The effect of endosulfan on antioxidant systems and malondialdehyde levels in the erythrocyte of mouse

AMAÇ: Endosulfan pestisitinin fare eritrositindeki glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz, superoksit dismutaz, katalaz, glutatyon-S-transferaz aktivitelerine ve redükte glutatyon düzeyleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, oksidan stres mevcudiyetinin belirlenmesi için eritrosit malondialdehit düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. YÖNTEM: Araştırmamızda, Kurttepe Araştırma Enstitüsü'nden alınan 35-40 g ağırlığında 61 adet anaç fare (31 kontrol, 30 deneysel) kullanılmıştır. Deneysel gruba oral yolla, 30 gün süreyle endosulfan (0.33 mg/100 g vücut ağırlığı/gün) uygulanmıştır. SONUÇLAR: Endosulfanın 30 günde glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz, katalaz aktiviteleri ve redükte glutatyon düzeylerinde düşüşe; buna karşılık glutatyon-S-transferaz, superoksit dismutaz aktiviteleri ve malondialdehit düzeylerinde artışa neden olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). YORUM: Çalışmamızın sonucunda endosulfanın, canlıda oksidan stresi indükleyici etkiye neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.PURPOSE: The effect of endosulfan pesticide on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase activities and also reduced glutathione in erythrocyte of mouse was investigated. In addition, erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels were measured to clarify oxidant stress. METHOD: Sixtyone mature mice (31 control, 30 experimental), weighting between 35 and 40 g, were obtained from the Kurttepe Research Institute. The effect of oral administration of endosulfan (0.33 mg per 100 g body weight daily) for 30 days was investigated. RESULTS: Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase activities, and reduced glutathione levels were significantly decreased and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the group treated with endosulfan in 30 days compared to control (<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endosulfan caused induction of oxidant stress in live mice

The Effect of N-acetylcysteine on Amylase, Electrolytes, Vitamins and Nitrosative Stress Levels in Rats Treated with Maras Powder

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on amylase, electrolytes, vitamins and nitrosative stress levels in the plasma of rats treated with smokeless tobacco "maras powder". Our study consisted of three groups. Control (n = 10), the group using maras powder (n = 10), maras powder+ NAC group. To the Maras powder group, 200 mg maras powder was placed in the sublingual area under general anesthesia. It was waited for 15 minutes for Maras powder to be absorbed through mucosa. This procedure was repeated once a day and for 7 days. To the NAC group, 200 mg of Maras powder was given as in the Maras powder group and NAC was injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 100 mg / kg / day. On the 8th day, the levels of amylase, vitamins (A, C and E), electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl- ) and, as the biomarkers of nitrosative stress, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrotyrosine (3-NTx) in the plasma of all three groups were measured by the methods of ELISA. It was determined that amylase, 3-NTx, NO, electrolyte levels increased in the group using Maras powder compared to the control and NAC groups, but vitamin levels decreased. (p <0.05). It was detected that the levels of amylase, 3-NTx, NO, electrolyte in the group treated with NAC decreased compared to the group using Maras powder, whereas vitamin levels significantly increased and approached to the values of the control group. Smokeless tobacco 'Maras powder' increases nitrosative stress and distorts the levels of vitamin A, E, C and electrolyte in the plasma. NAC has a positive function in reducing the damage caused by Maras powder

Farelerde Oksidatif Stres Biyobelirteçlerinin ve Laktik Dehidrogenazın Biyolojik Varyasyonu

