Solid-Phase Synthesis of Asymmetrically Substituted Phthalocyanines

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are excellent candidates for use as fluorophores for near-infrared (near-IR) fluorescent tagging of biomolecules and as photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents. Synthesis of Pcs with asymmetrical substitution on the periphery is often difficult due to the problems during the purification of the Pc mixtures obtained. The objective of this project is to design and synthesize chemically robust near-IR fluorophores for bioanalytical applications and to develop new synthetic methods for rapid synthesis of the target compounds. A novel synthetic route was developed utilizing a hydrophilic, polyethylene glycol-based (PEG) support with different types of linkers. The Pcs were functionalized with either hydroxyl or amine groups for covalent conjugation purposes and were decorated with solubilizing groups such as carboxylic acids and short PEG chains. Monohydroxyl and mono-amine functionalized oligoethylene glycol substituted Pcs were synthesized via a solid-phase phthalonitrile tetramerization reaction. In order to alter the photophysical properties of the desired compounds different metals were inserted in the cavity of the macrocycle. The potential of several of the compounds for PDT has been evaluated in vitro. Generally, these compounds are readily taken up in cells, have very low dark toxicity, exhibit rapid toxicity in near-infrared light, and are broadly dispersed in the cell including in lysosomes and in the endoplasmic reticulum

Copper(I) iodide complex with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde ligand: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation, AIM and NCI analysis combined with molecular docking and antibacterial activity studies

In this article, we synthesized a [CuI(4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde)4] complex characterized by CHN analy-ses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and DFT. The spectroscopic characteristics and biological activities of the synthesized complex were investigated using quantum mechanical methods using combined experimental and com-putational approaches. The orbital NBO and topological AIM approaches were used to investigate inter-molecular interactions. According to the second-order perturbation energy analysis, the majority of the E (2) stabilization energies of of LP(N) -> LP *(Cu) are higher than those of LP(I) -> LP *(Cu), implying that the nitrogen atom in the complex is the main contributor to coordination. In addition, the biological ac-tivities of the title complex were investigated by using molecular docking analysis. In this investigation, the title Cu (I) complex was the most active molecule, with the maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis infections that should be further clinically investigated due to its effective anti and anti-quorum sensing properties. The title complex showed good antiquorum-sensing activity when tested against C. violaceum ATCC 12472. Furthermore, in-silico molecular docking investigations corrobo-rated the chemical activity correlations. The Cu (I) combination has a maximum dock score for some of the active chemicals.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Experimental and DFT studies of 2-methyl-quinoxaline and its silver (I) complex: Non-covalent interaction analysis, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking study

The current study describes the characterization and vibrational spectra (elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and UV–Visible absorption) of 2-Methyl-quinoxaline (2-MQ) and synthesized [Ag(2-Methyl-quinoxaline)(NO3)]. The experimental investigation is supported by theoretical calculations at the DFT level. The frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), the global reactivity descriptors, MEP, and thermodynamic analysis are also computed to investigate the reactivity of the ligand and the complex. The intermolecular interactions in the title compound were analyzed by topological AIM and RDG approaches. The chemical structure of the ligand and its Ag(I) complex were elucidated by the ELF analysis. In addition, a molecular docking study was implemented to look into the studied compounds for their antibacterial activity. According to the molecular docking study used to evaluate the inhibitory effect on target proteins for antimicrobial drugs, the metal complex has a greater binding affinity than the free ligand. These compounds might thus be effective antibacterial candidates. Thus, antimicrobial studies have been performed with 2-MQ and Ag(I) complex against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The 2-MQ proved to be the most active compound in this study and showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus ATCC 29213, B. cereus 709 Roma, V. anguillarum ATCC 43312 and C. albicans ATCC 90028. Antimicrobial activity against Ag(I) complex, L. monocytogenes, V. anguillarum, A. hydrophila, E. aerogenes, S. dysenteria, B. cereus and C. albicans was determined. © 202

Synthesis, characterization, thermal, DFT study, antioxidant and antimicrobial in vitro investigations of indazole and its Ag(I) complex

