THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE INDUSTRIAL AREAS AFFECTED BY RESTRUCTURING

In the context of what is implemented through dualism "ecosystem-efficient", sustainable development involves the care of the human potential of the present situation and the future of its natural resources, energy, materials and information. As an effect of responsibility for future generations, the efficient use of resources requires, at the same time, the operation of a sustainable economy, by diversification and development of the labour market in order to meet present and future demands of human society. At local and regional level, through the closing of mines and large enterprises, with an effect in restructuring the economic sector and employment, development strategies and rehabilitation of the affected industrial areas as a common principle approach, analyzing the problems, defining the objectives and policies, identifying actions to attack problems and provide for mechanisms that will enable the progress control. In this paper it is presented the concept of sustainable development as imperative for economic growth, diversification and development of the labour market, being dealt the representative criteria and principles of sustainable development strategy of any company. Are defined the components and objectives of a strategy for local and regional development of industrial areas affected by the restructuring

Immunoexpression of mast cells and macrophages in angiogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with metabolic syndrome

This article is the result of our long-term studies in the area of atherogenesis and continuing to date search for answers to unresolved issues, in cooperation with the Angiogenesis Research Center, the Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Timisoara, Romania). The results of these studies were presented at many national and international symposia and congresses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial damage is a precursory symptom of atherosclerosis, which leads to an increase of vascular permeability, activation of mast cells and migration of leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, adhesion of platelets, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and eventual vasospasm and proinflammatory condition. All of the above listed components can be rightfully considered active pathogenetic participants in atherosclerosis and a result of aggregation of all risk factors that accompany a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc. The influx of monocytes and mast cells during the early stages of atherosclerosis leads to the most pronounced manifestations of vascular inflammation, especially in patients with metabolic disorders [1]. Angiogenesis is a very important pathogenetic element of atherosclerosis in stages of complicated plaques, along with mast cells and macrophages. CD-105 is a sensitive marker of newly formed endothelial cells, an effective index of activation and proliferation of microvessels, not only in aggressive forms of cancer, but also in atherosclerotic plaques of the affected vessels. The plaque neovascularization process often begins in intima, progresses and leads to further destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques (intramural hemorrhage, ruptures etc.). Also, anti-MCT (mast cell tryptase) and CD-68 demonstrate clearly the important pathogenetic stages and patterns of atherosclerosis development and its complications in patients with metabolic disorders. In our study, we analyzed the histotopographic distribution of newly formed blood vessels as a feature of angiogenesis, the extent of mast cell degranulation, the expression of macrophages in different types of plaques, as well as various arterial vessels in patients with atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, complicated by atherosclerosis. We have tried to analyze the importance of mast cells and macrophages, the patterns of development of atherosclerosis stages, along with diagnostic and prognostic features. The study included 34 patients, who died of atherosclerosis (no. =17) and atherosclerotic complications of metabolic syndrome (no. =17). Fragments of their cerebral (middle cerebral arteries), carotid, coronary arteries, aorta (thoracic and abdominal segments), renal, iliac and vertebral arteries were collected for research at autopsy. The fragments were processed using standard techniques. The type definition of plaques was based on morphological classification, as well as on macroscopic and histological images of hematoxylin-eosin stained sections and on histochemical methods – silver and orcein impregnation. To determine the expression of mast cells in the affected vessels, we have used anti-MCT immunohistochemical stain. Macrophages were identifi ed using the CD-68 specifi c marker and the newly formed vessels – respectively, by using CD- 105 (Endoglin), which is specific. The evaluation of the results was based on determining the density and intensity of the final reaction, reflected in the quantitative ratio of different zones of atheromatous plaques. Positively stained mast cells, macrophages and newly formed vessels were found in many types of atherosclerotic plaques, especially in adventitia and in the immediate vicinity of plaques and in subendothelial layers. We found a statistical correlation between the plaque type and clinical data. The immunohistochemical method is effective for determining mast cells, macrophages, and newly formed vessels of atherosclerotic plaques, directly refl ecting many important pathogenetic elements of atherogenesis in patients with metabolic syndrome

