Estudio sedimentológico en la cuenca de la quebrada La Floresta en los municipios de Pailitas y Tamalameque, departamento del Cesar, Colombia

Introduction:  La Floresta brook is located between the municipalities of Pailitas and Tamalameque, has an extension of 13,500 hectares, where granulometric studies, humidity and sediment volume estimation contributed by the basin through the model EROSUP-U. Objective: In order to quantify the sedimentological contribution and classify the soil type based on AASTHO and USC. Methodology: 84 samples were collected, each 10mts and 15mts, following the methodology proposed by the Federal Electricity Commission of Mexico.  Results: The volumetric estimation, applying the universal equation of soil loss (EUPS), establishes that the sedimentological contribution of the brook is of 4,944,679,344.77 m3 / year; the soil was classified into four (4) groups (A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-6), the most representative is A-1-a with 84.52% of the samples analyzed. Conclusions: La Floresta brook has a wide granulometric variability of sediments, with a greater proportion of gravel, coarse sand and fine sand, with or without well-graduated fine material, with a predominance of gravels and a sedimentological contribution of 4,944,679,344.77 m3 / year.    Introducción: La quebrada La Floresta se localiza entre los municipios de Pailitas y Tamalameque, cuenta con una extensión de 13.500 hectáreas, donde se realizaron estudios granulométricos, humedad y estimación de volumen de sedimentos aportados por la cuenca mediante el modelo EROSUP-U. Objetivo: Cuantificar el aporte sedimentológico de la quebrada La Floresta y clasificar tipos de suelo basado en AASTHO y USC. Metodología: Se recolectaron 84 muestras, cada 10 mts y 15 mts, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por la Comisión Federal de Electricidad de México. Resultados: La estimación volumétrica, aplicando la ecuación universal de perdida de suelo (EUPS), establece que el aporte sedimentológico de la quebrada es de 4.944.679.344,77 m3/año; el suelo se clasificó en cuatro (4) grupos (A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-6), el más representativo es el A-1-a con un 84.52% de las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones: La quebrada La Floresta cuenta con una amplia variabilidad granulométrica de  sedimentos, siendo de mayor proporción las grava, arena gruesa y arena fina, con o sin material fino bien graduado, con predominio de gravas y un aporte sedimentológico de 4.944.679.344,77 m3/año

Kv1.3 blockade by ShK186 modulates CD4+ effector memory T-cell activity of patients with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

OBJECTIVES: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a chronic relapsing systemic autoimmune vasculitis. Current treatment of GPA is unsatisfactory as it relies on strong immunosuppressive regimens, with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab, that reduce the immunogenicity of several vaccines and are risk factors of severe form of COVID-19. This emphasizes the need to identify new drug target and to develop treatment strategies with less harmful side effects. Since CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) play a key role in the pathogenesis of GPA, we aimed in this study to modulate CD4+TEM cell activity via Kv1.3 blockade using the specific peptide inhibiter, ShK-186.METHODS: Peripheral blood of 27 GPA-patients in remission and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were pre-incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of ShK-186, followed by stimulation with PMA, calcium ionophore and brefeldin-A. The effect of ShK-186 on the cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, IL-21) within total and subsets of CD4+TH cells were assessed using flow cytometry.RESULTS: ShK-186 reduced the expression level of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-21 in CD4+TH cells from GPA-patients in vitro. Further analysis performed on sorted CD4+T cell subsets, revealed that ShK-186 predominantly inhibited the cytokine production of CD4+TEM cells. ShK-186 treatment reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to the level seen in CD4+ TH cells from HCs.CONCLUSIONS: Modulation of cellular effector function by ShK-186 may constitute a novel treatment strategy for GPA with high specificity and less harmful side effects.</p

Kv1.3 blockade by ShK186 modulates CD4+ effector memory T-cell activity of patients with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

OBJECTIVES: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a chronic relapsing systemic autoimmune vasculitis. Current treatment of GPA is unsatisfactory as it relies on strong immunosuppressive regimens, with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab, that reduce the immunogenicity of several vaccines and are risk factors of severe form of COVID-19. This emphasizes the need to identify new drug target and to develop treatment strategies with less harmful side effects. Since CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) play a key role in the pathogenesis of GPA, we aimed in this study to modulate CD4+TEM cell activity via Kv1.3 blockade using the specific peptide inhibiter, ShK-186.METHODS: Peripheral blood of 27 GPA-patients in remission and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were pre-incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of ShK-186, followed by stimulation with PMA, calcium ionophore and brefeldin-A. The effect of ShK-186 on the cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, IL-21) within total and subsets of CD4+TH cells were assessed using flow cytometry.RESULTS: ShK-186 reduced the expression level of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-21 in CD4+TH cells from GPA-patients in vitro. Further analysis performed on sorted CD4+T cell subsets, revealed that ShK-186 predominantly inhibited the cytokine production of CD4+TEM cells. ShK-186 treatment reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to the level seen in CD4+ TH cells from HCs.CONCLUSIONS: Modulation of cellular effector function by ShK-186 may constitute a novel treatment strategy for GPA with high specificity and less harmful side effects.</p