Bu çalışma, glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PD), katalaz (CAT), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon S-transferaz (GST), indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH), malondialdehit (MDA) gibi oksidatif stres biyobelirteçlerinin ve laktik dehidrogenaz (LDH)'ın biyolojik varyasyonlarını, analitik kalite spesifikasyonlarını ve referans aralıklarını saptamak amacıyla yapılan ilk araştırmadır. Bu çalışmada, 41 erişkin, 23-40 g ağırlığındaki Mus musculus albino fare (20 dişi, 21 erkek), 30 gün boyunca biyolojik varyasyon ve referans aralıkları çalışmaları için kullanıldı. Sağlıklı görünen farelerde analitik, kişisel ve kişiler-arası varyasyonlar değerlendirildi ve sırasıyla G6PD: %1.19 %22.51 ve %7.38; CAT: %14.09, %23.03 ve %29.42; SOD: %18, %11.12 ve %21.14; GST: %9.13, %12.00 ve %12.58; GSH: %4.12, %23.40 ve %11.20; LDH: %2.11, %16.45 ve %11.27; MDA: %4.75, %9.03 ve %31.55 olarak bulundu. Bu bulgular G6PD, GSH ve LDH'ın referans aralıkları, toplum tabanlı referans aralıklara uygun iken SOD ve MDA'nın kişisel-tabanlı referans aralıklara daha uygun olduğunu gösterdi. CAT ve GST'nin toplum tabanlı referans aralıklarda dikkatli kullanılması gerektiği bulundu.This is the first report, we aimed to determine the biological variations, analytical quality specifications of oxidative stress biomarkers such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and also lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in mice. In the our study, Mus musculus albino mice, forty-one adult (female 20, male 21), weighing between 23 and 40 g were enrolled for biological variation study during 30-day period. Samples were stored and then tested at the same time. Results were assessed in duplicate and coefficients of variation for each analyte which were isolated to distinguish variation such as within-, and between-individual variations. From these results, an index of individuality were determined for each analyte. The analytical, within-individual, between-individual variations were assessed in apparently healthy mice and were found to be; 1.19%, 22.51% and 7.38% for G6PD, 14.09%, 23.03% and 29.42% for CAT, 6.18%, 11.12% and 21.14% for SOD, 9.13%, 12.00% and 12.58% for GST, 4.12%, 23.40% and 11.20% for GSH, 2.11%, 16.45% and 11.27% for LDH, 4.75%, 9.03% and 31.55% for MDA, respectively. As a result, while population-based reference intervals for G6PD, GSH and LDH were appropriate, Subject-based reference intervals for SOD and MDA were more appropriate. CAT and GST had intermediate individuality so population-based reference intervals should be used with caution

Investigation of the Effects of Octreotide Agent on Oxidative Stress, 8-Hydroxy Deoxyguanosine in Experimental Hepatic Carcinogenesis Rat Model

INTRODUCTION: 2-AAF and DEN are well-known liver toxicants commonly used to stimulate tumors in laboratory animals. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of octreotide on DEN-induced and 2-AAF-supplemented hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 64 Wistar albino rats were divided into 8 groups. DEN (175 mg/kg) initiated and 2-AAF (20 mg/kg) promoted liver carcinogenesis in rats. The tumor growth inhibitor octreotide (300 μg/kg) was used. Rats were sacrificed at the end of experiment and their liver tissues were taken for the study. SOD, GSH-Px, CAT activities, NO and MDA levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Also, Hsp70 and 8-OHdG was measured by the ELISA method. RESULTS: In group 7, MDA, 8-OHdG, and Hsp70 levels were significantly increased. In addition, SOD, GSH-Px activity was significantly reduced in this group. MDA, 8-OHdG and Hsp70 levels were significantly reduced in Group 8, which received octreotide for treatment. CONCLUSION: DEN and 2-AAF cause very serious liver damage. Octreotide protects the liver from carcinogenesis, increases the activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes and helps reduce DNA damage. Therefore, octreotide may be an inhibitor in tumor cells and may reduce oxidative stress. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

The effect of endosulfan on hematologic parameters in mus musculus

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı zaman periyodlarında uygulanan endosülfan pestisitinin Mus musculus'ta hematolojik parametreler üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıbbi Deneysel Cerrahi Araştırma Merkezi'nden alınan 23-40 g ağırlığında 60 adet anaç Mus musculus (30 kontrol, 30 deneme) kullanılmıştır. Deneme grubuna endosülfan (0.24 mg/100 g vücut ağırlığı/gün) 90 ve 180 gün oral yolla uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Endosülfanın 90 günde lökosit düzeyini arttırdığı ve eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, ortalama eritrosit hacmi ve ortalama eritrosit hemoglobin düzeylerini düşürdüğü (p<0.05), ancak 180 günde hematolojik parametre değerlerinin kontrol değerlere yaklaştığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Canlıda 90 gün sürede endosülfan toksisitesine karşı hematolojik parametrelerde fizyolojik bir yanıt gelişirken, 180 gün sürede adaptasyon mekanizmasının geliştiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Purpose: To investigate the effect of endosulfan pesticide administration in different lengths of time on hematologic parameters in Mus musculus. Material and Methods: Sixty mature Mus musculus (30 control, 30 experimental), weighing between 23 and 40 g, were obtained from the Medical Experimental Surgery Research Center of Çukurova University. The effect of oral administration of endosulfan (0.24 mg per 100 g body weight) daily for 90 and 180 days was investigated. Results: There has been an observation that the leucocyte level increased in 90 days and levels of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin decreased (<0.05) but values of hematologic parameters in 180 days approached the control's. Conclusion: While physiologic response of the hematologic parameters to endosulfan toxicity was developing in 90 days in the living, adaptation mechanism was completed in 180 days

