Histograms of Euclidian distance in meters between all 1225 possible distance of forest sites for each of the three regions.

<p>Note the different scales in each histogram.</p

Dissimogram for the bird communities showing the Jaccard dissimilarity between each possible site pair <i>versus</i> Euclidian distance between the forests sites.

<p>(<b>a–c</b>) all sites in 2011, (<b>d–f</b>) sites with low land use intensity, and (<b>g–i</b>) sites with high land use intensity. The <i>x</i>-axis is the distance between each pair of sites. The <i>grey line</i> is the fitted line estimated based on non-linear least squares. Note the different scales in each <i>x</i>-axis.</p

Summary of estimated nuggets for the bird communities from 2008 to 2012.

<p>“n/a” indicates that the model did not converge or that the values for nuggets were >1 or <0.</p>a<p>Calculated from Jaccard Dissimilarity (1-<i>D</i>’) calculated with the cumulative species per plot over five years, i.e. all of the species observed at least once on the plot during this time period.</p>b<p>The analysis was restricted to those plots with low inter-annual species turnover to determine if this influenced the high nuggets. Plots with turnover values higher than 60%, 70%, or 80% were excluded, see methods for details on the calculation of turnover.</p><p>Summary of estimated nuggets for the bird communities from 2008 to 2012.</p

Confidence Intervals (CI, 95%) with lower and upper limit of CI for mean nuggets over the five consecutive years.

<p>Confidence Intervals (CI, 95%) with lower and upper limit of CI for mean nuggets over the five consecutive years.</p

Appendix D. The effect of calculating APD in the reassembly experiment ignoring phylogenetic pattern in colonization.

The effect of calculating APD in the reassembly experiment ignoring phylogenetic pattern in colonization

Spatial distribution of all 150 sites across the three regions.

<p>(<b>a</b>) Locations of the three regions within Germany and distribution of the sites within Schorfheide-Chorin (<b>b</b>), Hainich-Dün (<b>c</b>), and Schwäbische Alb (<b>d</b>).</p

Appendix C. One table and two figures presenting the correlation between sown species richness and sown phylogenetic diversity plus the minimal adequate models for the analysis of the fixed composition and reassembly experiments.

One table and two figures presenting the correlation between sown species richness and sown phylogenetic diversity plus the minimal adequate models for the analysis of the fixed composition and reassembly experiments

Appendix A. A table presenting information about the angiosperm fossils used in the molecular phylogenetic tree calibration.

A table presenting information about the angiosperm fossils used in the molecular phylogenetic tree calibration

DATA Dryad Venail et al. Functional Ecology

DATA Dryad Venail et al. Functional Ecolog

Appendix A. A table with the means and standard deviations of the 12 functional traits derived from the 60 species present in the Jena Experiment.

A table with the means and standard deviations of the 12 functional traits derived from the 60 species present in the Jena Experiment