Umut Özkırımlı (ed.): "The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey: #occupygezi"

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Effects of breeder age and early feed energy restriction on development of gastrointestinal tract in broilers

Bu araştırma etçi piliçlerde damızlık yaşı ve erken dönem enerji kısıtlamasının mide–bağırsak kanalı gelişimine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada iki farklı yaştaki damızlık sürülerden (27 ve 60 hafta) elde edilen toplam 120 adet erkek etçi civciv kullanılmıştır. Her bir damızlık yaşı grubu rastgele iki diyet grubuna (C – kontrol grubu, E – enerji kısıtlaması grubu) bölünmüştür. Genç damızlıklardan elde edilen 21 günlük etçi piliçlerde bezli mide (P < 0,05), duodenum (P < 0,001), ileum (P < 0,01) ve toplam ince bağırsak relatif ağırlığı, yaşlı damızlıklardan elde edilen etçi piliçlere göre yüksek olmuştur (P < 0,001). Besi periyodu sonunda, enerji kısıtlaması grubundaki etçi piliçlerde relatif ince bağırsak ağırlığı ve ince bağırsak uzunluğu, kontrol grubuna göre yüksek (P < 0,05; P < 0,01) bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, etçi piliçlerin sindirim sisteminin erken dönem enerji kısıtlamasına duyarlı olduğu ve erken dönem enerji kısıtlamasına adaptasyon sürecinin, relatif bezli mide ağırlığını azalttığı, relatif ince bağırsak ağırlığı ile ince bağırsak uzunluğunun ise artmasına neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breeder age and early feed energy restriction on development of gastrointestinal tract in broilers. One hundred twenty day-old male broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery of different breeder ages (27 and 60 wk). Each breeder group was randomly divided into two diet groups, which included control (C) and restricted energy (E) groups. Relative proventriculus (P < 0.05), duodenum (P < 0.001), ileum (P < 0.01) and total relative small intestinal weight of broilers obtained from young breeders was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those obtained from old breeders at 21 days of age. The total small intestinal relative weight and total the small intestine length of broilers in the feed energy restriction group were found significantly higher (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) than the control group at the end of the fattening period. In conclusion, gastrointestinal tract development of broilers is susceptible to energy restriction at early growth period and adaptation of restricted energy diet decreased the proventriculus relative weight and increased the total relative weight and the total length of the small intestine

Östrus senkronizasyonu uygulanan saanen keçilerinde üreme özellikleri ve oğlaklarda büyüme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi]

This study aimed to determine the reproductive characteristics of Saanen goats of Australian origin using an estrus synchronization program with hormones (MPA and PMSG) in two different mating periods (Period I and Period II) and to investigate the survival rates and growth performances of kids. According to the results of the research, it was determined that pregnancy rate and litter size were higher in the mating period I (87% and 2.16) compared to mating period II (80.5% and 2.03), and it is hypothesized that this situation is related to the length of dry period of the goats. Although the mortality rate (P0.05). These results indicate that the kidding season should be an environmental factor to be taken into account when planning the production. In addition to this, it is important to optimize the care and management conditions, especially during the kidding season, due to the high multiple birth types for the estrus synchronization program in Saanen goats

Comparison of Growth and Development Characteristics of Hair and Damascus Kids Reared under Extensive Conditions

The present study aimed to compare the growth and the development of Hair and Damascus kids reared under extensive conditions. The body weights of Damascus goats were significantly higher than that of the Hair goats during the 360 days growth period (P &lt; 0.05; P&lt;0.001). Body weight was influenced by birth type only at birth and on the 360th day of the growth period, and single-birth kids had higher values than twin-born kids (P &lt; 0.05). Exceptfor the 120th day of the growth period, the body weight of kids born in dam age group III was higher than that of kids born in the other dam age groups (P &lt; 0.05; P &lt; 0.01; P &lt; 0.001). The breed effect was markedly observed after the 120th day of the growth period concerning body measurements especially chest depth, rump height, and body length. Damascus goats were significantly higher than that in the Hair goats for these traits (P &lt; 0.001). It can be suggested that comparative studies containing the entire growth period should be conducted on other indigenous goat breeds (Angora, Honamlı, Kilis, and Norduz goat breeds) and to demonstrate the growth and development characteristics of these breeds

