オオサキ タイヒ ジタイ ニオケル ヒョウテイ ジュンジョ コウカ

In order to investigate a rating order effect， seven circles were presented horizontally in a pair. Sixty subjects estimated the apparent sizes of the set of 56 samples by a task of seven category rating. Subjects judged both left and right circles of the pair. There were rating order conditions， i.e.， starting with rating of left or right circle， and near and far distance conditions for two circles. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The results under near and far distance conditions were similar. (2) The larger circles with a smaller circle were rated larger than the same circles in pair. (3) The smaller circles starting with the larger circle were rated larger than the smaller circle starting with the smaller circle， revealing a rating order effect. The rating order effect was selective for the smaller circle， and there was no rating order effect for the larger circle

チョウカク ショウガイジ エノ ソーシャル スキル トレーニング ノ ジッセン : コミュニケーション レベル ニ ヨリ ブンルイ シタ グループ ニ ヨル シエン

聴覚障害児のソーシャルスキルと自尊心の向上を目的とした本研究は、ソーシャルスキルトレーニング(以下、SST)を実践し、その効果を検討した。SSTは、コミュニケーションレベルの異なる3つのグループで実施し、対人関係に必要な9つのスキルを獲得することを目標とした。生徒評定では、失敗不安、引っ込み思案行動、攻撃性などが低下した。一方、教師評定では、生徒の向社会的スキルが向上し、引っ込み思案行動が低下したという結果が得られた。また、実践の評価においても、教師は実践自体を肯定的に受け入れていることが明らかになった。本研究の結果、コミュニケーションレベルに応じたSSTを計画することが効果的である可能性が示唆された。This study was aimed at students with hearing impairments to improve their social skills and self-esteem by putting social skills training( SST) into practice and discussing its results. This training program was conducted using nine basic skills which are essential in building personal relations. Furthermore, the program was based on three different communication levels. An evaluation done by the participating students indicated a significant decrease in failure anxiety, withdrawal, and aggressive behaviors. Teachers also saw amelioration in the sociability and diminution in timidity. The assessment done by teachers also demonstrates that the program felt to be useful and appropriate. The result from the study suggests that a pursuit of SST programs with students at different communicative levels can be indeed effectiv

ガクネン ゼンタイ オ タイショウ トシタ ソーシャル スキル トレーニング ノ コウカ ノ ケントウ

本研究では、高校1年生の学年全体を対象としたネットいじめの予防を含むソーシャルスキルトレーニングの効果を検討した。実施期間は2ケ月で、ロングホームルームの時間を利用し、5セッションが実施された。ターゲットスキルは、a)コミュニケーション、b)聴く、c)感情のコントロール、d)共感性、の4つのスキルであった。アセスメントに、ソーシャルスキル、自尊心、共感的感情反応の尺度を用い、実践前と実践後に行った。その結果、解読、主張性、感情統制が増加した。学年全体を対象としたソーシャルスキルトレーニングの効果をあげるためには、教師のリーダーシップとコンサルテーション、その学校のニーズに応じたプログラムを計画することが重要であることが示唆された。The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of social skills training including cyberbullying prevention of high school students in the first grade students. Five sessions were included in this program to systematically teach and build specific social skills. The four target skills were, a) communicating one\u27s thoughts and feelings, b) listening, c) controlling one\u27s emotions, d) empathy. The Social Skills Scale, Self-Esteem Survey and Empathic-Affective Scale were used as assessments both at pre-test and post-test. The results showed the decipherment, assertiveness and feeling control in the social skills training. It was indicated that the success of the the first grade students preventive implementation depends on the leadership and consultation of the teacher and designed a program which met the needs

