Citotoksični i mutageni potencijal juglona u slobodnom i nanoinkapsuliranom obliku

Despite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, the application of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4,-naphthoquinone) is limited due to its low water solubility and allelopathic and toxic effects. In recent years, research has aimed to overcome these limitations by increasing its solubility and controlling its release through nanoparticular systems. This is the first study to have synthesised and characterised juglone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and compared them with free juglone for cytotoxicity in mouse (L929 fibroblasts) and alfalfa cells and for mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA98/100. Mouse and plant cells treated with free and nano-encapsulated juglone showed a decrease in cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, but this effect was significantly lower with the nanoencapsulated form at lower doses. In the TA98 strain with S9, nano-encapsulated juglone did not exhibit mutagenic effects, unlike the free form. Since all results show that juglone encapsulation with polymeric nanoparticles reduced the toxic and mutagenic effects, it has a promising potential to be applied in medicine, food safety, and agriculture.Usprkos dokazanim herbicidnim, protubakterijskim, protuvirusnim, protugljivičnim i antioksidacijskim učincima, primjena juglona (5-hidroksi-1,4-naftokinon) ograničena je zbog njegove slabe topljivosti u vodi te alelopatskoga i toksičnoga djelovanja. Cilj je novijih istraživanja bio ukloniti te prepreke povećanjem njegove topljivosti i boljom regulacijom njegova otpuštanja s pomoću sustava nanočestica. Ovo je, međutim, prvo istraživanje u kojem je sintetiziran i karakteriziran juglon u omotaču polimernih nanočestica te uspoređen sa slobodnim juglonom u smislu citotoksičnosti u mišjih fibroblasta (L929) i biljnih alfalfa stanica te mutagenosti u bakterije Salmonella typhimurium TA98 i TA100. Mišje i biljne stanice izložene slobodno u nanoinkapsuliranome juglonu iskazale su smanjenu vijabilnost, koja je ovisila o dozi i vremenu izloženosti, ali je to djelovanje bilo značajno slabije s juglonom u nanočesticama pri nižim dozama. Za razliku od slobodnoga juglona, nanočestice s juglonom nisu djelovale mutageno na S. typhimurium soj TA98 s metaboličkim aktivacijskim enzimom S9. Budući da svi rezultati pokazuju kako je inkapsuliranje juglona u polimerne nanočestice smanjilo njegov toksični i mutageni učinak, ovaj oblik ima obećavajući potencijal za primjenu u medicini, poljoprivredi i u području sigurnosti hrane

Callus induction and plant regeneration of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae in Turkey

A callus induction and plant regeneration protocol was developed from leaf and petiole explants of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae . Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) [a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin (Kin), thidiazuron (TDZ)]. The combinations and concentrations of PGRs were shown significant variations for the frequency of callus formation, appearence of callus and the potential of callus differentiation. NAA x BA have been found highly affective in callusing and plant regeneration. Other PGRs have not resulted in callus differentiation for shoot formation. The highest number of shoots (6/explants) was obtained from leaf explants cultured on MS with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l BA. The regenerated shoots transferred to rooting medium (MS with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid) were successfully rooted (100%) and showed rapid elongation. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing 1:1 mixture of peat and perlite

Callus induction and plant regeneration of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae in Turkey

A callus induction and plant regeneration protocol was developed from leaf and petiole explants of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae . Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) [a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin (Kin), thidiazuron (TDZ)]. The combinations and concentrations of PGRs were shown significant variations for the frequency of callus formation, appearence of callus and the potential of callus differentiation. NAA x BA have been found highly affective in callusing and plant regeneration. Other PGRs have not resulted in callus differentiation for shoot formation. The highest number of shoots (6/explants) was obtained from leaf explants cultured on MS with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l BA. The regenerated shoots transferred to rooting medium (MS with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid) were successfully rooted (100%) and showed rapid elongation. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing 1:1 mixture of peat and perlite