Effect of varying recovery duration on postactivation potentiation of explosive jump and short sprint in elite young soccer players

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of postactivation potentiation (PAP) on vertical jump and sprint performances with different recovery durations. Twelve elite young soccer players (average age: 17.0 ± 0.6 years; body mass: 67.0 ± 5.4 kg; height: 175.0 ± 3.5 cm) voluntarily performed countermovement jump (CMJ) and 30-m sprints (with 10-m split times) under unloaded and 4 different recovery duration conditions (R1: 1 minute, R2: 2 minutes, R3: 3 minutes, and R4: 4 minutes) after a set of 3 repetitions of half-squat exercises at 90% of 1-repetition maximum. Electromyographic assessments of both limbs' vastus lateralis (VL) and semitendinosus (ST) muscle activity were also made during the tests. Vertical jump height, sprint time, and VL and ST muscle activity root mean square (RMS) values were analyzed. The results show that players demonstrated significantly better CMJ, 10-, and 30-m sprint performances in the R4 condition compared with the unloaded condition (p < 0.05). The players also showed significantly higher RMS values for VL and ST muscle activity in the CMJ and 30-m test performances for both legs in the R4 condition compared with the unloaded, R1, R2, and R3 conditions (p < 0.05). According to these results, if sports scientists and coaches desire to increase the PAP effect after heavy resistance training, 4 minutes of recovery time instead of 1, 2, or 3 minutes for CMJ, 10-, and 30-m sprint performances is recommended

Investigation of the external and internal training loads in soccer players

Amaç: Antrenman yükü kavramı son dönemlerde yaygın şekilde kullanılan kavramların başında gelmektedir. Bu kavram sporcuların maruz kaldığı dış yüklerin (kat edilen mesafe, şut ya da atış sayısı v.b) sporcularda yarattığı iç yükler (fizyolojik cevaplar) olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, Antrenmanda elde edilen algılanan zorluk derecesi (AAZD) değerleri ile farklı hızlarda kat edilen mesafe değerleri arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya Türkiye Birinci liginde oynayan 11 (yaş = 22,7 ± 2,3; boy= 177,6±7,1; 65± 8 ) profesyonel futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcuların kuvvet antrenmanı dışında tüm saha antrenmanlarında GPsport (Cambera) cihazı ile yük takipleri yapılmıştır. Sezon başında gerçekleştirilen iki ayrı kamp sürecinde toplam 16 antrenmandan veri alınmıştır. Çalışmada kalecilere yer verilmezken, dört savunma, 5 orta saha ve 2 hücum oyuncusu dahil edilmiştir. Bu takipte sporcuların değişik hızarda kat ettikleri mesafeler ile onluk algılanan zorluk derecesi ve antrenman süresinin çarpımından elde edilen antrenmanın algılanan zorluk derecesi (AAZD) belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen değerler arasındaki ilişkilere Pearson korelasyon testi ile her bir sporcu için tek tek bakılmıştır. Bulgular: Sonuçlar incelendiğinde AAZD değerleri ile kat edilen mesafe değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir (p> .05). Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda futbolcuların antrenmanda algıladıkları zorluk derecesi ile kat edilen mesafeler arasında ilişki olmadığı ve algılanan zorluk derecesi farklı faktörlerin etkilemiş olabileceği söylenebilir. Bu neden ile antrenörlerin, spor bilimcilerin ve sağlık heyetlerinin bu değerlerin her birini kendi içinde değerlendirmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.The concept of training load is one of the most widely used concepts in recent years. This concept is known as the internal loads (physiological responses) created by the athletes during the external loads (distance covered, number of shots per shot, etc.) exposed by the athletes. This study was aimed to determine the relationships between the external and internal training loads in soccer players. Method: Eleven male soccer players (age = 22,7 ± 2,3 years; height = 177,6±7,1 cm) from an professional football club participated voluntarily in this study. In exception the strength training of the athletes, the GPsport (Cambera) device was used for 16 trainings in camp duration in all field workouts. Covered distance at various speeds and Rating of Perceived Exertion responses of soccer players (SRPE) were determined. The correlations between the values obtained were examined individually for each athlete by Pearson correlation test. Results: When the results were examined, and there is no relation between the external loads and internal loads