コウコウセイ ニオケル ネット イジメ ノ ジッタイ

本研究では、高校生のネットいじめの実態について調べ、ネットいじめの実態に応じた支援のあり方を検討した。高校生325名を対象にした質問紙調査を行い、パソコンと携帯電話によるネットの使用、伝統的いじめとネットいじめの併存、傍観者の経験、ネットいじめに対する支援のニーズを検討した。その結果、伝統的いじめとネットいじめの併存は1%、傍観した経験は7%であった。また、多くの生徒がネットいじめに対する教育を希望し、学校及び学級に対する心理教育の重要性が明らかとなった。The aim of this paper is to investigate the actual conditions of the high school students\u27 cyberbullying, and examine the ways of backing them up depending on the kinds of cyberbulling. We asked 325 Students with a questionnaire to survey their frequency of internet use by personal computers and cellphones, their customary bulling or cyberbulling, the experiences as a bystander, and finally considered needs of the support for cyberbullying. As a result, we found that 1% of them were both bullies and cyberbullying, and 7% of them were bystanders. Moreover, many students wanted the introduction education of means to prevent cyberbullying, and this it became obvious how important psycho-education toward school and class is

キョウイン ヨウセイ ニ オケル ドウトク キョウイク ノ ケンキュウ:ドウトク ニ タイスル イシキ ノ ヘンカ ト ジソンシン オヨビ ソーシャル スキル エノ エイキョウ

本研究では,教員養成における道徳教育において,学生15名を対象にした質問紙調査を授業実施前後に行い,心理教育を伴う講義が道徳教育に対する意識の変化と自尊心及びソーシャルスキルへの影響を検討した。その結果,講義を通して道徳の知識を獲得して理解を深め,授業に対する実践意欲が高まり,ソーシャルスキルと自尊心の向上が認められた。教員養成における道徳教育の授業と自尊心及びソーシャルスキルに有効である可能性が示唆された。The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of moral education on students studying in a Teacher Education Program. Preceding and following the research, a seriesof surveys were conducted on 15 students to find out how each student\u27s consciousness on moral education was changed, and how influence one\u27s self-esteem and social skills were when receiving instructions on psycho-education. The kinds of methods used in the survey included the Questionnaire asking about changes and Self-Esteem Survey, Social Skills Scale in student\u27s consciousness. The showed that, after receiving lectures, the student\u27s acquisition of knowledge on morality was deepened and their motivation for teaching enhanced. Thus, moral education in a Teacher Program suggests that it can be effectual in view of student\u27s self-esteem and social skills

日本人の免疫性血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病患者における不十分な血漿交換は致死的な転帰と強く相関する

Plasma exchange (PEX) using fresh frozen plasma has considerably reduced the mortality rate in patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP). However, some patients still do not survive even with treatment, but little information is available regarding which treatment these patients received. This study was conducted to obtain this information in 240 patients who met the current iTTP diagnostic criteria and completed at least 30 days of follow-up except for deceased cases. These patients were divided into three groups: survivors (n = 195), TTP-related deaths (n = 32), and other cause of death (n = 13). In the TTP-related death group, 26 of 32 patients experienced sudden death, mostly following radical hypotension and bradycardia. The median follow-up time after admission was 5.0 days, and the median number of PEX sessions was 2.5. Nine patients underwent autopsy and had cardiac microvascular thrombi in arterioles. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the TTP-related death group than in the survivors group. Frequent PEX (> 20 sessions) was not associated with TTP-related death. In the acute phase of iTTP, patients with substantial organ damage caused by microthrombi have a greater mortality risk, even after just a few PEX sessions.博士（医学）・乙第1518号・令和3年12月21日© Japanese Society of Hematology 2021.The version of record of this article, first published in International journal of hematology, is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12185-021-03197-5.発行元が定める登録猶予期間終了の後、本文を登録予定（2022.10

Comparison of Two Electrosurgical Modes for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Superficial Colorectal Neoplasms: A Prospective Randomized Study

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is reportedly one of the standard treatment strategies for large superficial colorectal neoplasms in Japan because of its high en bloc resection rate. A few technical issues regarding ESD should be considered, one of which is the selection of the Endo-cut I mode versus the Swift-coagulation mode as the electrosurgical unit mode setting during submucosal dissection. We seek to determine which of these two modes is more suitable for submucosal dissections of colorectal tumors with regard to procedure time and safety

Factors Predicting a Favorable Disease Course Without Anti-TNF Therapy in Crohn’s Disease Patients

