Prognostic Importance of Ki-67 Labeling Index in Grade II Glial Tumors

In our opinion, Ki-67 LI is an important prognostic factor for grade II gliomas, hut it cannot be used as a diagnostic measure alone. It must be used in combination with the other prognostic factors

Mide Kanserinde Adjuvan Kemoradyoterapi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Amaç: ide kanseri için hastalarımızın postoperatif kemoradyoterapi sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma için mide adenokarsinoma tanısı konulmuş ve radyoterapi uygulanması amacı ile Eylül 2004 ile Mart 2009 tarihleri arasında İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Radyasyon Onkolojisi Kliniği’ne başvuran, 165 hastanın tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi, Kemoradyoterapi için uygunluk kriterleri, İntergroup 0116 çalışması ile benzerdi.Bulgular: 117 küratif amaçlı cerrahi yapılmış hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi, 48 metastatik hasta çalışmadan çıkarıldı.Seksen üç hasta (%71) erkek, 34 hasta (%29) kadındı. Yaşları 31-78 arasında değişiyordu (ortanca, 58 yaş). Sekiz hastada (%7) cerrahi sonrası mikroskopik hastalık vardı. Medyan takip süresi 18 aydı (4 ila 89 ay arasında). Doksan beş hasta (%81) planlanan kemoterapi döngülerini, 112 hasta (%96) radyoterapiyi, 92 hasta (%79) kemoradyoterapiyi tamamladı. 117 hastanın 53'ü (%45) tekrarladı ve bunların 46'sı öldü. Relapsların çoğu (41 hasta, %35) sadece uzak bölgelerde meydana gelmiştir. Bölgesel nüks gelişen 14 hasta için sadece ikisinde izole bölgesel nüks vardı. Genel sağkalım 2 yılda%59 ve 5 yılda%34 iken, hastalıksız sağkalım 2 yılda%58 ve 5 yılda%35 idi.Hastalıksız sağkalıma etkili faktörler yaş grubu,performans skoru, seroza ve lenf nodu tutulumu, hastalık evresi, yerleşimi, metastatik lenf nodu oranı ve adjuvankemoterapi programını tamamlaması olarak bulundu.Sonuç: Bulgularımız küratif cerrahi rezeksiyon ile adjuvan kemoradyoterapinin mide kanserinin lokal tedavisinde ılımlı toksisite ile oldukça etkin olduğunu, sistemik hastalığın kontrol altına alınması için daha etkin sistemik tedaviler konusunda araştırmalara gereksinim olduğunu işaret etmektedir.Aim: To evaluate the results of our patients with postoperative chemoradiation for stomach cancer. Materials and Methods: For the study, the medical records of 165 patients who were admitted to the İnönü University Medical Faculty Radiation Oncology Clinic between September 2004 and March 2009 for the purpose of radiotherapy were evaluated retrospectively. Eligibility criteria for chemoradiotherapy were similar to the Intergroup 0116 study. Results: 117 with curative surgeries were included in the study, 48 metastatic patients were excluded from the study. Eighty-three patients (71%) were male and 34 patients (29%) were female. Their ages ranged from 31 to 78 (median, 58 years old). Eight patients (7%) had microscopic disease after surgery.The median follow-up time was 18 months (ranging from 4 to 89 months). Ninety-five patients (81%) completed the planned chemotherapy cycles, 112 patients (96%) completed radiotherapy and 92 (79%) of them completed chemoradiotherapy. Of the 117 patients, 53 (45%) relapsed, of whom 46 died. Most (41 patients, 35%) of the relapses occurred in distant sites alone. For the 14 patients who developed locoregional relapse, only two had isolated locoregional relapse. OS was 59% at 2 years and 34% at 5 years whereas DFS was 58% at 2 years and 35% at 5 years.Disease-free survival related factors are age, performance score, serosa and lymph node involvement, stage of disease, location, rate of metastatic lymph nodes and adjuvant chemotherapy was found to complete the program. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with curative surgical resection is very effective with moderate toxicity in the local treatment of stomach cancer, and more research is needed on effective systemic treatments to control systemic disease

Defining the "Hostile Pelvis" for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy: The Impact of Anatomic Variations in Pelvic Dimensions on Dose Delivered to Target Volumes and Organs at Risk in Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated With Whole Pelvic Radiation Therapy

Conclusions: Pelvimetry might be used as a guide to define the challenging anatomy or the hostile pelvis in terms of treatment planning for IMRT in patients with high-risk PCa to be treated with WPRT. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Pelvik radyoterapi uygulanılan sıçanlarda akut gastointestinal toksisite üzerine giardi intestinalis enfeksiyonunun etkileri