Intermittent catheterization in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: Obstacles, worries, level of satisfaction

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the obstacles in people with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) face performing intermittent catheterization (IC), also their worries and level of satisfaction. Methods: Two hundred sixty-nine patients performing IC for at least 3 months were asked to fill-out a questionnaire about their opinions on IC. Results: In total, 69.5% of patients performed IC themselves, 10.4% had performed by their mothers, 7.8% by another caregiver and 7.4% by their spouse. For the 72 (26%) patients unable to apply IC, reasons were insufficient hand function (56.1%), being unable to sit appropriately (35.4%) and spasticity (8.5%). In all, 70% of male patients had insufficient hand function, 20% could not sit and 10% had spasticity while 56.3% of female patients could not sit, 37.5% had insufficient hand function and 63% had spasticity. Difference between sexes was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Worries patients had when starting IC were fear of being dependent on IC (50.2%), accidentally injuring self (43.8%), embarrassment (43.2%), causing an infection (40.2%), bleeding (32.7%), fear of feeling pain (30.2%) and hygiene (24.7%). More women felt embarrassment; other items were similar in both sexes. In all, 46.9% of patients had urinary incontinence in intervals. Conclusion: In total, 69.5% of patients performed IC themselves. Men's most common obstacle was insufficient hand function while women's was being unable to sit appropriately. Patients' most common worries were being dependent on IC for life. In all, 46.9% had incontinence in intervals; 47.9% said IC improved their life quality; and 97.4% preferred IC over continuous catheterization. © 2014 International Spinal Cord Society All rights reserved

Neurogenic bladder in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: Treatment and follow-up

Study design:Multi-center, cross-sectional study.Objectives:Our aim was to evaluate the treatment methods and follow-up of neurogenic bladder in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury retrospectively using a questionnaire.Setting: Turkey.Methods:Three hundred and thirty-seven patients who had spinal cord injury for at least 2 years were enrolled from six centers in the neurogenic bladder study group. They were asked to fill-out a questionnaire about treatments they received and techniques they used for bladder management.Results:The study included 246 male and 91 female patients with a mean age of 42±14 years. Intermittent catheterization ( IC) was performed in 77.9% of the patients, 3.8% had indwelling catheters, 13.8% had normal spontaneous micturition, 2.6% performed voiding maneuvers, 1.3% used diapers and 0.6% used condom catheters. No gender difference was found regarding the techniques used in bladder rehabilitation ( P>0.05). Overall, 63.2% of patients used anticholinergic drugs; anticholinergic drug use was similar between genders ( P>0.05). The most common anticholinergic drug used was oxybutynin ( 40.3%), followed by trospium ( 32.6%), tolterodine ( 19.3%) darifenacin ( 3.3%), propiverine ( 3.3%) and solifenacin ( 1.1%). The specialties of the physicians who first prescribed the anticholinergic drug were physiatrists ( 76.2%), urologists ( 22.1%) and neurologists ( 1.7%). Only four patients had previously received injections of botulinum-toxin-A into the detrusor muscle and three of them stated that their symptoms showed improvement. Most of the patients ( 77%) had regular follow-up examinations, including urine cultures, urinary system ultrasound and urodynamic tests, when necessary; the reasons for not having regular control visits were living distant from hospital ( 15.3%) and monetary problems ( 7.7%). Of the patients, 42.7% did not experience urinary tract infections ( UTI), 36.4% had bacteriuria but no UTI episodes with fever, 15.9% had 1-2 clinical UTI episodes per year and 5% had ≥3 clinical UTIs. The clinical characteristics of patients with and without UTI ( at least one symptomatic UTI during 1 year) were similar ( P>0.05). The frequency of symptomatic UTI was similar in patients using different bladder management techniques ( P>0.05).Conclusion:The most frequently used technique for bladder rehabilitation in patients with SCI was IC ( 77.9%). In all, 63.2% of patients used anticholinergic drugs, oxybutynin being the most commonly used drug. Also, 77% of patients had regular control visits for neurogenic bladder; 42.7% did not experience any UTIs. © 2014 International Spinal Cord Society

Genç erkek basketbolcularda yapılan farklı ısınma yöntemlerinin bazı performans parametreleri üzerine akut etkisi