Kırıkkale İlinde yetiştirilen taklacı güvercinlerde morfolojik özelliklerin belirlenmesi

The aim of this research was to determine the morphological characteristics of Kırıkkale tumbler pigeons. For this purpose, morphological characteristics were determined in 80 pigeons from 7 different breeders in Kırıkkale province. The body weight (P<0.05), body length (P<0.001), wing length (P<0.05), head width (P<0.01), and beak depth (P<0.001) were significantly influenced by sex. Male pigeons had higher values than female pigeons for these traits. Age group affected body weight, chest width, and chest depth. Although age group II was higher than age group I in terms of body weight, the age group I was higher than age group II in terms of chest width and chest depth (P<0.05). As a result of the study, it was determined that most of Kırıkkale tumbler pigeons had brown-eyed (89.53 %) and small muff (78.48 %), and there was a high rate of individuals with gray plumage color (35.16 %) without a crest (45.35 %). Body weight, body length, wing length, thoracic perimeter, and head width values of Kırıkkale tumbler pigeons were lower than the study for Squadron flyer but higher than the Alabadem and Muradiye Dönek pigeons. Kırıkkale tumbler pigeons had similar values to Ankara tumbler pigeons in terms of morphological characteristics. It can be suggested that the genetic relationship level between Ankara pigeons and Kırıkkale pigeons should be clarified by genetic studies.Bu araştırmanın amacı Kırıkkale taklacı güvercinlerinin morfolojik özelliklerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla Kırıkkale ilinde 7 farklı yetiştiriciden 80 güvercinde morfolojik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Canlı ağırlık (P<0.05), vücut uzunluğu (P < 0.001), kanat uzunluğu (P<0.05), baş genişliği (P<0.01) ve gaga derinliği (P<0.001) cinsiyetten önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Bu özelliklerde erkek güvercinler dişi güvercinlerden daha yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. Yaş grubu canlı ağırlık, göğüs genişliği ve göğüs derinliğini etkilemiştir. Canlı ağırlık bakımından yaş grubu II, yaşlı grubu I’den daha yüksek olmasına rağmen, göğüs genişliği ve göğüs derinliği bakımından yaş grubu I, yaş grubu II’den daha yüksek olmuştur (P<0.05). Bu araştırmanın sonucu olarak Kırıkkale taklacı güvercinlerinin çoğunun kahverengi gözlü (% 89.53) ve yıldız paçalı olduğu (% 78.48), gri dona sahip (% 35.16) ve tepesiz (% 45.35) bireylerin oranının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kırıkkale taklacı güvercinlerinin vücut ağırlığı, vücut uzunluğu, kanat uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi ve baş genişliği değerleri filo güvercinleri için yapılan çalışmaya göre daha düşük, Alabadem ve Muradiye Dönek güvercinlerine göre yüksek olmuştur. Kırıkkale taklacı güvercinleri morfolojik özellikler yönünden Ankara taklacı güvercinlerine benzer değerlere sahiptir. Ankara güvercinleri ile Kırıkkale güvercinleri arasındaki genetik yakınlık düzeyi, genetik çalışmalarla netleştirilmesi önerilebilir

Genetic Animal Heritage of Anatolia: Short-beaked Pigeon Genotypes

This study aimed to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of Bango, Mısıri and Baska pigeons, which have been preferred to breed as ornamental and diver pigeons in Anatolia. The ages of the pigeons were classified into four groups: 12-24 months of age (age group I), 25-36 months of age (age group II), 37-48 months of age (age group III), and 48 months of age and over (age group IV). These three pigeon genotypes were included in the bird group with short beak and small body structure. There were statistically significant differences among the genotypes in terms of body weight, head length-width, beak length-depth, chest depth-width, thoracic perimeter, tail and body length, wing span-length, tarsus diameter (p?0.01). Considering the body plumage color of pigeons, Mısıri and Bango pigeons show more similar appearance, however Baska pigeons has a different appearance from both genotypes. However, it is thought that it would be appropriate to evaluate morphological data together with genetic analysis. We think that these three pigeon genotypes should be taken under immediate protection in order to protect the domestic gene resources of Turkey.