In this study, experimental and computational analyses were performed on free indazole and its silver metal complex. By using spectral methods, thermal studies, and analytical analysis, a new synthesized Ag(I) complex has been characterized. The geometric structures were optimized, structural parameters were calculated, and the chemical reactivity of the synthesized compound was investigated using the DFT calculations. Topological (AIM, RDG) investigations were done to look into molecular properties in order to learn more about the complex's attractive bonds and van der Waals interactions. The antioxidant activities of indazole and its silver metal complex were determined in vitro using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Ascorbic acid and BHT (butylatedhydroxytoluene) were used as the standard substances. As a result, it was determined that the antioxidant capacity of the indazole substance was higher than the Ag (I) complex. The antimicrobial activity of the Ag(I) complex against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was superior to that of the free ligand. The result analyses were supported by molecular docking approaches to explore the possible interaction of each compound with anti-microbial and antioxidant agents. © 2023 Elsevier Lt

Awareness raising about protection from sexual abuse in mild mental disabled children parents: Practice sample of an educationHafif zihinsel engelli çocukların ebeveynlerinde çocuk cinsel istismari konusunda farkındalık yaratma: Eğitim uygulaması örneği

Increasing awareness of the mental disabled children and their families related to sexual abuse could help them in protecting from this experience. This study was conducted to conceive awareness about sexual abuse in mental disabled children families as experimental with pre-post test design. Fifteen mild mental disabled children parents were taken to the study. Data were collected with Parent Interview Form by the researcher. Education for the parents was given with Parents Education Guide Booklets and PowerPoint presentations in 6 sessions. Ethical institute assent and written consents of the parents were taken. For analysis number, percentage and Wilcoxon tests were used.Also, parents' general knowledge scores increase in all educational subjects. İt is determined that there was a statistical difference regarding to the parents’ scores of general knowledge about all education subjects between before and after the education (p<0.05).After the study; the awareness of mental disabled children parents about protecting from a possible sexual abuse were increased as desired with educations about protecting from sexual abuse.  Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetZihinsel engelli çocukların ailelerinin çocuk cinsel istismarı konusunda farkındalıklarının artması çocuklarının karşılaşabilecekleri olası bir cinsel istismar deneyiminden korunmaları konusunda yardımcı olabilir.Bu araştırma, zihinsel engelli çocukların ebeveynlerinde cinsel istismar konusunda farkındalık yaratmak amacıyla öntest-sontest yarı deneysel desende yapılmıştır. Araştırma 15 hafif zihinsel engelli çocuk sahip ebeveyn ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler Ebeveyn Görüşme Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Eğitimler Ebeveyn Eğitimi Kılavuz Kitapçıkları ve Sunuları ile 6 eğitim oturumunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Etik kurul onayı ve ebeveynlerden yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam formu alınmıştır. Değerlendirmede sayı, yüzdelik ve Wilcoxon testi kullanılmıştır.Ebeveynlerin tüm eğitim konularında genel bilgi puanlarının arttığı ve eğitim öncesi ve sonrası arasında istatistiksel fark olduğu (p<0.05) belirlenmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda; zihinsel engelli çocukların ebeveynlerine verilen cinsel istismardan korunma eğitimleri ile olası bir cinsel istismardan korunmada farkındalıkları istendik yönde arttırılmıştır

Comparison in a rat thigh abscess model of imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against Acinetobacter baumannii strains in terms of bactericidal efficacy and resistance selection

BACKGROUND: We compared imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against hospital originated A. baumannii strains in terms of bactericidal efficacy and selection of resistant mutants during treatment in a rat thigh abscess model. METHODS: A total of 18 strains were inoculated in 54 animals (one strain for three animals). Randomly selected 10 among these 18 strains were inoculated in another 10 rats as the control group. Imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam were the antibiotics compared. After four days of treatment, Wistar albino rats (200 to 250 g) were sacrificed and the abscess materials were processed for mean colony counts and for the presence of resistant mutants. RESULTS: The mean CFUs per gram (mean ± (std. deviation) [×10(4)]) of the abscess were: 9,14 (25,24), 2,11 (3,78), 1,20 (1,70) in the imipenem (n = 17), meropenem (n = 18) and cefoperazone-sulbactam (n = 17) groups, respectively. The differences were not significant. On the other hand, no resistant mutant was detected in abscess materials. CONCLUSION: This study indicated; first, cefoperazone-sulbactam is comparable to carbapenems in bactericidal efficacy in this particular abscess model and second, emergence of resistance due to spontaneous mutations is not at least a frequent phenomenon among A. baumannii

Efficacy of adalimumab therapy in experimental rat sclerosing encapsulated peritonitis model