Determining factors that predict a favorable disease course without anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents would help establish a more cost-effective strategy for Crohn’s disease (CD). A retrospective chart review was performed for CD patients with disease durations > 10 years who had not received anti-TNF agents as first-line therapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received neither anti-TNF agents nor bowel resection (G1), and those who had received an anti-TNF agent and/or bowel resection (G2). The patient backgrounds, therapies and clinical courses were compared between the groups. A total of 62 CD patients met the inclusion criteria (males: 71%; median duration of follow-up: 19 years). Six patients were included in G1; they were significantly less likely to have upper gastrointestinal lesions than G2 (p=0.007). A multivariate analysis revealed that the significant factors for avoidance of bowel resection without anti-TNF treatment were non-stricturing and non-penetrating behaviors, and absence of upper gastrointestinal lesions at the diagnosis (hazard ratios 0.41 and 0.52; p=0.004 and 0.04, respectively). In consideration of the long treatment course of CD, patients with non-stricturing and non-penetrating behaviors and no upper gastrointestinal lesions should not be treated with anti-TNF agents as first-line therapy

Brain pericytes among cells constituting the blood-brain barrier are highly sensitive to tumor necrosis factor-α, releasing matrix metalloproteinase-9 and migrating in vitro

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the plasma and brain is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption through proteolytic activity in neuroinflammatory diseases. MMP-9 is present in the brain microvasculature and its vicinity, where brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), pericytes and astrocytes constitute the BBB. Little is known about the cellular source and role of MMP-9 at the BBB. Here, we examined the ability of pericytes to release MMP-9 and migrate in response to inflammatory mediators in comparison with BMECs and astrocytes, using primary cultures isolated from rat brains.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The culture supernatants were collected from primary cultures of rat brain endothelial cells, pericytes, or astrocytes. MMP-9 activities and levels in the supernatants were measured by gelatin zymography and western blot, respectively. The involvement of signaling molecules including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt in the mediation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced MMP-9 release was examined using specific inhibitors. The functional activity of MMP-9 was evaluated by a cell migration assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Zymographic and western blot analyses demonstrated that TNF-α stimulated pericytes to release MMP-9, and this release was much higher than from BMECs or astrocytes. Other inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ, IL-6 and lipopolysaccharide] failed to induce MMP-9 release from pericytes. TNF-α-induced MMP-9 release from pericytes was found to be mediated by MAPKs and PI3K. Scratch wound healing assay showed that in contrast to BMECs and astrocytes the extent of pericyte migration was significantly increased by TNF-α. This pericyte migration was inhibited by anti-MMP-9 antibody.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings suggest that pericytes are most sensitive to TNF-α in terms of MMP-9 release, and are the major source of MMP-9 at the BBB. This pericyte-derived MMP-9 initiated cellular migration of pericytes, which might be involved in pericyte loss in the damaged BBB.</p

Switching between Three Types of Mesalazine Formulation and Sulfasalazine in Patients with Active Ulcerative Colitis Who Have Already Received High-Dose Treatment with These Agents

Background and aim: Oral mesalazine and sulfasalazine (SASP) are key drugs for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). The efficacy of switching from one of the several mesalazine formulations to another is largely unknown. This study assessed the efficacy of switching among three types of mesalazine formulation and SASP for UC therapy. Methods: UC patients receiving high-dose mesalazine/SASP who switched to other formulations due to disease activity were considered eligible. Efficacy was evaluated 2, 6, and 12 months after switching. Results: A total of 106 switches in 88 UC patients were analyzed. The efficacy at 2 months after switching was observed in 23/39 (59%) cases from any mesalazine formulation to SASP, in 18/55 (33%) cases from one mesalazine to another, and in 2/12 (17%) cases from SASP to any mesalazine formulation. Nine of 43 effective cases showed inefficacy or became intolerant post-switching. Delayed efficacy more than two months after switching was observed in four cases. Steroid-free remission was achieved in 42/106 (39%) cases—within 100 days in 35 of these cases (83%). Conclusions: Switching from mesalazine to SASP was effective in more than half of cases. The efficacy of switching between mesalazine formulations was lower but may be worth attempting in clinical practice from a safety perspective