Formation of Student Periods. To the History of Student Press in the 1910S of the XX Century

В статье автор рассматривает историю формирования российской студенческой печати. Автор считает, что государственная политика, направленная на ужесточение цензурных условий, привела к резкому всплеску нелегальной периодики и появлению «самиздатовской» печати при учебных заведениях. Особый акцент в исследовании сделан на развитии студенческой прессы в 1910-е годы. Автор, анализируя сборник «Путь студенчества», выпускаемый в 1916 году, приходит к выводу о разнородности студенческой среды и зрелости студенческой печати как отдельного типа журналистики.In the article, the author examines the history of the formation of the Russian student press. The author believes that the state policy aimed at tightening censorship conditions has led to a sharp surge in illegal periodicals and the emergence of "samizdat" press at educational institutions. Particular emphasis in the study is placed on the development of the student press in the 1910s. The author, analyzing the collection "The Way of Students", published in 1916, comes to the conclusion about the heterogeneity of the student environment and the maturity of the student press as a separate type of journalism

Ethnical and cultural particularity of gluttonic discourse

The article is devoted to ethnic perculiarity and originality of the Russian and British lingvocultures in line with gustative preference

Bilingualism and biculturalism and teaching of modern languages: point of view of a teacher of french from Russia

More than 50% of the world's inhabitants are bilingual, and this percentage is expected to be increasing due to the increasing global mobility. Some people are bilingual because of the characteristics of their families, others because of migration, or because they live in a border area or a country that has several languages. Bilingualism is extremely widespread in Russia and in France. In this article, the actual and complex phenomenon of bilingualism in the contemporary cultural situation, in particular in the teaching of foreign languages, is considere

Online medical discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic: semantic categories and attitude

The paper presents the results of the discourse, semantic and sentiment analysis of the medical professional forum publications. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) within the professional community on the portal MirVracha reveals a diversity of peculiarities of medical professional discourse since the portal includes informal posts and chats alongside official and scientific publication

Morphological variation of Astyanax species, subgenus Zygogaster (Teleostei, Characidae)

Astyanax es un género diverso de peces neotropicales, cuyas especies habitan gran variedad de ambientes acuáticos. La situación taxonómica de los subgéneros y de sus especies, no difiere de la problemática que presenta el género Astyanax. Basándonos en 354 individuos, se analizó la variación morfológica de cuatro especies del subgénero Zygogaster (A. atratoensis, A. caucanus, A. filiferus y A. magdalenae) mediante un análisis morfogeométrico comparado con dos especies del grupo hermano Poecilurichthys (A. orthodus y A. superbus). El ACP (Análisis de Componentes Principales) y AVC (Análisis de Variables Canónicas) evidenciaron afinidad morfológica entre los subgéneros e indicaron varianza en la profundidad del cuerpo, tendencia anterior del origen de la aleta dorsal y mancha humeral, depresión sobre la superficie dorsal del cráneo, y desplazamiento ventral de la orbita y el hocico. La variación entre las especies indicó aislamiento del tercer infraorbital del preopérculo y protrusión del extremo ventral del maxilar. La variación en estas estructuras evidencia especiación adaptativa como posible alternativa a la especiación por aislamiento geográfico. Palabras clave: Astyanax, Characido, Morfogeometría, Disparidad, Colombia.Astyanax es un género diverso de peces neotropicales, cuyas especies habitan gran variedad de ambientes acuáticos. La situación taxonómica de los subgéneros y de sus especies, no difiere de la problemática que presenta el género Astyanax. Basándonos en 354 individuos, se analizó la variación morfológica de cuatro especies del subgénero Zygogaster (A. atratoensis, A. caucanus, A. filiferus y A. magdalenae) mediante un análisis morfogeométrico comparado con dos especies del grupo hermano Poecilurichthys (A. orthodus y A. superbus). El ACP (Análisis de Componentes Principales) y AVC (Análisis de Variables Canónicas) evidenciaron afinidad morfológica entre los subgéneros e indicaron varianza en la profundidad del cuerpo, tendencia anterior del origen de la aleta dorsal y mancha humeral, depresión sobre la superficie dorsal del cráneo, y desplazamiento ventral de la orbita y el hocico. La variación entre las especies indicó aislamiento del tercer infraorbital del preopérculo y protrusión del extremo ventral del maxilar. La variación en estas estructuras evidencia especiación adaptativa como posible alternativa a la especiación por aislamiento geográfico. Palabras clave: Astyanax, Characido, Morfogeometría, Disparidad, Colombia.The diverse Neotropical fish genus Astyanax inhabits a variety of aquatic environments. As with other species in this genus, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of species of this subgenus remain largely undetermined. Based on 354 individuals, we analyzed the morphological variation of four species of the subgenus Zygogaster (A. atratoensis, A. caucanus, A. filiferus, and A. magdalenae) using procrustes analysis and compared findings with two species of the sister group: subgenus Poecilurichthys (A. orthodus y A. superbus). The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and CVA (Canonical Variates Analysis) showed morphological affinity between the subgenera and indicated variance in body depth, anterior trend of dorsal fin origin and humeral spot, depression on the dorsal surface of the skull, and ventral displacement of the orbit and snout. The variation in these structures may provide evidence supporting adaptive speciation as an alternative to speciation driven by geographical isolation. Key words: Astyanax, Characid fish, Morphogeometry, Disparity, Colombia

