Analisis Agroindustri Gula Kelapa

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui : (1) Besarnya rata-rata biaya dan rata-rata penerimaan pada agroindustri gula kelapa per bulan di Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Purwadadi Kabupaten Ciamis, (2) Besarnya rata-rata pendapatan pada agroindustri gula kelapa per bulan di Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Purwadadi Kabupaten Ciamis, (3) Besarnya R/C pada agroindustri gula kelapa per bulan di Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Purwadadi Kabupaten Ciamis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survai yang dilakukan di Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Purwadadi Kabupaten Ciamis. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Simple Random Sampling, jumlah sampel sebanyak 37 perajin agroindustri gula kelapa atau 10 persen dari 372 anggota populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Besarnya rata-rata biaya pada agroindustri gula kelapa di Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Purwadadi Kabupaten Ciamis dengan bahan baku sebanyak 86.520 liter sebesar Rp 3.215.306,80 per bulan. Penerimaannya sebesar Rp 4.552.297,30 per bulan,diperoleh dari 479,19 kg gula kelapa dengan harga Rp 9.500/Kg. 2) Besarnya rata-rata pendapatan pada agroindustri gula kelapa di Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Purwadadi Kabupaten Ciamis adalah sebesar Rp 1.336.990,50 per bulan. 3) Besarnya rata-rata R/C pada agroindustri gula kelapa di Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Purwadadi Kabupaten Ciamis adalah sebesar 1,42. Dengan demikian agroindustri gula kelapa di Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Purwadadi Kabupaten Ciamis layak diusahakan

Studi Temperatur Reaksi Kondensasi terhadap Sintesis Senyawa Turunan Furfural dengan 2-butanon

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa turunan furfural dan rendemen yang diperoleh dari reaksi kondensasi antara furfural dengan 2-butanon pada berbagai temperatur reaksi. Reaksi kondensasi dilakukan pada suhu ruang (30 oC), suhu 0 oC, dan suhu refluks (98 oC) selama 4 jam. Reaksi kondensasi menggunakan furfural pada temperatur reaksi tersebut menghasilkan produk sebesar 5%; 15,42%; dan 17,01% (b/b). Semakin tinggi temperatur reaksi, maka prosentase terbentuknya produk hasil kondensasi semakin meningkat. Produk utama yang dapat diidentifikasi dari reaksi tersebut adalah 5-furanil-4-penten-3-on dan 5-furanil-3-metil-3-buten-2-on

Efektifitas Ekstrak Biji Sirsak (Annona Muricata L) Sebagai Insektisida Alami Terhadap Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Sebagai Vektor Dbd

Penyakit akibat virus dengue seperti Demam Dengue (DD) dan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalahpenyakit yang dihasilkan oleh penularan vektor nyamuk dan merupakan mosquito-borne diseases terbesar didunia terutama pada negara tropis dan negara berkembang. Salah satu program pemberantasan vektor DBDadalah dengan menggunakan insektisida. Cara pengendalian alamiah yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakanbioinsektisida atau insektisida hayati yang merupakan suatu insektisida berbahan dasar yang berasal daritumbuhan dan mengandung bahan kimia (bioaktif) yang toksik terhadap serangga tetapi mudah terurai(biodegradable) di alam, sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan, relatif aman dan bersifat selektif. Familitumbuhan yang dianggap merupakan sumber potensial insektisida nabati adalah Annonaceae. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak biji sirsak (Annona muricata L) sebagai insektisida terhadapnyamuk Aedes aegypti. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengandesain post test only control group design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebanyak 10ekor pada masing-masing 4 unit perlakuan dan 1 kontrol dengan 4 kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukan bahwa konsentrasi 15%, 30%, 45%, dan 60% yang menyebabkan jumlah nyamuk mati berturut-turut12.5%, 37.5%, 67.5% hingga pada konsentrasi maksimal 60% jumlah nyamuk mati rata-rata mencapai 97.5%.Berdasarkan uji probit nilai LC50 dan LC90 berturut-turut adalah 35.2132% dan 54.7572%. Hasil uji One AwayANOVA menunjukan bahwa nilai p<0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada jumlahnyamuk yang mati antar kelompok yang dibandingkan

Keragaan Galur-galur Mutan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum Mach) Hasil Pemuliaan In Vitro di Rumah Kaca

