Influence of heterogeneity of the reinforcing bars in the cross section on the testimony of portable hardness

It is considered one of the most important trends in the field of inspection and quality control of existing structures.The basic methods for determining the class of reinforcement in concrete examination of buildings and structures. The possibility of using portable hardness in practice. Attention is paid to methods for treating the side surface of reinforcement stem. Experimental data showing the unevenness of reinforcement strength readings across the section depending on the depth of cut. Theconclusionsabouttheneedforadditionaltesting

Influence of heterogeneity of the reinforcing bars in the cross section on the testimony of portable hardness

It is considered one of the most important trends in the field of inspection and quality control of existing structures.The basic methods for determining the class of reinforcement in concrete examination of buildings and structures. The possibility of using portable hardness in practice. Attention is paid to methods for treating the side surface of reinforcement stem. Experimental data showing the unevenness of reinforcement strength readings across the section depending on the depth of cut. Theconclusionsabouttheneedforadditionaltesting

Determination of the issue strength characteristics of concrete structures in survey reconstructed buildings

At the moment the reconstruction is one of the priority areas in the construction. With reconstruction manage to solve many issues that arise in the real estate and land shortage. Occasionally, to obtain the required area, there is need for new construction. Suffice it during the reconstruction to add floor or make an addition. Reconstruction is also necessary if, without changing the appearance of the building, we have to completely change the interior layout. There are other methods to increase the usable area, connected with reconstruction

Determination of the issue strength characteristics of concrete structures in survey reconstructed buildings

At the moment the reconstruction is one of the priority areas in the construction. With reconstruction manage to solve many issues that arise in the real estate and land shortage. Occasionally, to obtain the required area, there is need for new construction. Suffice it during the reconstruction to add floor or make an addition. Reconstruction is also necessary if, without changing the appearance of the building, we have to completely change the interior layout. There are other methods to increase the usable area, connected with reconstruction

Клинико-экономическая оценка целесообразности применения квадритерапии у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью со сниженной фракцией выброса в медицинских организациях Московской области

Objective: assessment of feasibility of using four-component drug therapy for patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (CHFrEF) in medical organizations of the Moscow Region (MR).Material and methods. Clinical and economic analysis of combined standard therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists in combination with dapagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) in the treatment of patients with CHFrEF was carried out. The effectiveness criteria were the number of prevented cardiovascular (CV) deaths and the percentage of the contribution to the achievement of the target indicator to reduce mortality from circulatory diseases within the framework of the regional program “Health care development”. In order to determine the economic feasibility of quadritherapy, direct medical costs for the implemented technology were calculated, the cost of one prevented CV death was determined based on the values of the number needed to treat (NNT) indicator. Budget impact analysis was performed which allowed to build two analytical models. Results. It was shown that the use of quadritherapy can significantly contribute to achieving the target indicator by additionally preventing 512 CV deaths by 2024, which will make it possible to fulfill up to 74.74% of the indicator set by the MR state program “Health care of the Moscow Region” (451.4 persons per 100 thousand population). Using quadruple therapy in 1000 target patients during the first year will prevent 11 CV deaths (NNT 90 persons). The cost of one prevented CV death was 3.860 million rubles. The budget impact analysis made it possible to determine that when CHF patients switch from standard treatment regimens to quadritherapy, including in combination with a drug of the angiotensin/neprilysin receptor inhibitor group (valsartan + sacubitril), this will entail an increase in healthcare system budget costs by 18.8%.Conclusion. The results demonstrate that the standard therapy in combination with the innovative drug dapagliflozin leads to a proven reduction in mortality from circulatory diseases. This technology is a cost-effective approach to organizing medical care for adult patients with CHFrEF on the MR territory.Цель: оценка целесообразности применения четырехкомпонентной лекарственной терапии для лечения пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью со сниженной фракцией выброса (ХСНнФВ) в медицинских организациях Московской области (МО).Материал и методы. Проведен клинико-экономический анализ комбинированной стандартной терапии лекарственными препаратами классов ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента, бета-адреноблокаторов, антагонистов минералокортикоидных рецепторов в комплексе с препаратом группы ингибитора натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2-го типа дапаглифлозин при лечении пациентов с ХСНнФВ. В качестве критериев эффективности выступали показатели количества предотвращенных сердечно-сосудистых (СС) смертей и процент вклада в достижение целевого показателя по снижению смертности от болезней системы кровообращения в рамках региональной программы «Развитие здравоохранения» МО. В целях определения экономической целесообразности применения квадритерапии рассчитаны прямые медицинские затраты на внедряемую технологию, определена стоимость одной предотвращенной СС-смерти на основании значений показателя числа больных, которых необходимо пролечить (англ. number needed to treat, NNT). Проведен анализ влияния на бюджет, в рамках которого построены две аналитические модели.Результаты. Показано, что применение квадритерапии способно внести существенный вклад в достижение целевого показателя путем дополнительного предотвращения 512 СС-смертей к 2024 г., что позволит выполнить до 74,74% от индикатора, установленного государственной программой МО «Здравоохранение Подмосковья» (451,4 чел. на 100 тыс. населения). Применение четырехкомпонентной терапии у 1 тыс. целевых пациентов в течение первого года позволит предотвратить 11 СС-смертей (NNT 90 чел.). Стоимость одной предотвращенной СС-смерти составила 3,860 млн руб. Анализ влияния на бюджет позволил определить, что при переходе пациентов с ХСН со стандартных схем лечения на квадритерапию, в т.ч. в комбинации с препаратом группы ингибиторов рецепторов ангиотензина/неприлизина (валсартан + сакубитрил), повлечет за собой рост затрат бюджета системы здравоохранения на 18,8%. Заключение. Полученные результаты демонстрируют, что применение стандартной терапии в комбинации с инновационным препаратом дапаглифлозин ведет к доказанному снижению смертности населения от болезней системы кровообращения. Данная технология является экономически целесообразным подходом к организации медицинской помощи взрослым пациентам с ХСНнФВ на территории МО

