Stacked Genetically Engineered Trait Products Produced by Conventional Breeding Reflect the Compositional Profiles of Their Component Single Trait Products

An expanding trend for genetically engineered (GE) crops is to cultivate varieties in which two or more single trait products have been combined using conventional breeding to produce a stacked trait product that provides a useful grouping of traits. Here, we report results from compositional analysis of several GE stacked trait products from maize and soybean. The results demonstrate that these products are each compositionally equivalent to a relevant non-GE comparator variety, except for predictable shifts in the fatty acid profile in the case of stacked trait products that contain a trait, MON 87705, that confers a high-oleic-acid phenotype in soybean. In each case, the conclusion on compositional equivalence for the stacked trait product reflects the conclusions obtained for the single trait products. These results provide strong support for conducting a reassessment of those regulatory guidelines that mandate explicit characterization of stacked trait products produced through conventional breeding

Dicamba-Tolerant Soybeans (Glycine max L.) MON 87708 and MON 87708 × MON 89788 Are Compositionally Equivalent to Conventional Soybean

Herbicide-tolerant crops can expand both tools for and timing of weed control strategies. MON 87708 soybean has been developed through genetic modification and confers tolerance to the dicamba herbicide. As part of the safety assessment conducted for new genetically modified (GM) crop varieties, a compositional assessment of MON 87708 was performed. Levels of key soybean nutrients and anti-nutrients in harvested MON 87708 were compared to levels of those components in a closely related non-GM variety as well as to levels measured in other conventional soybean varieties. From this analysis, MON 87708 was shown to be compositionally equivalent to its comparator. A similar analysis conducted for a stacked trait product produced by conventional breeding, MON 87708 × MON 89788, which confers tolerance to both dicamba and glyphosate herbicides, reached the same conclusion. These results are consistent with other results that demonstrate no compositional impact of genetic modification, except in those cases where an impact was an intended outcome

Ekologické vinohradnictví a vinařství na Mikulovsku

This thesis is focused on organic viticulture and winemaking in Mikulov region. This work evaluates development of organic viticulture in Mikulov viniculture region and description of organic grape growing and organic viticulture. This evaluation is focused on the areas of individual municipalities, the number and size of farms and the production and trade of organic wine. We pay special attention to the description of interspecific vine varieties, the cultivation areas and selected varieties. Thanks to our investigations of organic wine growers and organic farming winemakers we can characterize the situation in the sector, describe their motivation to farming in organic mode and prosperity of organic wine market. 5.3% of vineyards in the Mikulov region are in the organic mode. We asked 8 of 23 organic farmers in the region. All of them are constant in organic mode mainly because of the quality of its production

Additional file 2: of The cell surface mucin podocalyxin regulates collective breast tumor budding

Is Movie S1 showing control MCF-7 cells present little collective invasion 3-D culture, and Movie S2 showing podo-overexpressing cells send out very dynamic processes and show considerable collective invasion in 3-D culture. (ZIP 2262 kb

Examination of newborn DNA methylation among women with polycystic ovary syndrome/hirsutism

Research suggests that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) traits (e.g., hyperandrogenism) may create a suboptimal intrauterine environment and induce epigenetic modifications. Therefore, we assessed the associations of PCOS traits with neonatal DNA methylation (DNAm) using two independent cohorts. DNAm was measured in both cohorts using the Infinium MethylationEPIC array. Multivariable robust linear regression was used to determine associations of maternal PCOS exposure or preconception testosterone with methylation β-values at each CpG probe and corrected for multiple testing by false-discovery rate (FDR). In the birth cohort, 12% (102/849) had a PCOS diagnosis (8.1% PCOS without hirsutism; 3.9% PCOS with hirsutism). Infants exposed to maternal PCOS with hirsutism compared to no PCOS had differential DNAm at cg02372539 [β(SE): −0.080 (0.010); FDR p = 0.009], cg08471713 [β(SE):0.077 (0.014); FDR p = 0.016] and cg17897916 [β(SE):0.050 (0.009); FDR p = 0.009] with adjustment for maternal characteristics including pre-pregnancy BMI. PCOS with hirsutism was also associated with 8 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). PCOS without hirsutism was not associated with individual CpGs. In an independent preconception cohort, total testosterone concentrations were associated with 3 DMRs but not with individual CpGs, though the top quartile of testosterone compared to the lowest was marginally associated with increased DNAm at cg21472377 near an uncharacterized locus (FDR p = 0.09). Examination of these probes and DMRs indicate they may be under foetal genetic control. Overall, we found several associations among newborns exposed to PCOS, specifically when hirsutism was reported, and among newborns of women with relatively higher testosterone around conception.</p

Microarray data from field grown plants.

<p>Microarrays performed on tissue sampled throughout the day from two <i>AtBBX32</i>-expressing lines (lines 1 and 2 from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030717#pone-0030717-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>) in the field demonstrate 219 genes show 2–8 fold changes (8-fold is maximum change observed) in abundance in both transgenic events relative to the control and that the majority of these changes occur around ZT 0 (6 am). Dark bar represents genes increased in abundance and light bar represents genes decreased in abundance. All changes significant at a false discovery rate of 5 percent.</p

<i>AtBBX32</i> extends the reproductive period between R3 and R7 developmental stages in soybean resulting in a delay in final maturity compared to control.

<p>The timing of reproductive development was measured according to standard methods <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030717#pone.0030717-Fehr1" target="_blank">[16]</a> in ten field plot replicates for each line. R1 is the initiation of flowering. R3 is the onset of pod development. R7 is the beginning of maturation. R8 is the stage where 95 percent of the pods are physiologically mature. The number of days to reach each developmental stage was calculated on a whole plot basis and the mean is indicated below, where units are days after planting.</p><p>*p<0.05.</p

Expression of <i>AtBBX32</i> in soybean affects the transcript abundance of central clock components near ZT 0.

<p>Levels of both central clock components <i>GmLCL2</i> (A) and <i>GmTOC1</i> (B) were assayed by quantigene RNA extraction and expression analysis from V2 leaf tissue harvested from soybean plants grown in a controlled environment. Growth chamber experiment was performed in a 14:10 hour photoperiod (Light∶Dark) with 650 mE of light. p-values based on the difference between both transgenic lines and wildtype control. * p≤0.05. Where error bars are not visible they are smaller than the data points.</p

<i>AtBBX32</i> transgenic soybean plants increase yield components.

<p>Both field and growth chamber grown plants show increases in plant height and pod number in the transgenic lines relative to controls. Node number, flower number, seed number, and 100 seed weight were also increased in growth chamber grown plants. Growth chamber experiments were performed in a 10:14 hour photoperiod (Light∶Dark) with 900 mE of light. Data was collected from ten plant replicates that were randomized among entries in the chamber. Field grown plants were grown under standard agronomic conditions and ambient light. All differences between the transgenic lines and control are significant to p<0.05 unless otherwise indicated as (ns) not significant.</p

<i>AtBBX32</i> transgenic soybean plants demonstrate improved grain yield over non-transgenic controls.

<p>Mean yield values (kilograms per hectare) and percent improvement over controls for transgenic plots are shown for three growing seasons. The difference in the day of flowering (DOF) between the transgenic lines and control was calculated to determine delta DOF. The difference in day of final maturity (MAT) was examined in transgenic lines and compared to control to determine delta MAT (units = days). The low yielding event 4 produced no detectable transcript. N represents the number of environments tested. p-values were based on the difference between the transgenic lines and wildtype control.</p><p>*p≤0.05,</p><p>**p≤0.01.</p