THE OPPORTUNITY OF IMPLEMENTATION THE ANCHORED SUPPORTING OF UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS

As an objective necessity of restriction the scope of the steel timbering used for the current metalsupport of the underground excavations, resulting from the not correlation of the symmetric constructionsupporting system with uneven maximum vector manifestation of pressure, as well as economic considerations,generated by the high costs and labor for the lamination of metal profiles, by applying to the supplier aadditional treatments improve, it becomes increasingly necessary to introduce and generalization on how toconsolidate rocks by anchored support. The paper analyzes the possibility of generalization the anchoredsupport for underground excavations, as well as the specific features of this support system in its interactionwith the surrounding rock, with the aim of making the option for choosing this method of consolidation therocks

Knowledge of the health risks of smoking and impact of cigarette warning labels among tobacco users in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine knowledge of health effects of smoking and the impact of cigarette package warnings among tobacco users from six European Union (EU) Member States (MS) immediately prior to the introduction of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in 2016 and to explore the interrelationship between these two factors. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected via face-to-face interviews with adult smokers (n=6011) from six EU MS (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain) between June-September 2016. Sociodemographic variables and knowledge of health risks of smoking (KHR) were assessed. Warning salience, thoughts of harm, thoughts of quitting and foregoing of cigarettes as a result of health warnings were assessed. The Label Impact Index (LII) was used as a composite measure of warning effects. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic predictors of KHR and LII and the inter-relationship between knowledge and LII scores. RESULTS The KHR index was highest in Romania and Greece and lowest in Hungary and Germany. While the majority of smokers knew that smoking increases the risk for heart diseases, lung and throat cancer, there was lower awareness that tobacco use caused mouth cancer, pulmonary diseases, stroke, and there were very low levels of knowledge that it was also associated with impotence and blindness, in all six countries. Knowledge regarding the health risks of passive smoking was moderate in most countries. The LII was highest in Romania and Poland, followed by Spain and Greece, and lowest in Germany and Hungary. In almost all countries, there was a positive association between LII scores and higher KHR scores after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Several sociodemographic factors were associated with KHR and LII, with differences in these associations documented across countries. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence to support the need for stronger educational efforts and policies that can enhance the effectiveness of health warnings in communicating health risks and promoting quit attempts. Data will serve as a baseline for examining the impact of the TPD

Aer Pur Romania: 25 Years Dedicated to Tobacco Control

Introduction Organization AER PUR Romania is a non-governmental organization involved in tobacco control and health promotion for more than 25 year. This paper presents the strategy, activities and results of the organization in enhancing tobacco control in Romania as well as in building partnerships and collaborative projects with influence at European level. Methods The presentation focuses on the involvement of AER PUR Romania in influencing several fields of tobacco control-educational programs for smoking prevention and cessation for different population groups, legislative measures, training and capacity building, national and international cooperation. Results AER PUR Romania was active in implementing several smoking prevention programs such as I Do not Smoke, SmokeeFree Class Competition, Adolescent Smoking cessation, Quit and win for adolescents and in the present is involved in a European project for health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention in Romania. It also plaid an important role in building partnerships and advocacy for moving forward several legislative measures in the field of tobacco control in Romania as well as research, training and capacity building for smoking prevention and cessation, several times stimulating the implication and commitment of several organizations in this field. Conclusions AER PUR Romania is committed to continue its activities in the field of tobacco control and health promotion, based on its experience and through a wide cooperation with national and international partners

MANAGEMENT OF SUSTEINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC REVIVAL OF MINING AREAS AFFECTED BY RESTRUCTURING