Using reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag and fused fluxes when developing a procedure for analysis of slag-forming mixtures using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Introduction. Slag-forming mixtures play an important role in obtaining metal without non-metallic inclusions. Required properties of slag-forming mixtures (SFMs) directly depend on their chemical composition, that is why control of individual component content in a mixture is an important stage in the technological chain of metallurgical production. At the present time, it is a common practice to use inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES for analyzing SFMs, requiring sample preparation by alloying with alkali fluxes, which makes it impossible to determine potassium and sodium oxides in a sample. That is why it is necessary to work out a procedure for simultaneous determination of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, potassium, and sodium oxides by the method of ICP-AES, which would include quantitative transferring of all components into a solution. For that purpose, it is suggested to use microwave digestion of samples in autoclaves.The purpose was to develop a procedure for simultaneous determination of specified components of SFMs using ICP-AES after transferring the sample into a solution in an autoclave under conditions of microwave heating, and to certify it reference materials of slag and fluxes.Materials and methods. Compositional analysis of slag-forming mixtures was conducted using an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma «iCAP 6500 Duo»; sample digestion was conducted with the use of the microwave system «ETHOS PLUS». The following brands of SFMs were chosen as research objects: Melubir 9563 and Accutherm ST-SP/235AL4D; AlsifluxGS-C7; SRCP015, SRCP173P. For calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining the specified components, the following reference materials were used: reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag, and fused fluxes, which have close chemical composition.Research results. An ICP-AES analysis procedure has been developed for calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining CaO, SiO2 , MgO, Al2 O3 , K2 O, Na2 O in reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag and fused fluxes, which allows to establish target components of SFMs quickly and reliably

Fixed and separate combination of solifenacin and tamsulosin in urinary disorders associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a choice based on price and value comparison

