Serological evidence of hantavirus infection in an urban area in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, Mato Grosso (MT) has the highest number of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome cases. Our study aimed to identify anti-hantavirus antibodies in the sera of patients from Sinop, MT, presenting with acute febrile illness. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data for 198 sera samples assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted. RESULTS: Immunoglobulins G (IgGs) against the hantavirus nucleoprotein were found in 13.6% of the tested sera. No sample had immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to hantavirus. Seropositivity occurred mainly in female residents in urban areas who worked around the household. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest circulation of hantavirus in Sinop

Ecological aspects of potential arbovirus vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) in an urban landscape of Southern Amazon, Brazil

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Sinop, MT, Brazil.Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso. Escritório Regional de Saúde de Sinop. Sinop, MT, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Sinop, MT, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Sinop, MT, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Sinop, MT, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais. Cáceres, MT, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Sinop, MT, Brazil.Amazon has been under intense human pressure, especially in the so-called “Arc of Deforestation” in the Eastern and Southern regions. Changes in biodiversity due to landscape disturbance in municipalities at the Arc of Deforestation are likely to impact mosquito species leading to the potential for emergence of arboviruses. Our aim was to describe the composition and structure of culicids in Sinop, a municipality located in the Southern Amazon at the State of Mato Grosso, as well as their presence in urban habitats, analyzing climate variables and potential risk of arbovirus transmission. Mosquitoes were collected in four habitats located in urban environments for 12 months. We recovered 5,210 adult mosquitoes from mosquito traps. Among the 33 species identified, 19 are associated with arbovirus transmission. Higher abundance, richness, diversity, and equitability of mosquito species were observed in urban forest parks and in new neighborhoods located in the outskirts of the city, nearby forest fragments and agricultural areas. As the environment consolidates as urban, both abundance and richness decrease. Highly urbanized neighborhoods had higher dominance of Culex quinquefasciatus, a mosquito associated with different arboviruses, including West Nile and Saint Louis encephalitis virus. The medically important species Cx. declarator, Cx. (Melanoconion) ssp., Aedeomyia squamipennis and Aedes scapularis were found in the four habitats. It is possible that these mosquitoes are adapting to different habitats and as a consequence, they are reaching urbanized areas. Mosquito abundance was higher in the days of high temperature and low precipitation in urban forest parks and in highly urbanized neighborhoods. These results suggest that Sinop region is a key area for surveillance of arbovirus vectors

Detection of Ilheus virus in mosquitoes from southeast Amazon, Brazil

Background: Arbovirus surveillance in field-collected mosquitoes is essential in monitoring virus activity to avoid emergence and outbreaks of arboviruses. Methods: We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction methods to search for arbovirus in mosquitoes collected in Brazil’s southeast Amazon forest remnants during 2015–2016. Results: We detected Iheus virus (ILHV) RNA in Culex declarator, Culex (Melanoconion) and Ochlerotatus serratus mosquitoes. Conclusions: These results indicate ILHV circulation in the studied area, highlighting its potential emergence in human population. More studies are necessary to confirm the roles of these three species in ILHV maintenance

Detection of Mayaro virus infections during a dengue outbreak in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Arboviruses are common agents of human febrile illness worldwide. In dengue-endemic areas illness due to other arboviruses have been misdiagnosed as dengue based only on clinical-epidemiological data. In this study we investigated the presence of Brazilian arboviruses in sera of 200 patients presenting acute febrile illness, during a dengue outbreak in Sinop, MT, Brazil. The results showed that 38 samples were positive to Dengue virus (DENV) type 1, two samples to DENV type 4, and six to Mayaro virus. These results indicate that arboviruses others than DENV are circulating in Sinop and the surrounding region, which are going undiagnosed. In addition, molecular and evolutionary analyses indicate that two MAYV genotypes are co-circulating in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Thus, a strong surveillance program must be implemented to evaluate and monitor the distribution and the true importance of non-dengue arboviruses in the etiology of acute febrile illnesses.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Identification of yeasts Isolated from processed and frozen cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pulp for wine production

The alternative use of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) for wine production was tested. The pulp samples, obtained from Formosa farm, Itacaré, Brazil, were diluted, homogenized and inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium (SDA) and incubated at 28º C for 5-8 days. Selected colonies were tested for the ability to ferment cocoa pulp and divided into fermentative, non-fermentative and weak/late fermentative species. Isolates characterized as fermentative were further tested in a small-scale wine production plant and identified. Species from the genus Brettanomyces constituted the main fermentative yeasts, with the exception of two Kloeckera apis samples. The final wine product was normally pale or clear, making clarification unnecessary, and with a sweet or dry pleasant flavor. The predominance of Brettanomyces species in cocoa pulp indicated its ecological importance in this environment and pointed to an active role of Brettanomyces in the deterioration process of the processed cocoa pulp.<br>O uso alternativo de cacau (Theobroma cacao) para produção de vinho foi testado. A polpa de cacau foi obtida da Fazenda Formosa, Itacaré, Brasil. As amostras de polpa foram diluídas, homogeneizadas e inoculadas em meio de Sabouraud dextrose e incubadas a 28°C por 5-8 dias. Colônias selecionadas foram testadas quanto à habilidade de fermentar a polpa de cacau e divididas em fermentadoras, não-fermentadoras e fermentadoras lentas. As amostras fermentadoras foram identificadas e testadas para produção de vinho de cacau em escala piloto. A maioria das amostras fermentadoras pertencem ao gênero Brettanomyces, com exceção de duas amostras de Kloeckera apis. O vinho obtido apresentou coloração fraca e clara, tornando a clarificação desnecessária, além de sabor doce e agradável. A predominância de espécies de Brettanomyces na polpa de cacau poderia indicar sua importância ecológica neste ambiente e sugere uma participação ativa dessas leveduras nos processos de deterioração da polpa processada do cacau