application of mechanized harvesting equipment is currently very limited due to low labor cost and high fuel cost. In Turkish forestry, the most common harvesting method is cut-to-length system, which is carried out intensively during the late spring and summer, as well as during the winter with a limited extent. In this study, productivity of roundwood extraction (Fagus orientalis Lipsky., Abies nordmanniana (Stew.) Spach. and Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) by Urus M III skyline on snow in Artvin, Turkey was investigated. The average total time of shift was measured as 13.10 min for uphill logging and 22.92 min for downhill logging. Increases in number of pieces, log diameter, log length and log volume increased the total transportation time. The results also indicated that the productivity value of Urus MIII skyline varies among the sites (5.87 m³/h in Site-1, 6.82 m³/h in Site-2, 4.08 m³/h in Site-3 for uphill and 1.69 m³/h in Site-4 downhill), and uphill yarding by Urus MIII was more productive than downhill yarding on snow

Kalça kırıklı yaşlı Türk hasta grubunda bir ve iki yıllık mortaliteyi etkileyen faktörler

Amaç: Kalça kırıkları ileri yaşların fonksiyon kaybı ve ölüm ile sonuçlanabilen ciddi sağlık sorunlarındandır. Bu çalışmada amaç kalça kırığı sonrası yaşlı Türk hastalarda değişik risk faktörlerinin mortalite üzerine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: 2001-2006 yılları arasında kalça kırığı nedeniyle ameliyat edilmiş, 60 yaş ve üzeri, en az iki yıllık takibi olan 240 hastanın (ort. yaş 76.0±8.2) demografik verileri, ameliyat öncesi süreleri, anestezi ve ASA fiziksel durumu, başvuru albumin düzeyi ile ek morbiditeleri incelendi. Bulgular: Geliş albumin seviyesi 3.45±0.62 g/dl olarak bulundu. Yüz sekiz hastada (%45) albumin düşüklüğü vardı. Albumin düzeyine göre bir ve iki yıl mortalite oranı anlamlı değildi. Ameliyat öncesi yatış süreleri incelendiğinde; birinci yıl mortalitesi erkek hastalarda istatistiksel anlamlı yüksek bulunurken (p=0.015), ikinci yıl mortalitesi bulunmadı. ASA fiziksel skorları yüksek olan hastaların birinci yıl mortaliteleri ile korelasyonunun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu (p=0.002), ikinci yılda ise olmadığı (p=0.169) saptandı. Cinsiyet incelendiğinde, birinci yıl mortalitesi erkekler için yüksek bulundu (p=0.001). Sonuç: Yüksek ASA skorlarına ek morbiditeler nedeniyle yaşlı hastalarda sık karşılaşılmaktadır. Preoperatif hazırlık sürecinin ASA skoru yüksek olan hastalarda uzun olması nedeniyle ameliyat öncesi süre uzayabilmektedir. Kalça kırığı olan hastaların bir ve iki yıllık mortalite öngörüsünde ASA fiziksel durumu ve ameliyat öncesi gecikmenin önemli belirteçler olduğu görüşündeyiz.Objectives: Hip fractures are one of the most serious causes of impairment and death in the elderly. The aim of this study is to identify the effects of different risk factors on mortality after a hip fracture in elderly Turkish patients. Patients and Methods: Two-hundred forty patients (>60 years; mean age 76.0±8.2 years) who were operated for fracture of the hip from 2001 to 2006 were investigated. Demographic data, preoperative length of hospital stay, anesthesia type and ASA physical status, albumin level at admission and comorbidities were recorded. Results: Mean albumin level was 3.45±0.62 g/dl. Onehundred eight (45%) had hypoalbuminemia. The difference between mortality rates of normo- and hypoalbuminemic patients were not significant at one and two-year. According to preoperative length of stay; one-year mortality was significantly higher in male patients (p=0.015) while two-year mortality was not. One-year mortality was related with high ASA physical status scores (p=0.002) while two-year mortality was not (p=0.169). According to gender; one-year mortality was found higher in men (p=0.001). Conclusion: Due to comorbidities, high ASA scores are common in elderly patients. Since the preoperative evaluation in high ASA physical status is longer, this may prolong the preoperative hospital stay. Delay after admission and high ASA physical status are important predictors of mortality for elderly hip fracture patients