Variación morfológica de las especies de Astyanax, subgénero Zygogaster (Teleostei, Characidae)

Morphological variation of Astyanax species, subgenus Zygogaster (Teleostei, Characidae) The diverse Neotropical fish genus Astyanax inhabits a variety of aquatic environments. As with other species in this genus, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of species of this subgenus remain largely undetermined. Based on 354 individuals, we analyzed the morphological variation of four species of the subgenus Zygogaster (A. atratoensis, A. caucanus, A. filiferus, and A. magdalenae) using procrustes analysis and compared findings with two species of the sister group: subgenus Poecilurichthys (A. orthodus and A. superbus). The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and CVA (Canonical Variates Analysis) showed morphological affinity between the subgenera and indicated variance in body depth, anterior trend of dorsal fin origin and humeral spot, depression on the dorsal surface of the skull, and ventral displacement of the orbit and snout. The variation in these structures may provide evidence supporting adaptive speciation as an alternative to speciation driven by geographical isolation

ACTIVE DYNAMICS OF THE ENZYMES OF THE ANTIRADICAL PROTECTION AND THE GENERAL ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ISCHEMIC REPERFUSION OF LIVER

The purpose of the study: to research the active changes in several enzymes of the antioxidative protection within the dynamical development of the liver reperfusion in rats. Materials and methods: the study has been performed on 95 white non-lineal male rats with the mass of 240-280 g divided into groups, the biological material of which has been sampled within 5-20 minutes of the ischemic period and 5-20 minutes of the reperfusion period with the interval of 5 minutes. To evaluate the changes of the antioxidative system the activity of the superoxide dismutase, the erythrocyte catalase and the liver homogenate as well as the general antioxidative activity have been determined. Results: the performed study has demonstrated the imbalance development for the relation between the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase by the development of the ischemic reperfusion syndrome with the change of this relation to the prevalence of the catalase activity on the systemic level and the superoxide dismutase activity on the organic level after the circulatory restoration. Besides the increase in activity of the studied enzymes from the erythrocyte, meal by 2 times in comparison with the control group has been determined especially at the ischemic period as well as the tendencies to the progressive activity decrease of the same enzymes in the liver tissue. The general antioxidative activity in the period of ischemic reperfusion has been decreasing to the fifth minute of ischemia by 2 times and has lasted on the same level (0.04-0.05 mg/l of vitamin C in terms of 1 gram of homogenate protein) during the entire experiment. Conclusion: the received results have demonstrated the possibility for the evaluation of the functional state for the system of oxidative restorative homeostasis in an animal by ischemic reperfusion of the liver against the background of the lowered general antioxidative activity. It was marked also the necessity of the metabolic support of this link within the system of non-specific resistance for the correction of the developing disorders