Objective. To determine the consequences of the use of a fi xed combination of solifenacin and tamsulosin in patients whom recommended the prescription of these drugs. Methods. Analysis of prices of drugs solifenacin + tamsulosin controlled release (Vasomni), solifenacin (Vesicare), tamsulosin controlled release (Omnic Okas) and tamsulosin modifi ed-release (several registered trade names of the drug) conducted on the basis of information from several sources: 1 — the register of maximum ex-works prices of manufacturers of vital and essential medicines, 2 — data on average prices in pharmacies of Moscow (as of 15.02.2018), 3 — weighted average prices of public procurement for 2018 according to the monitoring of the pharmaceutical market. To determine the points of relative value of drugs, a survey of experts was conducted: 1 — to determine the values of the criteria for the drugs under consideration — urologists; 2 — to determine the weight of the criteria — persons involved in the decision-making on the selection and purchase of drugs. Results. We found that the cost of the equivalent course dose of Vesomni was on 40-42 % lower than the combination of drugs Vesicar and Omnik Okas. Compared with the non-fi xed combination of solifenacin with tamsulosin in a drug form with modifi ed release, no signifi cant diff erences in price levels were found. At the same time, the relative value of a fi xed combination is 5-6 percentage points higher compared to non-fi xed combinations, mainly due to ease of use. Conclusion. Use of a fi xed combination of solifenacin + tamsulosin can lead to budget savings with an increase in the level of relative value

Influence of the material of weighing bottles on loss-on-drying reproducibility

One of the factors influencing the uncertainty of residual moisture measurements in biological medicinal products is the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surfaces of weighing bottles and laboratory balances, which results in poor weighing reproducibility. The authors believe that the simplest and most economical solution to this problem is to use weighing bottles made of a conductive material, e.g. metal. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the reproducibility of loss-on-drying (LOD) methods. Materials and methods: Model samples for the study were prepared from a sucrose-gelatin medium by lyophilisation and subsequent moisture sorption to achieve a certain residual moisture content. The authors assessed the samples’ mass uniformity using Shewhart’s X-charts, and analysed their residual moisture content using a loss-on-drying procedure with glass and metal weighing bottles. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by calculating the main statistical indicators: Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F-test. Results: Four batches of model samples were prepared and standardised in terms of average mass using Shewhart’s charts. The effect of weighing bottle materials was most pronounced at low residual moisture contents (less than 0.5%), with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the results obtained with glass and metal weighing bottles reaching 76% and 35%, respectively. For the samples with a higher residual moisture content (2–5%), the minimum RSDs with glass and metal weighing bottles were 15% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions: The study allowed for evaluating the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the results of LOD measurements and demonstrated a higher reproducibility with metal weighing bottles. This confirms the possibility of using metal weighing bottles in quality assessment of biological medicinal products for human use with LOD methods

Lyophilisation of bacterial test strains in a manifold-type apparatus: Effects of freezing and drying parameters, ampoule fill volume, and cotton filter density

Scientific relevance. Lyophilisation is the preferred method at the National Collection of Pathogenic Microorganisms (NCPM) of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Lyophilisation is used to provide for high standards of test-strain deposition, storage, and transportation and to ensure that test strains maintain their properties. Successful lyophilisation requires conducting experiments to establish the key parameters and critical conditions of the process.Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality of NCPM indicator microorganisms lyophilised in a manifold-type apparatus.Materials and methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 12924, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, and Salmonella Abony NCTC 6017 were freeze-dried using a manifold-type apparatus (M. S. R. 18, Usifroid). The authors used a low-temperature freezer at –70±2 °C for slow freezing and a mixture of dry ice and alcohol for quick freezing. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.Results. The minimum time needed for freezing the samples in a low-temperature freezer at –70±2 °C was 4 hours. Further storage at this temperature for up to 1 month was shown possible without compromising the quality of the final product. The time needed for freezing the samples in a mixture of dry ice and alcohol was under 1 minute. No differences in quality parameters were observed between the lyophilised samples frozen slowly or quickly, except for the cake appearance. Quick freezing resulted in cakes that were non-uniform, crumbled, and pulled away from the ampoule walls, which is considered undesirable. The primary drying stage for ampoules with a fill volume of 0.2 mL took 6–8 hours. The secondary drying stage of 11, 18, 35, and 59 hours resulted in comparable lyophilisate quality: the authors observed no statistically significant differences in viable cell counts (CFU/mL) at the end of lyophilisation and at the end of stress testing. The residual moisture content after 59-hour secondary drying was less than 2%. The cotton filter density had a critical influence on the lyophilisate quality. Therefore, the authors recommend using cotton filters weighing 50 mg or less.Conclusions. The authors analysed the main stages of the lyophilisation process used for NCPM test strains and considered the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality of the final lyophilised product. The NCPM has implemented the results of this study in its work