Vitamin B complex and vitamin B 12 levels after peripheral nerve injury

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether tissue levels of vitamin B complex and vitamin B 12 were altered after crush-induced peripheral nerve injury in an experimental rat model. A total of 80 male Wistar rats were randomized into one control (n = 8) and six study groups (1, 6, 12, 24 hours, 3, and 7 days after experimental nerve injury; n = 12 for each group). Crush-induced peripheral nerve injury was performed on the sciatic nerves of rats in six study groups. Tissue samples from the sites of peripheral nerve injury were obtained at 1, 6, 12, 24 hours, 3 and 7 days after experimental nerve injury. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that tissue levels of vitamin B complex and vitamin B 12 in the injured sciatic nerve were significantly greater at 1 and 12 hours after experimental nerve injury, while they were significantly lower at 7 days than in control group. Tissue level of vitamin B 12 in the injured sciatic nerve was significantly lower at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours than in the control group. These results suggest that tissue levels of vitamin B complex and vitamin B 12 vary with progression of crush-induced peripheral nerve injury, and supplementation of these vitamins in the acute period may be beneficial for acceleration of nerve regeneration

Halotan ile oluşturulan karaciğer glukoz-6-fosfat dehitrogenaz indüksiyonunun değerlendirilmesinde bir fare modeli

The effect of halothane anesthesia in different doses and a period of two weeks on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity of mouse liver were investigated. The mean and SD of G6PDH for liver of normal mice were 0.036$\pm$0.017 U/mg protein and 1.756$\pm$0.814 U/g liver, respectively. Although there was histopathological damage in the liver, liver weights in treated mice increased significantly compared to control animals. Increasing the dosage of halothane inhalation induced liver G6PDH enzyme activity (U/g liver) by 84%, 42% and 4%, showing an inverse relation with the dose of halothane (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 cc twice daily for two weeks). Although the Michaelis constant (Km) of the partially purified enzyme for glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) were similar, the utilization of analogs as 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2d- G6P), galactose-6-phosphate (Gal-6P) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) were different. The induced enzyme was more heat stable than the control.The effect of halothane anesthesia in different doses and a period of two weeks on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity of mouse liver were investigated. The mean and SD of G6PDH for liver of normal mice were 0.036$\pm$0.017 U/mg protein and 1.756$\pm$0.814 U/g liver, respectively. Although there was histopathological damage in the liver, liver weights in treated mice increased significantly compared to control animals. Increasing the dosage of halothane inhalation induced liver G6PDH enzyme activity (U/g liver) by 84%, 42% and 4%, showing an inverse relation with the dose of halothane (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 cc twice daily for two weeks). Although the Michaelis constant (Km) of the partially purified enzyme for glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) were similar, the utilization of analogs as 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2d- G6P), galactose-6-phosphate (Gal-6P) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) were different. The induced enzyme was more heat stable than the control

Sağlıklı görünen farelerin karaciğer ve meme dokularında oksidatif stres biyobelirteçlerinin düzeyleri