INTRODUCTION: Different types of pelvic cancer, such as cervical, endometrial, bladder and prostate, are normally treated by radical radiotherapy, which can be used both alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of concomitant Giardia intestinalis infection on acute gastrointestinal toxicity in rats that have undergone pelvic irradiation. METHODS: The study group consisted of forty female 6-month-old Wistar rats with the weight of 250 g. The rats were divided into four groups containing ten rats in each group. The study groups are as follows: Group 1 contained rats not infected with Giardia intestinalis and not irradiated, Group 2 contained rats infected with Giardia intestinalis but not irradiated, Group 3 contained rats not infected with Giardia intestinalis but irradiated, Group 4 contained rats infected with Giardia intestinalis and radiated. For the day after the end of radiation, the number of stool pellets was counted, and the operation of weighing rats was performed, and they were sacrificed the following day. The intestinal tissues were taken for histological evaluation. RESULTS: A mucosal damage, such as villus shortening, atrophy of surface epithelium, crypt loss, as well as a decrease in the number of goblet cells of the group 3 and 4, was detected as a result of the light microscopic examination. CONCLUSION: As a result of the present study, the fact that concomitant Giardia intestinalis infection aggravates acute gastrointestinal toxicity in rats that have undergone pelvic irradiation has been verified.GİRİŞ: Servikal, endometrial, mesane ve prostat gibi pelvik kanserin farklı türleri normalde ya sadece radikal radyoterapi ile yada cerrahi ve kemoterapi birlikte kombinasyon halinde tedavi edilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, pelvik radyasyona maruz kalan sıçanlarda eşzamanlı Giardia intestinalis enfeksiyonunun akut gastrointestinal toksisite üzerine etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. METOD: Çalışma grubu, 250 g ağırlığa sahip kırk adet 6 aylık dişi Wistar sıçandan oluşmaktadır. Sıçanlar, herbir grupta 10 adet sıçan olacak şekilde dört gruba ayrıldı. Çalışma grupları; Grup 1, Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olmayan ve radyoterapi almayan sıçanlar, Grup 2, radyoterapi almamış, ancak Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olan sıçanlar, Grup 3, Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olmamış fakat radyoterapi almış sıçanlar, Grup 4'te hem Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olan hemde radyoterapi alan sıçanlardan oluşmaktadır. Radyasyon bittikten sonraki gün, hayvan vücut ağırlıkları kayıtedildi ve dışkılama sıklığı hesaplandı. Ratlar perfore edilerek sakrifiye edildi, ince bağırsak dokuları histolojik inceleme için alındı. SONUÇ: Işık mikroskopik incelemesinin sonucu olarak, grup 3 ve 4 ‘te villus kısalması, yüzeyel epitelinde atrofi, kriptalarda kayıp gibi mukozal hasarlar ve goblet sayısında azalma tespit edildi. TARTIŞMA: Bu çalışmanın bir sonucu olarak, Giardia intestinalis enfeksiyonu ile eşzamanlı olarak pelvik radyoterapi uygulanması sıçanlarda akut gastrointestinal toksisiteyi arttırmıştır. zümrüt do

Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin against oxidant injury following brain irradiation: an experimental study

MERT, Nihat/0000-0001-7185-3316; Cebi, Aysegul/0000-0003-3804-7966WOS: 000386539200023PubMed: 27904528Introduction: Radiation therapy (RT) is a major treatment modality, and the central nervous system is a dose-limiting organ in clinical RT. This experimental study aims to present the evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) against oxidant injury following brain irradiation in rats. Material and methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 each). In group 1 the rats received no EPO and underwent sham RT. The rats in groups 2 and 3 received EPO. In group 2 rats underwent sham RT, while in group 3 rats received RT. The rats in group 4 received no EPO and underwent RT. Rats were irradiated using a Cobalt-60 teletherapy machine using a single fraction of 20 Gy covering the whole brain. Cervical dislocation euthanasia was performed. The nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) activities were evaluated in dissected brain tissues. Results: The nitrite and MDA levels were higher in the RT group (2.10 +/-0.62 ppm, 26.02 +/-2.16 nmol/ml; p < 0.05) and lower in the EPO + RT group (1.45 +/-0.12 ppm, 25.49 +/-1.90 nmol/ml; p < 0.05). The SOD and GSHPX activity was higher in the EPO + RT group (2.62 +/-0.49 U/mg, 1.75 +/-0.25 U/mg, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study supports the probable neuroprotective effects of EPO against oxidant injury following brain irradiation in a rat model, presumably through decreasing free radical production and increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes

Radiation therapy for biliary tract tumors: the joint experience of three centers

Conclusion: Since local recurrence is still the leading cause of failure following postoperative RT and the outcome following palliative RT is far from satisfactory, the indications, the target volume, and the doses for RT should be reconsidered