Aim To investigate the efficacy of adalimumab treatment in an experimental rat sclerosing encapsulated peritonitis (SEP) model. Methods The study involved 40 Wistar albino rats divided into four groups: chlorhexidine (CH) group, control group, CH + adalimumab group, and CH + resting group. The control group received normal saline intraperitoneally (i.p.). Other groups received 0.1% CH gluconate, 15% ethanol, and normal saline mixture i.p. for three weeks in order to induce SEP. CH + adalimumab group received 5 mg/kg adalimumab i.p. at the beginning of week 4 and week 6, while CH + resting group was followed-up for three weeks without applying any procedure after the onset of SEP. Rats in groups CH and control group were sacrificed on day 21, and rats in group CH + adalimumab and CH + resting were sacrificed on day 42. All groups were evaluated for peritoneal thickness, inflammation, vascularization, and fibrosis. Results CH + adalimumab group showed a significant decrease in peritoneal thickness, fibrosis score, and vascular score compared with CH group and CH + resting group. Conclusion Adalimumab can prevent SEP development

Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının belirlenmesi

This descriptive research was carried out to determine the demographic characteristics that effect of healthy life style behavior of the students at Uludağ University. The study sample included 336 students in School of Health. The healthy life style behavior scale (HLSB-II) was used to measure healthy life style behaviors.          The total scores HLSB scale-II of students (128.97 ±16.40), subscales health responsibility (29.75 ± 4.19), physical activity (16.60 ± 4.24), nutrition (19.40 ± 3.73), spiritual growth (26.93 ± 4.06), interpersonal relationships (26.16 ± 4.25) and stress management (19.44 ± 3.57) were found. The student nurses performed the best in health responsibility but the worst in physical activity. It was also found that girls more than men have a high average in total average. Students' income level is found to influence the ability to deal with the nutrition.          As a result, healthy life style behavior of students was generally found to be medium level in this study. Students should be empowered to make healthy choices, and appropriate health education interventions should be developed.Bu çalışma Uludağ Üniversitesinde okuyan öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını ve etkileyen demografik faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Sağlık Yüksekokulunda okuyan 336 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını belirlemede Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II (HLSB-II) kullanılmıştır.            Öğrencilerin  HLSB-II ölçeği puanları genel toplamda (128.97 ±16.40) ve alt ölçeklerden sağlık sorumluluğu (29.75 ± 4.19), fiziksel aktivite (16.60 ± 4.24),  beslenme (19.40 ± 3.73), manevi gelişim (26.93 ± 4.06), kişilerarası ilişkiler (26.16 ± 4.25) ve stres yönetimi (19.44 ± 3.57) bulunmuştur. Öğrenci hemşireler sağlık sorumluluğundan en yüksek, fiziksel aktiviteden en düşük puanı almıştır. Toplam puanda kızlar erkek öğrencilerden daha yüksek puan ortalamasına sahiptir. Öğrencilerin gelir düzeyinin beslenme davranışını etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.           Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları puanları orta düzeyde bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin sağlıklı seçimler yapabilmeleri sağlanmalı, uygun sağlık eğitim girişimleri geliştirilmelidir

The Ki-67 proliferation index predicts recurrence-free survival in patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma that originates from the dermis or subcutaneous tissue in the skin. While its prognosis is generally favorable, disease recurrence is relatively frequent. Because morbidity after repeated surgery may be significant, an optimized prediction of recurrence-free survival (RFS) has the potential to improve current management strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the Ki-67 proliferation index with respect to RFS in patients with DFSP. We retrospectively analyzed data from 45 patients with DFSP. We calculated the Ki-67 proliferation index as the percentage of immunostained nuclei among the total number of tumor cell nuclei regardless of the intensity of immunostaining. We constructed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify predictors of RFS. Among the 45 patients included in the study, 8 developed local recurrences and 2 had lung metastases (median follow-up: 95.0 months; range: 5.2−412.4 months). The RFS rates at 60, 120, and 240 months of follow-up were 83.8%, 76.2%, and 65.3%, respectively. The median Ki-67 proliferation index was 14%. Notably, we identified the Ki-67 proliferation index as the only independent predictor for RFS in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (hazard ratio = 1.106, 95% confidence interval = 1.019−1.200, p = 0.016). In summary, our results highlight the potential usefulness of the Ki-67 proliferation index for facilitating the identification of patients with DFSP at higher risk of developing disease recurrences