Giriş: Bu çalışmada ileride yapılacak toksikolojik araştırmalara temel veri sağlamak amacıyla karaciğer ve meme dokularında antioksidan sistemler [glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PDH), katalaz (CAT), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST), redükte glutatyon (GSH)] incelendi. Buna ek olarak, lipit peroksidasyonun bir göstergesi olarak karaciğer ve meme dokularında tiyobarbiturik asit reaktif maddesi (TBARS) ölçüldü. Materyal ve Metod: Sağlıklı görünen, histopatolojik inceleme sonucu normal karaciğer ve meme dokusu bulgusu bulunan 66 fare (36 erkek, 30 dişi) çalışmaya alındı. Dokular soğuk % 1,15 KCI ile homojenize edildi. Antioksidan enzimler, GSH ve TBARS düzeyi 14.000 rpm’de santrifüjden sonra elde edilen süpernatant’ta spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü. Bulgular: Erkek ve dişi farelerin karaciğer dokularındaki antioksidan sistemlerin ve TBARS düzeylerinin meme dokusundan yüksek olduğu gözlendi. Bununla birlikte, meme dokusundaki G6PDH hariç CAT, SOD, GST, GSH ve TBARS düzeylerinin erkek ve dişi fareler arasında farklılık göstermediği saptandı. Öte yandan, erkek fare karaciğerinde G6PDH hariç CAT, SOD, GST, GSH ve TBARS düzeylerinin dişi karaciğerine göre daha yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuçlar, karaciğer dokusunda antioksidan savunmanın meme dokusuna oranla yüksek olmasının, karaciğerde olası çeşitli toksik maddelere karşı kompensatuar yanıta bağlı olabileceğini ve bu şekilde hücreleri oksidatif hasara karşı koruyabileceğini göstermiştir.Purpose: In the present study, the levels of antioxidant systems such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and, also reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver and breast tissues were examined in order to obtain basal data for subsequent toxicological investigations. Additionally, the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was measured in liver and breast tissues as an index of lipid peroxidation. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six apparently healthy mice (36 males, 30 females) had normal liver and breast tissues (histopathological data) were taken into the study. The tissues were homogenised with ice-cold 1.15% KCI. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, the levels of GSH and TBARS were measured as spectrophotometric in the supernatant obtained from centrifugation at 14.000 rpm. Results: The levels of antioxidant systems and TBARS in the liver were significantly higher than those found in the breast tissue of female and male mice. However, the levels of CAT, SOD, GST, GSH and TBARS in breast tissue except G6PDH enzyme were not significantly different between female and male mice. On the other hand, the levels of CAT, SOD, GST, GSH and TBARS in the male liver were higher than the female liver except for G6PDH enzyme. Conclusion: Results suggest that antioxidant defense of the liver tissue was higher compared to breast tissue possibly due to a compensatory response to various toxic substances in the liver and thereby protects the cells against oxidative damage

Ceyhan nehri (Adana-Türkiye)’nde yaşayan benekli siraz (Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894)’larda solungaç ve karaciğer dokudaki oksidatif stresin biyolojik göstergeleri

Araştırma, Ceyhan Nehri’nin tarımsal, sanayi, mezbaha ve evsel atıklarının deşarj olduğu bölge (Büyükmangıt köyü) ile aynı nehir üzerinde kurulu olan Aslantaş Barajı kret altı bölgesi’nde (Osmaniye) yapılmıştır. Çalışmada kirlilik indikatörü su parametre değerleri gözlenmiş ve bunların benekli sirazda karaciğer ve solungaç dokudaki çeşitli oksidatif stres biyomarkerları üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Superoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT) ve glikoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PD)’ı içeren oksidatif stres biyomarkerları analiz edilmiştir. Glutatyon (GSH) ve lipid peroksidasyon (LPO) seviyeleri de ayrıca değerlendirilmiştir. Kirli olarak tayin edilen deşarj bölgesinden toplanan balıkların karaciğer dokularında CAT, G6PD, GST ve GSH aktivitesi yüksek seviyelerde bulunmuştur. SOD ve LPO miktarları da (solungaç ve karaciğer için P < 0,05) deşarj bölgesinde oldukça yüksek seviyelerde gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, sucul ekosistem kirliliğinin biyolojik gözleminde, oxidative stress biyomarkerlarına rasyonel bir kullanım sağlayacaktır.This study was carried out in an agricultural, industrial, domestic, and slaughterhouse area that is also a discharging region of the river Ceyhan just under the crest of the Aslantaş dam. Levels of pollution indicator parameters of the water were observed and their effects on various oxidative stress biomarkers in gill and liver tissues of spotted barb (Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894) were investigated. The oxidative stress biomarkers analyzed included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also evaluated. High levels of CAT, G6PD, GST, and GSH activity were found in the liver tissues of fish collected from the river Ceyhan discharging region; it was determined that the region was polluted. Substantially high levels of SOD and LPO (P < 0.05 in gill and liver) were observed. The findings of the present investigation will provide a rational use for oxidative stress biomarkers in aquatic ecosystem pollution biomonitoring