La délibération : nouvelle frontière de l'économie ?

pré-print du texte du même titre paru in Defalvard H, L'Horty Y., Narcy M., Les nouvelles frontières de l'économie sociale et solidaires; Louvain, Presses universitaires de Louvain, 2013, pp 197-214International audienceWhat is the social and solidarity economy? This question, central, allows to rest the question of the scope of the economy. So, this communication include in a more global approach of deconstruction of the orthodox economics and the construction of one paradigm of solidarity economy. To understand this approach, it is necessary to return to our starting point: the economic is one of the components of the democratic society (being two others politics and symbolism). From then on, the economics is not any more a mathematical science studying the allocation of the rare resources, but a social science analysing the monetary exchanges. While pushing away the disciplinary borders one can reveal the borders of the economy. The latter, in a democratic society can obey the same regulating principle as the political sphere: the deliberation.Qu'est-ce-que vraiment l'économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) ? Cette question, centrale, posée dans l'appel à communication, permet de reposer la question du périmètre de l'économie. Ainsi, cette communication s'inscrit dans une démarche plus globale menée depuis plus de dix ans de déconstruction de la science économique orthodoxe/construction d'un paradigme idéal-type d'économie solidaire. Pour comprendre cette démarche, il faut revenir à notre point de départ : le peu de prise en compte théorique dans l'analyse économique du contexte dans lequel s'inscrit l'économie occidentale : la société démocratique. Faire de l'économique l'une des composantes des sociétés démocratiques (les deux autres étant le politique et le symbolique) conduit, en effet, à concevoir autrement la science économique. Celle-ci cesse d'être une science mathématique étudiant l'allocation des ressources rares, pour devenir ou redevenir une science sociale analysant les échanges monétaires. Paradoxalement, c'est donc en repoussant les frontières disciplinaires que l'on peut révéler les frontières de l'économie. Cette dernière, dans une société démocratique peut obéir au même principe régulateur que la sphère politique : la délibération

Stratégies de développement durable au Nord et au Sud à l'aune de l'économie solidaire

Solidarity economy is a project policy of alternate development.It looks like base on which to build strategies corresponding to the requirements of the sustainable development. In the North, the solidarity economy brings the individuals to ask the question of the choice of the economic system. Furthermore it allows to think about the direction to be given to the development and either to be self-sufficient of the loan to think supplies by the market and its ceaseless incantation in favour of the economic growth. In the South, the strategy is quite other. The question is the valuation of the existing - economy embeded in the premises - and in the implementation of a plural economy liable for social and ecological criteria.So, the solidarity economy constitutes a major axis for embeded the economy in the North. It supplies in the country of the South of tools favorable to their necessary development.L'économie solidaire est un projet politique de développement alternatif. Elle fait figure de socle sur lequel construire des stratégies conformes aux exigences du développement durable. Au Nord, l'Economie solidaire amène les individus à poser la question du choix du système économique. De plus elle permet de réfléchir au sens à donner au développement et non plus à se suffire du prêt à penser fournit par le marché et son incessante incantation en faveur de la croissance économique. Au sud, la stratégie est tout autre. On s'inscrit dans la valorisation de l'existant - économie encastrée dans le local - et dans la mise en place d'une économie plurielle assujettie à des critères sociaux et écologiques. Ainsi, l'économie solidaire constitue un axe majeur pour ré encastrer l'économie au Nord. Elle fournit au pays du Sud de outils favorables à leur nécessaire développement qui ne saurait être durable si l'on s'en tient aux seules exigences de marché

Secularism or catholicism? The religious composition of the United States to 2043

We project the religious composition of the United States to 2043, considering fertility differences, migration, intergenerational religious transmission and conversion by 11 ethnoreligious groups. If fertility and migration trends continue, Hispanic Catholics will experience rapid growth, expanding from 10 to 18 percent of the population between 2003 and 2043. Protestants could decrease from 47 to 39 percent over the same period, establishing Catholicism as the largest religion among younger age groups. Immigration drives growth among Hindus and Muslims, while low fertility explains decline among Jews. The religiosity of immigrants combined with the low fertility of nonreligious Americans results in a gradual decline, and subsequent reversal of, secularization, with the nonreligious population share expected to plateau before 2043

Grape marc extract causes early perception events, defence reactions and hypersensitive response in cultured tobacco cells

