1,459 research outputs found
The secondary market for community development loans
Proceedings of the Conference on the Secondary Market for Community Development LoansCommunity development ; Loans ; Secondary markets
The struggle to establish a vibrant secondary market for community development loans
Securitization of loans and their sale to long-term investors has revolutionized many areas of finance: real estate, autos, consumer credit. But despite many efforts, it has not taken hold in community development financing. The obstacles to creating a secondary market for community development loans are similar to obstacles other markets faced: lack of data, standardization of documents and loan process, and loan volume. Other markets have managed to overcome these obstacles. Yet despite recent advances, such as the Community Reinvestment Fundâs issuance of rated securities in November 2004 and May 2006, the goal of a vibrant secondary market for community development loans seems as tantalizingly close today as it did nearly a decade ago, when a community development consultant wrote in Community Investments that âpiece by piece, a secondary market is taking shape.â This development was in the ânot-too-distant future. And, with the trend toward reduced public support, the sooner the better.âAsset-backed financing ; Community development ; Loans
Squarepants in a Tree: Sum of Subtree Clustering and Hyperbolic Pants Decomposition
We provide efficient constant factor approximation algorithms for the
problems of finding a hierarchical clustering of a point set in any metric
space, minimizing the sum of minimimum spanning tree lengths within each
cluster, and in the hyperbolic or Euclidean planes, minimizing the sum of
cluster perimeters. Our algorithms for the hyperbolic and Euclidean planes can
also be used to provide a pants decomposition, that is, a set of disjoint
simple closed curves partitioning the plane minus the input points into subsets
with exactly three boundary components, with approximately minimum total
length. In the Euclidean case, these curves are squares; in the hyperbolic
case, they combine our Euclidean square pants decomposition with our tree
clustering method for general metric spaces.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures. This version replaces the proof of what is now
Lemma 5.2, as the previous proof was erroneou
Literacy Learning, Classroom Processes, and Race
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66565/2/10.1177_002193478201300205.pd
Expression of Human Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals a Functional Role in Aflatoxin B1 Detoxification
The metabolism and genotoxicity of the carcinogenic mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB), was studied in the lower eukaryotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombinant strains of yeast were engineered to express human cDNAs for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Coexpression of mEH with CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 resulted in significant decreases in measurements of AFB genotoxicity. In cells expressing CYP1A2 and mEH, the level of AFB-DNA adducts was decreased by 50% relative to cells expressing CYP1A2 alone. Mitotic recombination, as assayed by gene conversion at thetrp5locus, was diminished by 50% or greater in cells coexpressing mEH and CYP1A2 compared to CYP1A2 alone. The mutagenicity of AFB in the Ames assay was also decreased by approximately 50% when AFB was incubated with microsomes containing CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 and mEH versus CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 alone. The biotransformation of AFB by CYPs is known to involve the generation of a reactive epoxide intermediate, AFB-8,9-epoxide, but previous direct biochemical and kinetic studies have failed to demonstrate any functional role for mEH in AFB detoxification. By reconstructing a metabolic pathway in intact yeast, we have shown, for the first time, that mEH may play a role in mitigating the carcinogenic effects of AF
An Exact Prediction of N=4 SUSYM Theory for String Theory
We propose that the expectation value of a circular BPS-Wilson loop in N=4
SUSYM can be calculated exactly, to all orders in a 1/N expansion and to all
orders in g^2 N. Using the AdS/CFT duality, this result yields a prediction of
the value of the string amplitude with a circular boundary to all orders in
alpha' and to all orders in g_s. We then compare this result with string
theory. We find that the gauge theory calculation, for large g^2 N and to all
orders in the 1/N^2 expansion does agree with the leading string theory
calculation, to all orders in g_s and to lowest order in alpha'. We also find a
relation between the expectation value of any closed smooth Wilson loop and the
loop related to it by an inversion that takes a point along the loop to
infinity, and compare this result, again successfully, with string theory.Comment: LaTeX, 22 pages, 3 figures. Argument corrected and two new sections
adde
Millstone Hill coherent-scatter radar observations of electric field variability in the sub-auroral polarization stream
[1] Coherent backscatter observations with the Millstone Hill UHF radar (MHR) are used to investigate spatial/temporal variations in the ionospheric subâauroral polarization stream (SAPS) electric field. For the 440 MHz MHR, coherent amplitude is on average linearly proportional to electric field strength. The use of both mainâbeam and sidelobe returns and the great sensitivity of the MHR system permits observations spanning 3° of the SAPS region with 1âsec temporal and 10âkm spatial resolution. For a moderately disturbed event on May 25, 2000, the SAPS channel moved steadily equatorward. Largeâscale (30 mV/m peak to peak) waveâlike oscillations in the electric field magnitude (200sâ300s periodicity) were seen to propagate across the SAPS channel throughout the hourâlong event. It is suggested that such localized electric field intensifications, which exhibit many of the characteristics of the narrow SAID features described in the literature, arise as wavelike perturbations within the SAPS channel
Operators with large R charge in N=4 Yang-Mills theory
It has been recently proposed that string theory in the background of a plane
wave corresponds to a certain subsector of the N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills
theory. This correspondence follows as a limit of the AdS/CFT duality. As a
particular case of the AdS/CFT correspondence, it is a priori a strong/weak
coupling duality. However, the predictions for the anomalous dimensions which
follow from this particular limit are analytic functions of the 't Hooft
coupling constant and have a well defined expansion in the weak
coupling regime. This allows one to conjecture that the correspondence between
the strings on the plane wave background and the Yang-Mills theory works at the
level of perturbative expansions.
In our paper we perform perturbative computations in the Yang-Mills theory
that confirm this conjecture. We calculate the anomalous dimension of the
operator corresponding to the elementary string excitation. We verify at the
two loop level that the anomalous dimension has a finite limit when the R
charge keeping finite. We conjecture that this is
true at higher orders of perturbation theory. We show, by summing an infinite
subset of Feynman diagrams, under the above assumption, that the anomalous
dimensions arising from the Yang-Mills perturbation theory are in agreement
with the anomalous dimensions following from the string worldsheet sigma-model.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX, added references, small changes in the introductio
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