Kv1.3 blockade by ShK186 modulates CD4+ effector memory T-cell activity of patients with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

OBJECTIVES: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a chronic relapsing systemic autoimmune vasculitis. Current treatment of GPA is unsatisfactory as it relies on strong immunosuppressive regimens, with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab, that reduce the immunogenicity of several vaccines and are risk factors of severe form of COVID-19. This emphasizes the need to identify new drug target and to develop treatment strategies with less harmful side effects. Since CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) play a key role in the pathogenesis of GPA, we aimed in this study to modulate CD4+TEM cell activity via Kv1.3 blockade using the specific peptide inhibiter, ShK-186.METHODS: Peripheral blood of 27 GPA-patients in remission and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were pre-incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of ShK-186, followed by stimulation with PMA, calcium ionophore and brefeldin-A. The effect of ShK-186 on the cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, IL-21) within total and subsets of CD4+TH cells were assessed using flow cytometry.RESULTS: ShK-186 reduced the expression level of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-21 in CD4+TH cells from GPA-patients in vitro. Further analysis performed on sorted CD4+T cell subsets, revealed that ShK-186 predominantly inhibited the cytokine production of CD4+TEM cells. ShK-186 treatment reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to the level seen in CD4+ TH cells from HCs.CONCLUSIONS: Modulation of cellular effector function by ShK-186 may constitute a novel treatment strategy for GPA with high specificity and less harmful side effects.</p

Kv1.3 blockade by ShK186 modulates CD4+ effector memory T-cell activity of patients with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

OBJECTIVES: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a chronic relapsing systemic autoimmune vasculitis. Current treatment of GPA is unsatisfactory as it relies on strong immunosuppressive regimens, with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab, that reduce the immunogenicity of several vaccines and are risk factors of severe form of COVID-19. This emphasizes the need to identify new drug target and to develop treatment strategies with less harmful side effects. Since CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) play a key role in the pathogenesis of GPA, we aimed in this study to modulate CD4+TEM cell activity via Kv1.3 blockade using the specific peptide inhibiter, ShK-186.METHODS: Peripheral blood of 27 GPA-patients in remission and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were pre-incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of ShK-186, followed by stimulation with PMA, calcium ionophore and brefeldin-A. The effect of ShK-186 on the cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, IL-21) within total and subsets of CD4+TH cells were assessed using flow cytometry.RESULTS: ShK-186 reduced the expression level of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-21 in CD4+TH cells from GPA-patients in vitro. Further analysis performed on sorted CD4+T cell subsets, revealed that ShK-186 predominantly inhibited the cytokine production of CD4+TEM cells. ShK-186 treatment reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to the level seen in CD4+ TH cells from HCs.CONCLUSIONS: Modulation of cellular effector function by ShK-186 may constitute a novel treatment strategy for GPA with high specificity and less harmful side effects.</p

Kv1.3 blockade by ShK186 modulates CD4+ effector memory T-cell activity of patients with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

OBJECTIVES: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a chronic relapsing systemic autoimmune vasculitis. Current treatment of GPA is unsatisfactory as it relies on strong immunosuppressive regimens, with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab, that reduce the immunogenicity of several vaccines and are risk factors of severe form of COVID-19. This emphasizes the need to identify new drug target and to develop treatment strategies with less harmful side effects. Since CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) play a key role in the pathogenesis of GPA, we aimed in this study to modulate CD4+TEM cell activity via Kv1.3 blockade using the specific peptide inhibiter, ShK-186.METHODS: Peripheral blood of 27 GPA-patients in remission and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were pre-incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of ShK-186, followed by stimulation with PMA, calcium ionophore and brefeldin-A. The effect of ShK-186 on the cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, IL-21) within total and subsets of CD4+TH cells were assessed using flow cytometry.RESULTS: ShK-186 reduced the expression level of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-21 in CD4+TH cells from GPA-patients in vitro. Further analysis performed on sorted CD4+T cell subsets, revealed that ShK-186 predominantly inhibited the cytokine production of CD4+TEM cells. ShK-186 treatment reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to the level seen in CD4+ TH cells from HCs.CONCLUSIONS: Modulation of cellular effector function by ShK-186 may constitute a novel treatment strategy for GPA with high specificity and less harmful side effects.</p

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 13

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público. El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTFAG) - Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kléber Ramírez (UPTM) - Mérida - Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (CABBOPP) - Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE) - Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CEDINTER) - Antioquia – Colombia y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Carbon metabolism of intracellular bacteria

Bacterial metabolism has been studied intensively since the first observations of these 'animalcules' by Leeuwenhoek and their isolation in pure cultures by Pasteur. Metabolic studies have traditionally focused on a small number of model organisms, primarily the Gram negative bacillus Escherichia coli, adapted to artificial culture conditions in the laboratory. Comparatively little is known about the physiology and metabolism of wild microorganisms living in their natural habitats. For approximately 500-1000 species of commensals and symbionts, and a smaller number of pathogenic bacteria, that habitat is the human body. Emerging evidence suggests that the metabolism of bacteria grown in vivo differs profoundly from their metabolism in axenic cultures