Analysis of the drug prescription for obese patients in Moscow

Objectives. Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease that requires long-term and lifelong treatment. The development of diseases associated with obesity may cause the additional need for prescribing drug therapy. The main aim was to analyze the structure of preferential drug prescriptions for patients with obesity for the period 2015-2018 in Moscow. Methods. A pharmacoepidemiological retrospective analysis of the structure of drug prescriptions for the period 2015-2018 in Moscow according to the chosen nosology — obesity (code ICD-10 — E66) was performed. The total number of patients receiving medications, the total number of prescribed prescriptions and packages were analyzed. The results are processed using the MS Excel 2013 package and are presented in the form of absolute values, shares (%). Results. For the period from 2015-2018 there is a 3.5-fold increase in the number of obese patients receiving preferential drugs — from 259 people up to 899 people. Over the entire analyzed period, there is a gradual increase in the proportion of drugs for the treatment of diabetes (from 43.1 to 51.6 %), mainly due to metformin, and for the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract (from 6.7 to 18.7 %). The total costs of drug therapy for obese patients over the analyzed period increased by 3.6 times. The largest share of the costs was attributed to drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (from 38.1 to 62.5 %). Conclusions. Analysis can help to improve the system of rational distribution of financial resources for the drug provision of obese patients through the development of clinical and economic approaches that allow choosing the most effective and less costly approaches to providing medical care to patients

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Hepatoprotectors on Oxidative Homeostasis in the Blood of Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Randomized Experimental Study

Background. An analysis of published results on the chemical structure, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of hepatoprotective agents, as well as their practical application, shows that a holistic view on the pharmacology of hepatoprotective agents is yet to be developed. Thus, the relationship between antioxidant activity and the effectiveness of reducing hepatocyte cytolysis remains unclear. Another difficult question concerns indications for the application of hepatoprotectors, selection of a particular drug and treatment duration.Objectives. To investigate the effects of hepatoprotective agents with different mechanisms of action on the indicators of oxidative metabolism in the blood of patients with alcoholic hepatitis.Methods. Four groups of patients were involved in the study. The 1st group consisted of relatively healthy male patients (n = 15). The remaining groups (10 individuals in each) were represented by patients with moderate alcoholic hepatitis. Patients of the 2nd group received remaxol; patients of the 3rd group received ademetionine; patients of the 4th group received ursodeoxycholic acid. Prior to and following treatment, the indicators of cytolysis and oxidative stress in blood were determined. Statistical data processing was carried out using the StatPlus v 7 (AnalystSoft Inc.) software package.Results. According to the observed changes in the cytolytic syndrome marker enzymes, all three hepatoprotectors under study expressed comparable efficacy. After treatment according to any of the applied schemes, the ALT and AST activity in the blood plasma decreased by 56–68% and 75–81%, respectively, compared to their initial values. In comparison with the control group, the total antioxidant activity of the blood plasma decreased by 20–27%; the content of TBA-reactive products in the erythrocyte suspension increased by 61–87%. The remaxol, ademethionine or ursodeoxycholic acid therapy led to a partial normalization of the abovementioned parameters without significant differences between the experimental groups. The concentration of reduced glutathione in the erythrocyte suspension and the content of thiol groups in the blood plasma of patients were reduced in comparison with the control group by 16% and 26%, respectively. After therapy, these indicators also increased by 12–15%, although no predominant effect of either of the studied hepatoprotectors was revealed.Conclusion. The conducted comparative study indicated the absence of a specific antioxidant effect among the pharmacological mechanisms of action of remaxol, ademethionine and ursodeoxycholic acid. In this regard, further research should be carried out to investigate the effect of hepatoprotective drugs on pathobiochemical changes and to analyse a relationship between the antioxidant effect and the efficacy of reducing the level of hepatocyte cytolysis

The supramolecular approach to the phase transfer of carboxylic calixresorcinarene-capped silver nanoparticles

© 2017 Elsevier B.V.The octacarboxylic derivative of tetrapentylcalix[4]resorcinarene (1) was used as stabilizer for preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) hydrosol. The calixresorcinarene-capped nanoparticles Ag@1 are stably dispersed in an aqueous colloid solution and have an average diameter of 4–6 nm (TEM). The interaction of the macrocycle 1, possessed the receptor properties, with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimetylammonium bromide (CTAB) leads to the hydrophobization of AgNPs hydrosol. It was shown, that macrocycle 1 in its individual solution forms the hydrophobic associate with 8 mol of CTAB (1H NMR, 2D NOESY). Various and complicated influence of CTAB/macrocycle molar ratio on the hydrophobization of AgNPs and their transfer into organic phase was demonstrated. The initial Ag@1 and modified Ag@1-CTAB were characterized by UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy, DLS, and TG/DSC methods It was shown that the efficiency of water/organic phase transfer depends on the macrocycle/surfactant molar ratio. The presented supramolecular approach can be useful to form the ordered nanostructures through supramolecular modification and self-organization of hybrid metal nanoparticles