Plant Physiol. Biochem. ISI Document Delivery No.: AE5EJ Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 34 Benouaret, R. Goujon, E. Goupil, P. FUI: Fonds Unique Interministeriel We thank Celine Sac for help with the tobacco cell cultures and laboratory assistance. This work was supported by grants from the FUI: Fonds Unique Interministeriel. Elsevier france-editions scientifiques medicales elsevier ParisInternational audienceGrape marc extract (GME) showed elicitor activity on suspension-cultured cells of tobacco. The BY-2 cells reacted to GME (0.25% and 0.125%) with a long-sustained pH rise in their growth medium. Using EGTA or LaCl3, we showed that extracellular alkalinization depended on Ca2+ mobilization. The tobacco BY-2 cells challenged with GME promoted cell death and the upregulation of defence-related genes such as PR3, PAL and CCoAOMT. Cell death rate was quantified using an experimental calibrated Evans Blue assay. The GME-induced cell death was dose-dependent and occurred in 24 h. Longer exposure increased the extent of tobacco cell death. To investigate a potential hypersensitive reaction, we tested the effect of various inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) and proteases (aprotinin, pepstatin and E-64) on GME-induced cell death. All these chemicals reduced GME-induced cell death rate in 30 min. Overall, our findings indicate that GME elicits early perception events, defence reactions and cell death requiring protein synthesis and proteases

Towards a Catholic North America? Projections of religion in Canada and the US beyond the mid-21st century

Religion and religiosity are important identity markers, and changes in a country's religious composition may affect its culture, value orientations and policies. In recent decades the Protestants in both the US and Canada have lost their absolute population majority. In the present study we investigate the future of the religious composition in both the US and Canada jointly until the 2060s taking into consideration changes due to demographic forces, the level and composition of migration, fertility differentials and intergenerational religious transmissions. The joint focus on both the US and Canada allows one to better understand the commonalities and differences between these two nations which are tightly knit in terms of geography, politics, economics and culture. The projections reveal that North America should not become Catholic by mid-century but close to, with an increasing importance of minorities in the religious landscape

La délibération une clef pour penser autrement l'économie: l'exemple de l'économie solidaire

What is solidarity economy? This question, central, allows keeping the question of the scope of the economy. So, this text tackles, in a more global approach of deconstruction of the orthodox economics and the construction of one new paradigm of solidarity economy, the deliberalism. To understand this approach, it is necessary to return to our starting point: the economics is one of the components of the democratic society (the two others being politics and symbolism). From then, the economics is not any more a mathematical science studying the allocation of the rare resources, but a social science analysing the monetary exchanges. In this theoretical frame, the diversity of the researches in solidarity economy is an asset. This diversity opens heuristic tracks allowing renewing profoundly the socio economic analysis

Hormonal control of the renal immune response and antibacterial host defense by arginine vasopressin

Ascending urinary tract infection (UTI) and pyelonephritis caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are very common infections that can cause severe kidney damage. Collecting duct cells, the site of hormonally regulated ion transport and water absorption controlled by vasopressin, are the preferential intrarenal site of bacterial adhesion and initiation of inflammatory response. We investigated the effect of the potent V2 receptor (V2R) agonist deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) on the activation of the innate immune response using established and primary cultured collecting duct cells and an experimental model of ascending UTI. dDAVP inhibited Toll-like receptor 4–mediated nuclear factor κB activation and chemokine secretion in a V2R-specific manner. The dDAVP-mediated suppression involved activation of protein phosphatase 2A and required an intact cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl− channel. In vivo infusion of dDAVP induced a marked fall in proinflammatory mediators and neutrophil recruitment, and a dramatic rise in the renal bacterial burden in mice inoculated with UPECs. Conversely, administration of the V2R antagonist SR121463B to UPEC-infected mice stimulated both the local innate response and the antibacterial host defense. These findings evidenced a novel hormonal regulation of innate immune cellular activation and demonstrate that dDAVP is a potent modulator of microbial-induced inflammation in the kidney

American political affiliation, 2003–43: a cohort component projection

The recent rise and stability in American party identification has focused interest on the long-term dynamics of party bases. Liberal commentators cite immigration and youth as forces which will produce a natural Democratic advantage in the future while conservative writers highlight the importance of high Republican fertility in securing Republican growth. These concerns foreground the neglect of demography within political science. This paper addresses this omission by conducting the first ever cohort component projection of American partisan populations to 2043 based on survey and census data. A number of scenarios are modeled, but, on current trends, we predict that American partisanship will shift much less than the nation’s ethnic composition because the parties’ age structures are similar. Still, our projections find that the Democrats gain two to three percentage points from the Republicans by 2043, mainly through immigration, though Republican fertility may redress the balance in the very long term