Sustainable development of an area or region, as a process of change, of economic and jobs development, entails, in the context of what it summarizes through the dualism: ecosystem-ecoeficiency, community concern over the current and future situation of its natural resources, energy, materials and information. With the responsible approach for the sustainable development of mining areas, the exploitation and the efficient use of coal as the main source of fossil fuel for energy production, involves the operation of a sustainable economy to meet the current needs of the society, respectively the orientation of the development technologies and the institutions of increasingly responsible for implementation, which actions must be convergent and replace the fact that mining must use resources with care such as mining as a whole, should not endanger the natural support systems of life. The paper presents, in an uniform and coherent whole, the specific principles and criteria of strategic and integrated management of sustainable development, based on what are the detailed objectives and priorities of economic development of mining regions, as well as highlights of the strategic management of sustainable development at the local, regional and national levels

The role of non-governmental organizations in tobacco control in Romania

Background World Health Organization calls for comprehensive measures for tobacco control which includes legislative, socio-economical and educational measures. This presentation has two objectives. First it gives an overview of the tobacco control in Romania. Second it gives examples which illustrate the role plaid by non-governmental organizations in establishing activities and cooperation for long term strategies in this field. Methods The results are based on data from literature as well as personal experience of the authors. The presentation underlines the strengths and weakness of tobacco control in Romania, giving a special attention to the role plaid by non-governmental organizations. Results The strengths of the tobacco control in Romania includes the legislation which limits the exposure to tobacco control advertisement and exposure to passive smoking in public places, the presence of pictogram on tobacco packages, increasing prices for tobacco products, development of some educational programs, including a smoking cessation program using the information technology. The weaknesses include the limited funding for educational activities for tobacco prevention and support for quitting smoking, poor reinforcement of legislation which prohibits the access of adolescents to tobacco products. The non-governmental organizations plaid an important role in developing national and international cooperation which stimulated the development of educational activities for tobacco prevention and cessation, training and capacity building as well as advocacy for adopting and implementation of legislation for tobacco control. Conclusions Non-governmental organizations play an important role in enhancing tobacco control in Romania through a wide cooperation with national and international partners, which several times stimulated the implication and commitment of several organizations in this field

Romania- New Tobacco control law from an NGO perspective

In our presentation we are evaluating the progress of the tobacco control in Romania looking form the point of view on NGO in the last 26 years. We are signalling the progressive steps towards policy and an advocacy from our perspective and the consequences of our success. The final result is reflected in the new law starting in force on March 17th, 2016, a real advance in our fight. We are identifying in the same time the new challenging problems after launching the new law. Probably the biggest gain of our fight is the extensive partnership with all the factors, our efforts to bring together in a big family as the coalition “Romania Respira” politicians, advocates, judges, economists, young’s and also the new way found to encourage all: mass media, politicians, journalists, public to support us

Knowledge of the health risks of smoking and impact of cigarette warning labels among tobacco users in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine knowledge of health effects of smoking and the impact of cigarette package warnings among tobacco users from six European Union (EU) Member States (MS) immediately prior to the introduction of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in 2016 and to explore the interrelationship between these two factors. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected via face-to-face interviews with adult smokers (n=6011) from six EU MS (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain) between June-September 2016. Sociodemographic variables and knowledge of health risks of smoking (KHR) were assessed. Warning salience, thoughts of harm, thoughts of quitting and foregoing of cigarettes as a result of health warnings were assessed. The Label Impact Index (LII) was used as a composite measure of warning effects. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic predictors of KHR and LII and the inter-relationship between knowledge and LII scores. RESULTS The KHR index was highest in Romania and Greece and lowest in Hungary and Germany. While the majority of smokers knew that smoking increases the risk for heart diseases, lung and throat cancer, there was lower awareness that tobacco use caused mouth cancer, pulmonary diseases, stroke, and there were very low levels of knowledge that it was also associated with impotence and blindness, in all six countries. Knowledge regarding the health risks of passive smoking was moderate in most countries. The LII was highest in Romania and Poland, followed by Spain and Greece, and lowest in Germany and Hungary. In almost all countries, there was a positive association between LII scores and higher KHR scores after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Several sociodemographic factors were associated with KHR and LII, with differences in these associations documented across countries. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence to support the need for stronger educational efforts and policies that can enhance the effectiveness of health warnings in communicating health risks and promoting quit attempts. Data will serve as a baseline for examining the impact of the TPD