The morphological and morphometric characteristics of Alabadem pigeons

This study aimed to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of Alabadem pigeons, which are grown as ornamental pigeons in Edirne province, and to determine mutual traits with other indigenous pigeon breeds in Turkey by comparing with previous studies. Body weight (P < 0.001), head length (P < 0.01), head width (P < 0.05), beak length (P < 0.001), and tarsus diameter (P < 0.05) of age group III were higher than those of other age groups; however, the wingspan of age group II was greater than that of other age groups in Alabadem pigeon. Compared to other indigenous genotypes in Turkey, the Alabadem pigeon is a small-sized genotype. Alabadem pigeons were similar to Edremit butterfly pigeons and Thracian tumbler pigeons in terms of crested and blackeyed pigeons. On the other hand, the irregularly shaped mark (almond) on the head in Alabadem pigeons was similar to the wide-long irregular shaped mark on the neck of Edremit butterfly pigeons. Some basic plumage colors (black, yellow, and red) and intermediate colors (chickpea and scarlet) were identical to Alabadem pigeons and Thrace roller pigeons. Since Alabadem pigeons have many mutual characteristics with Edremit butterfly pigeons and Thracian roller pigeons, genetic studies may be recommended to determine the degree of relationship among these breeds.Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit [NKUBAP.10, 17.138]This study was funded by Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit (Project No: NKUBAP.10.GA.17.138)

Türkiye?in yerli gen kaynağı, muradiye dönek güvercinlerinin morfolojik özellikleri]

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics of Muradiye Dönek pigeon. It is a local animal genetic resource and cultural heritage and has an important place among the genotypes of domestic pigeons in Turkey. The animal material of this study consisted of 100 pigeons (50 females and 50 males) from seven pigeon enterprises. In the study, morphological characteristics were evaluated and morphometric measurements were determined. Body plumage colors of pigeons were determined as black (70%), red (16%) and blue (14%) galaca. In some birds, the yellow beaks and nails may bear black spots, which pigeon breeders refer to as ‘zikir’. The term ‘biyik’ (mustache) is used when black feathers appear among the white feathers on the head, and the term ‘kemer’ (belt) is used when black feathers appear in the tail. The differences between the mean values of body weight and wingspan (P<0.001), chest depth (P<0.05) values were statically significant for age groups, which were reported to affect flight characteristics in birds. As a result, when the morphological characteristics obtained in Muradiye Dönek pigeons are compared with other researchers, it is thought that the selection of these birds were carried out by the breeders in terms of the game behavior such as rotation movement during the diving and landing. Although the data obtained in the study support the hypothesis that Muradiye Dönek pigeons should be defined as a different breed, further studies with DNA analysis are required to confirm this situation. © 2021, Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers. All rights reserved.17,138This work is supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University under project number 10.GA.17.138 (NKUBAP, Tekirdağ, Turkey).This work is supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Tekirda? Nam?k Kemal University under project number 10.GA.17.138 (NKUBAP, Tekirda?, Turkey)

Trading Puzzle, Puzzling Trade

We explore the return performance of individual investors with respect to various factors such as portfolio size, turnover ratio and also demographic factors: gender and age. Concerning that Borsa İstanbul has one of highest share turnover ratio worldwide (141.8% as of 2012), it is an ideal candidate to do this analysis. We examine the daily trades in Borsa İstanbul (formerly Istanbul Stock Exchange) of 20,000 individual investors over two year period from 2011 to 2012. The main finding which contradicts other studies and the contribution of the paper is that, the return of the individual portfolio is positively correlated with the portfolio size. Other findings are: Almost 70% of all individual investors cannot beat the market. Investors who have high turnover underperform compared to those who have lower turnover. Male investors trade more and lose more vis-à-vis the female and older investors have higher returns