Bu çalışmanın amacı genç erkek basketbolcularda yapılan basketbola özgü dinamik ısınma ve FIFA+11 ısınma programlarının germe kısalma döngüsü (GKD), dikey sıçrama (DS) yüksekliği ve yön değiştirmeli koşu (YDK) performansına akut etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu 12 genç erkek basketbolcu (yaş ortalaması 15,7 ± 1,8 (yıl); boy uzunluğu 170,3 ± 7,2 (cm); vücut ağırlığı 67 ± 14,0 (kg) ; antrenman yaşı 3,6 ± 1,7 (yıl) oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk iki günü basketbola özgü dinamik ısınma ve FIFA+11 ısınma programı ile yapılacak olan ölçümlere ilişkin uyum antrenmanları uygulanmıştır. Birinci gün bir grup basketbola özgü dinamik ısınma, bir gurup FIFA+11 ısınma programını uygularken, ikinci ölçüm gününde gruplar yer değiştirmiştir. Her iki ısınma prosedüründen sonra 4 dakika dinlenme ve devamında sırasıyla GKD düzeyi ölçülmüş, devamında DS ve YDK testi yapılmıştır. Ölçümler Optojump sistemi ile kayıt altına alınmıştır. Yapılan ısınma protokollerinin performans üzerine olan etkisini karşılaştırmak için parametrik testlerden İlişkili Örneklemler için T-Test, GKD ile DS ve YDK arasındaki ilişkiye Pearson Korelasyon testi ile bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, basketbola özgü dinamik ısınma ve FIFA+11 ısınma programı sonrasında elde edilen performans parametreleri arasında GKD ve DS için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunurken (p>0.05), YDK performansı için fark bulunamamıştır. FIFA+11 ısınma programı sonrasında GKD ile DS ve YDK performansı arasında istatistiksel olarak yüksek düzeyde bir ilişki vardır (p<0.01). Bu çalışmada, FIFA+11 ısınma programının GKD’yi olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak antrenörlerin içerisinde patlayıcı hareketler içeren sıçrama, sprint özelliklerine yönelik yapılan çalışmalar öncesinde nöromüsküler bir ısınma yöntemi kullanması önerilebilir

An overview of deformation path shapes on equal channel angular pressing

WOS:000882249600001In recent years, research on ultra-fine grain materials has gained attention. While attempts have been made to improve the properties of the material, it has also become increasingly important to decrease the costs. Studies on improving material properties have revealed new production methods or have required the revision of existing production methods. In this direction, severe plastic deformation methods have come to the fore as a good alternative, and by improving the methods with new variations, materials with grain sizes below 1 mu m have been obtained. In addition, this method positively affects the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) method, one of the severe plastic deformation methods, which has attracted great attention among researchers, was examined and the development stages of the method were investigated according to recent studies. The effective parameters in the method were examined and the effects of these parameters on the grain structure and mechanical properties of the material were discussed. Channel shapes, which are open to innovation and increase the efficiency of the ECAP method, were kept in the foreground among the prominent parameters in the ECAP process, and the results of the design changes made with new variations were examined

Genç futbolcularda Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma test (seviye 1) ve tekrarlı sprint test performanslarının değerlendirilmesi

Bu araştırma genç futbolcuların Yo-Yo Aralıklı Toparlanma Testi seviye 1 (YIRT1) ve tekrarlı sprint performans değerleri arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 15 futbolcu (yaş= 16.00±0.84 yıl; vücut ağırlığı= 62.60±7.74 kg; boy uzunluğu= 1.68±0.04 cm) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporculara öncelikle dayanıklılık performanslarını belirlemek için YIRT1 uygulanırken, tekrarlı sprint performanslarını belirlemek için 25 sn dinlenmeli 7x34.2 m tekrarlı sprint testi uygulanmıştır. Testler sonucunda futbolcuların performans değerleri arasındaki ilişkilere Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılarak bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda YIRT1 performansı ile tekrarlı sprint performansından elde edilen yorgunluk indeksi ve toplam zaman arasında ilişki tespit edilmemiştir (r= 0.04, r= -0.35; p > 0.05). Bu durum tekrarlı sprint performansına aerobik dayanıklılık dışında başka performans değerlerinin de etki ettiğini göstermektedir