Bleak House. No. 12

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Charge screening and magnetic anisotropy in metallic rare-earth systems

The calculation of magnetic anisotropy constants is performed beyond the point charge model for a continuous charge density distribution of screening conduction electrons. An important role of the non-uniform electron density, in particular, of the Friedel oscillations, in the formation of crystal field is demonstrated. Such effects can modify strongly the effective ion (impurity) charge and even change its sign. This enables one to justify the anion model, which is often used at discussing experimental data on hydrogen-containing systems. Possible applications to the pure rare-earth metals and RCo5 compounds are discussed. The deformation of magnetic structure near the interstitial positive muon owing to the strong local anisotropy, and the corresponding contribution to the dipole field at the muon are considered.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX, 3 figure

Optical and Tribological Properties of PVD/CVD Diamond-like Carbon Films

The optical and tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by the combination of magnetron sputtering of graphite and plasmochemical dissociation of methane were studied. It was established that at methane concentration in the gas mixture Ar/CH4 at about 5–10 % the formation of DLC films with refraction index n 2.0, microhardness larger than 1000 HK and friction coefficient of 0.06–0.08 becomes possible

Optical and Tribological Properties of PVD/CVD Diamond-like Carbon Films

The optical and tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by the combination of magnetron sputtering of graphite and plasmochemical dissociation of methane were studied. It was established that at methane concentration in the gas mixture Ar/CH4 at about 5–10 % the formation of DLC films with refraction index n 2.0, microhardness larger than 1000 HK and friction coefficient of 0.06–0.08 becomes possible

Oxidation of cellulose in pressurized carbon dioxide

This work presents first results upon oxidation of type II cellulose by nitrogen dioxide dissolved in carbon dioxide at high pressure. This reaction leads to oxidized cellulose, a natural-based bioresorbable fabric used for biomedical applications. The oxidation reaction takes place in a heterogeneous fluid–solid system. Kinetics of oxidation is presented here and effects of operating conditions such as pressure, temperature and initial moisture content of cellulose are investigated. Results are presented in terms of degree of oxidation of cellulose and quality of the final oxidized cellulose, which has been characterized using liquid-state and solid-state 13C NMR. The experimental results show the existence of possible secondary reactions which may lead to oxidized cellulose with insufficient mechanical strength. An attempt is made to evidence and understand the role of CO2 as a solvent in this system. Indeed, although supercritical CO2 appears to be a suitable candidate as a solvent for oxidation reactions, some inhibiting effect on nitrogen dioxide activity are observed in this case

COMPLICATED FORMS OF DIVERTICULAR DISEASE OF THE COLONIN THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY SURGERY

Case histories of patients with complicated forms of diverticular disease of the colon were retrospectively studied. Diverticulum perforation prevailed in the structure of the complications of diverticular disease of the colon. The most common complication was perforation of diverticulum, of sigmoid colon. In the age + group the patients of 50—60 years dominated. Both one-step operations and multi-stage intervention, were used in the surgical treatment of patients with perforations of diverticulum of the colon. The preference was given to surgical interventions with the formation of colostomy

Dynamics of the Image of the Steppe in E. P. Rostopchina’s Creative Work

Поступила в редакцию: 20.11.2022. Принята к печати: 02.02.2023.Submitted: 20.11.2022. Accepted: 02.02.2023.Динамика степного хронотопа в творчестве Е. П. Ростопчиной до настоящего времени не становилась предметом анализа. Между тем исследование этого пространственно-временного континуума позволяет уточнить представление о творческой эволюции писательницы — спорного в литературоведении вопроса. Опираясь на представления о хронотопе и, в частности, степном хронотопе, изложенные в трудах отечественных литературоведов (М. М. Бахтина, Ю. М. Лотмана, В. Н. Топорова), авторы статьи доказывают, что образ степи в творчестве Е. П. Ростопчиной динамичен. В аннинский период творчества степь — «безжизненная», «печальная», «безмолвная», чужая и необозримая пустыня, в которой неуютно и одиноко личности, полной физических и духовных сил. В петербургский период возникает образ степи как обжитого пространства, ставшего спасительной «кельей» для чутких и возвышенных натур, утомленных бессмысленным круговоротом светской жизни. Наконец, в поздний московский период появляется символический национальный образ степи, который ассоциируется с вечным русским миром: героическим прошлым России, ее непростым настоящим и простирающимся в бесконечную даль будущим. Опираясь на традиционные трактовки степи, существующие в русской литературе (А. С. Пушкин, Н. В. Гоголь, П. А. Вяземский и др.), Е. П. Ростопчина вносит и свои смысловые нюансы в этот образ. Рассмотрение хронотопа степи в его динамике позволяет сделать вывод о том, какой вклад внесла Е. П. Ростопчина в формирование «степного текста» как специфически национального для русской литературы.The dynamics of the steppe chronotope in the work of E. P. Rostopchina has not been the subject of analysis previously. Meanwhile, the study of this space-time continuum makes it possible to clarify the idea of the creative evolution of the writer which is a controversial issue in literary studies. Based on the ideas about the chronotope and, more particularly, the steppe chronotope set forth in the works of Russian literary critics (M. M. Bakhtin, Yu. M. Lotman, V. N. Toporov), the authors of the article prove that the image of the steppe in E. P. Rostopchina’s works is dynamic. During the Anna period of her creative work, the steppe is “lifeless”, “sad”, “silent”, an alien and boundless desert, in which a person full of physical and spiritual strength is uncomfortable and lonely. During the St Petersburg period, the image of the steppe appears as a habitable space that has become a saving “cell” for sensitive and exalted souls tired of the meaningless whirlwind of secular life. Finally, in the late Moscow period, a symbolic national image of the steppe emerges, which is associated with the eternal Russian world: Russia’s heroic past, its difficult present, and the future stretching infinitely. Relying on the traditional interpretations of the steppe existing in Russian literature (A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol, P. A. Vyazemsky, etc.), E. P. Rostopchina brings her own semantic nuances to this image. The consideration of the chronotope of the steppe in its dynamics makes it possible to conclude what contribution E. P. Rostopchina made to the formation of the “steppe text” as a specifically national one for Russian literature

Mechanisms of oxygen-dependent microbicidal system of neutrophils in the prognosis of acute pancreatitis

We observed 42 patients with, confirmed diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. We studied, the dynamics of spontaneous and stimulated. NBT-test and. the myeloperoxidase activity in conjunction, with, traditional clinical and. hardware methods of examination. The benchmarks of oxygen-enzyme systems of neutmphils and their conelation are important. Analysis of these indices makes it possible to predict the seventy of the disease, to determine the optimal timing opemtion and possible complications in the postoperative period

DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE OF NEUTROPHILS AT THE ACUTE PANCREATITIS

We examined 1546 patients with, acute pancreatitis. Activity of alkaline phosphatase (АР) of neutrophils was studied in dynamics in 227 patients with, acute pancreatitis. The study was conducted on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7—10th days at the conservative therapy and. on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and. 12th days after the operation, and. then — as necessary. Activity of АР of neutrophils in patients with acute pancreatitis regardless of the degree of gravity is reliably increased, and. the more severe disease process is the higher activity of alkaline phosphatase of neutrophils is. IAAN has more diagnostic and. prognostic value. When interpreting the AAN index it is expedient to mark out two values of IAAN from our point of view. The first value is when IAAN is in the range from +1 to 0, it shows that destructive process is unlikely and. the patient needs conservative treatment. The second, value is a negative value of IAAN from 0 to 1. When using these values of IAAN destructive process doesn't cause doubts and. these patients need surgeries