Rumput gajah (Pennisetum prpureum Mach) Cv Taiwan merupakan salah satu tanaman pakan ternak yang banyak dikembangkan sebagai sumber hijauan pakan ternak ruminansia besar. Induksi mutasi tanaman rumput gajah dengan sinar Gamma dapat memunculkan keragaman genetik yang berguna bagi program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi keunggulan galur-galur rumput gajah yang dihasilkan dari hasil pemuliaan in vitro menggunakan kombinasi induksi mutasi dengan iradiasi sinar Gamma dan seleksi in vitro pada populasi kalus embriogenik. Bahan tanam yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah 19 galur mutan rumput gajah. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian (BB BIOGEN Bogor). Variabel yang diamati adalah waktu muncul tunas, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, warna daun dan warna dasar batang. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur-galur mutan rumput gajah hasil pemuliaan in vitro secara umum lebih baik daripada tanaman kontrol berdasarkan berdasarkan waktu muncul tunas, jumlah anakan, jumlah dan luas daun, tinggi tanaman, dan diameter batang menunjukkan keragaman yang cukup tinggi. Galur M-RG118 dan M-RG109 berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut karena memiliki karakter yang lebih baik dibanding tanaman asal dan galur lainnya

MLB Statcast Pitch Analysis: the Association between Active Spin and Opponent’s Batting Average

Baseball has often been described as a game of statistics and strategy, and current technology allows detailed examination of the game. One statistic measured concerning the movement of the ball is spin rate, the rotations per minute created by the pitcher when the ball is released from the hand. However, recent research has not examined the inclusion of pitchers’ spin rate in batter strategy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to see if there is an association between the movement of breaking balls with the batting average of Major League Baseball batters. METHODS: A sample including 76 elite Major League Baseball pitchers, all male (age = 30.12 ± 3.68, mean ± sd), were taken from the 2019 MLB regular season using Statcast, Pitch F/x, and Trackman cameras. Statcast is used in Major League Baseball and collects the pitcher’s data revolving around their pitches (e.g., active spin, speed, whiff). Pitchers who had thrown a minimum of 2,500 pitches were included. The outcome was batting average, an aggregate number based on the number of players who faced an individual pitcher during the season. We performed multivariable linear regression models to regress batting average on curveballs and sliders separately. Covariates for assessment included pitcher demographics, active movement of the pitch, spin rate of the pitch, hits, at bats, percent of breaking balls thrown, pitch velocity, and number thrown versus right- and left-handed batters. RESULTS: After regression assumptions and steps were satisfied, 43.7% of the variation in batting average could be accounted for by the active spin of the slider, the number of sliders thrown, pitching hand, and the pitcher’s height. For every one-unit increase in active spin of the slider, batting average significantly decreased by 0.0013. Concerning curveballs, regression steps yielded a single-variable model, where 13.1% of the variation in batting average could be explained by the number of curveballs thrown. For every one-unit increase in the number of curveballs thrown, batting average significantly decreased by 0.00013. CONCLUSION: Variables significantly associated with batting average varied by whether a slider or a curveball was thrown; an increase in spin rate was significantly associated with a decrease in batting average for sliders thrown, but not for curveballs. The results of this study can be used by coaches as they prepare for games to enable the most favorable matchup between batter and pitcher. Future research should expand the timeline to include multiple MLB seasons to further corroborate these findings

Aphthous ulcer and the effective factors on it's incidence among the students of Golestan Medical Sciences University in the north of Iran

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and probable predisposing factors of Aphthous ulcer among the medical students. This project was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, which was carried out on 485 students of Golestan University of medical sciences in the north of Iran. Data was collected by filling the questionnaire. The gathered informations entered into SPSS software and were analyzed by Chi square method. The mean age of the students was 21.8 years. 36.9% (179 persons) of subjects had positive history and 8.9% (43 persons) of them had present Aphthous ulcer at the time of interview. 70.6% of students with positive personal history of Aphthous ulcer had positive family history of Aphthous ulcer too. Internal labial mucosa was the commonest site of the lesion among the subjects with present Aphthous ulcer. We found that gender, positive family history, the field of study, the form of diet and stress had a major correlation with the incidence of Aphthous ulcer. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information

New Singular and Nonsingular Colliding Wave Solutions in Einstein - Maxwell - Scalar Theory

A technique is given to generate coupled scalar field solutions in colliding Einstein - Maxwell (EM) waves. By employing the Bell - Szekeres solution as seed and depending on the chosen scalar field it is possible to construct nonsingular solutions. If the original EM solution is already singular addition of scalar fields does not make the physics any better. In particular, scalar field solution that is transformable to spherical symmetry is plagued with singularities.Comment: 15 pages, To be published in GR

Augmenting the 6-3-5 method with design information

This paper describes a comparative study between the 6-3-5 Method and the ICR Grid. The ICR Grid is an evolved variant of 6-3-5 intended to better integrate information into the concept generation process. Unlike a conventional 6-3-5 process where participants continually sketch concepts, using the ICR Grid (the name derived from its Inform, Create, Reflect activities and structured, grid-like output) participants are additionally required to undertake information search tasks, use specific information items for concept development, and reflect on the merit of concepts as the session progresses. The results indicate that although the quantity of concepts was lower, the use of information had a positive effect in a number of areas, principally the quality and variety of output. Although grounded in the area of product development, this research is applicable to any organisation undertaking idea generation and problem solving. As well as providing insights on the transference of information to concepts, it holds additional interest for studies on the composition and use of digital libraries