Trying again: repartnering after dissolution of a union

The paper uses the first 10 waves of the British Household Panel Survey to study the length of cohabiting unions started in the 1990s, and the time it takes to find a new partner for people who dissolved a marriage or cohabiting union in the 1990s. It finds that the time spent living together in cohabiting unions before either marrying each other or the union dissolving is usually very short. Seventy percent of people leaving a cohabiting union find new partners within five years. This compares with the considerably lower figure of 43% for people leaving a marriage. Older people, whether they have been married or cohabiting, typically repartner more slowly. Repartnering also happens more slowly for widows and widowers, and for individuals who have custody of a child (most of whom are women)

Parent and adult-child interactions: empirical evidence from Britain

The paper uses new data from the British Household Panel Survey to study frequency of contact of parents with their adult children, and help received by parents from them. It also investigates the extent to which adult children benefit from their parents help, both financial and in-kind, such as childcare. The empirical analysis is motivated by a theoretical model of an efficient extended family, and a number of predictions about the impact of parents and childrens economic resources on these interactions are consistent with the model. But there are also some findings that are hard to reconcile with it or other economic theories of family interaction

Investigations into the structure and function of the exocrine pancreas of lampreys. [Translation from: Morph.Jb. 110 245-269, 1967.]

As representatives of the most primitive of recent vertebrate groups, lampreys show fundamental differences in different features of organisation to the species of the remaining classes of vertebrates. The topical distinction between exocrine and endocrine pancreas is also considered among the morphological peculiarities of Petromyzontida. This study aims to contribute to a further explanation of this phenomenon. 50 brook lampreys were histologically examined

The Long Shadow of Income on Trustworthiness

We employ a behavioural measure of trustworthiness obtained from an experiment carried out with a sample of the general British population whose individuals were extensively interviewed on earlier occasions. These previous interviews allow us to have very good income measures, and in particular to construct a measure of relative income that uses past income as a reference point. Our basic finding is that given past income, higher current income increases trustworthiness and, given current income, higher past income reduces trustworthiness. Past income determines the level of financial aspirations and whether or not these are fulfilled by the level of current income affects trustworthiness. But past income has a disproportionately large effect on trustworthiness compared to that predicted by the relative income theory, and this leads us to suspect that past income may also capture heterogeneity in relevant subjects’ dispositions, with more opportunistic subjects being less trustworthy and having higher average incomes. We suggest and estimate a two-tier model in which relative income has the same positive effect within each past income class, but people in higher past income classes have a lower fundamental levels of trustworthiness.trustworthiness, relative income

Child support and non-resident fathers' contact with their children

The paper presents a theoretical model of a non-resident fathers child support and contact with his child, which combines the public good treatment of child-expenditure with trade in father-child contact-time. The model provides predictions concerning the effects of fathers income and binding child support orders on contact. Using new data from the British Household Panel Survey on frequency of contact of non-resident fathers with their dependent children, there is evidence that, among middle-income fathers, higher fathers income increases contact with his children. In the context of the theory, this suggests that setting a higher binding child support order would reduce fathers contact for these fathers

Employment opportunities and pre-marital births in Britain

In 1999, nearly two-fifths of births in Britain were outside marriage. This study estimates the impact of employment opportunities in the local labour market on the probability that a childless never married woman has a birth outside marriage. It uses the unemployment rate in the travel-to-work area in which the woman lives as the indicator of employment opportunities. The estimates indicate poorer employment opportunities increase the pre-marital first birth rate and discourage union formation

Intrafamily Resource Allocations: A Dynamic Model of Birth Weight

This paper estimates a model of dynamic intrahousehold investment behavior which incorporates family fixed effects and child endowment heterogeneity. This framework is applied to large American and British survey data on birth outcomes, with focus on the effects of antenatal parental smoking and maternal labor supply net of other maternal behavior and child characteristics. We find that maternal smoking during pregnancy reduces birth weight and fetal growth, while paternal smoking has virtually no effect. Mothers' work interruptions of up to two months before birth have a positive effect on birth outcomes, especially among British children. Parental behavior appears to respond to permanent family-specific unobservables and to child idiosyncratic endowments in a way that suggests that parents have equal concerns, rather than efficiency motives, in allocating their prenatal inputs across children. Evidence of equal concerns emerges also from the analysis of breastfeeding decisions, although the effects in this case are weaker.birth outcomes, smoking, mother's work, sibling estimators, instrumental variables, child health production functions

Relativistic effects in exclusive neutron-deuteron breakup

We extended the study of relativistic effects in neutron-deuteron scattering to the exclusive breakup. To this aim we solved the three-nucleon Faddeev equation including such relativistic features as relativistic kinematics and boost effects at incoming neutron lab. energies E_n^{lab}=65 MeV, 156 MeV and 200 MeV. As dynamical input a relativistic nucleon-nucleon interaction exactly on-shell equivalent to the CD Bonn potential has been used. We found that the magnitude of relativistic effects increases with the incoming neutron energy and, depending on the phase-space region, relativity can increase as well as decrease the nonrelativistic breakup cross section. In some regions of the breakup phase-space dynamical boost effects are important. For a number of measured exclusive cross sections relativity seems to improve the description of data.Comment: 27 pages, 4 png figures and 7 ps figure

Birth Weight and the Dynamics of Early Cognitive and Behavioural Development

In this paper we explore the impact of birth weight on children's cognitive and behavioural outcomes using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. In order to deal with the endogeneity of birth weight we use an estimator based on the eliminant method. When coupled with ordinary least squares, this estimator allows us to bound the effects of birth weight. The results show that birth weight has significant but very small effects on male cognitive development at age 3 and on female cognitive and behavioural outcomes at age 3. We also find that birth weight affects age 5 outcomes only through previous achievements, and that the overall impact fades out over time. These findings call into question the effectiveness of birth weight as a policy target.birth weight, production function, child development