R2P. The controversial Implementation of The Responsibility to Protect within State Sovereignty

The thesis is a cover-article for five published articles on R2P, the national and international responsibility to protect populations from mass atrocities defined as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing. The principle was adopted by the UN General Assembly at the World Summit in 2005 and has since been implemented, partly with success, partly by generating great controversy. My articles were published in the period from 2016 to 2021, four of them in English, one in Norwegian. The first one discusses R2P in a cosmopolitan context, the second one explores possibilities for joint action. The third and the fourth article are both about implementation through the UN Security Council, while the fifth one discusses the prospects for R2P implementation in a world of rising Asian powers (China and India). The thesis includes a presentation of the articles and a discussion of methodology. It also includes reflections upon language used about R2P. A substantial part of the thesis is a separate discussion about the meaning of state sovereignty as responsibility. This is a premise for the discussion in the articles, but the articles themselves do not discuss this in detail. The thesis does. The analytical tool chosen for the discussion in the thesis is the theoretical approach to international relations (IR) called the English School

Research oriented projects on design themese:A master semester at AAU

How can design students do research-oriented projects about design themes? At the 3rd semester at the Industrial Design Master Program at Aalborg University this is done by taking research oriented learning objectives on design theories and methods and combining them with experimental case studies with or without external parties like companies and consultancies. Programming the project is a large part of the 2 month long project work and a “program ” is handed in and evaluated after 3 weeks. During this programming the design students are going through a pre-reflection process, where they are designing the setup including the experiment or case that they will be carrying out. This approach shares characteristics of a regular research project, but the extent and level of complexity is much lower and the experiment and case is larger part of the project. At the other end of the project the analysis and discussion of the project is also significantly less in extent and complexity. This paper will use four case projects to demonstrate the variety and range of projects carried out under this research-oriented semester called “Research & Strategy”. Even with a variety in extent, context and structure they all meet the learning objectives and the output of the projects are beyond ordinary design proposals, instead they are centred on methodological issues and suggestion for improvements providing collaborating partners with valuable insight and feedback. At the same time the scientific attitude and professional self-reflection amongst students are improved

A dual 3D DIC-system application for DSL strain and displacement measurements

This paper describes a dual 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system application for DLS strain and displacement measurements, where two 3D DIC-systems are used in parallel. The bonded specimens were tested to failure under monotonic loading in a uni-axial tensile testing machine at ambient temperature. Both surface inplane strain and full-field displacement values were recorded using two DIC systems: high speed (HS) and high resolution (HR). The HS system was used in a parallel setup with the HR system in order to detect the initial failure location and crack propagation rate during the brittle failure mechanism, where an interface crack is propagating between the straps and the inner adherent. Using two inherently different DIC systems involve a number of problems. This involves synchronization of the HS and HR systems, a common illumination level and speckle pattern. This paper therefore describes guidelines for a mutual system setup, applied in an experimental study of steel/epoxy DLS joints under pure tension