55 research outputs found
Corporate Sector Financial Structure in Turkey : A Descriptive Analysis
This paper presents and discusses some stylised facts of the corporate sector financial structure in Turkey using the Company Sector Accounts compiled by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT). The findings of the paper suggest that non-financial firms in Turkey have been heavily exposed almost all of the basic balance sheet risks. The corporate sector appears to be excessively leveraged with relatively lower asset tangibility creating also a credit risk for the lenders. The firms rely heavily on foreign currency denominated and short-term debt instruments making them vulnerable to both exchange rate and interest rate shocks through currency and maturity mismatches. The corporate sector can be characterised as financially constrained as the deepening of the Turkish bank-based financial system is rather low and the bank credits to the private sector tend to be crowded out by the mode of domestic debt finance. The corporate sector vulnerabilities to maturity, interest rate and currency risks are found to be improving with the firm size. With the relatively stable macroeconomic environment and stricter prudential regulation on the financial system, the corporate sector balance sheet risks, albeit still are at high levels, tend to be improving after the financial crisis of 2001.Balance sheets, Capital structure, Corporate sector, Debt composition, Financial crowding-out, Liability dollarisation, Turkey
Determining Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces from Türkiye Using SSR Markers
Assessment of genetic diversity among different varieties helps to improve desired characteristics of crops, including disease resistance, early maturity, high yield, and resistance to drought. Molecular markers are one of the most effective tools for discovering genetic diversity that can increase reproductive efficiency. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), which are codominant markers, are preferred for the determination of genetic diversity because they are highly polymorphic, multi-allelic, highly reproducible, and have good genome coverage. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 40 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces collected from the Ispir district located in the Northeast Anatolia region of Türkiye and five commercial varieties using SSR markers. The Twenty-seven SSR markers produced a total of 142 polymorphic bands, ranging from 2 (GATS91 and PVTT001) to 12 (BM153) alleles per marker, with an average number of 5.26 alleles. The gene diversity per marker varied between 0.37 and 0.87 for BM053 and BM153 markers, respectively. When heterozygous individuals are calculated proportional to the population, the heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 1.00, with an average of 0.30. The expected heterozygosity of the SSR locus ranged from 0.37 (BM053) to 0.88 (BM153), with an average of 0.69. Nei’s gene diversity scored an average of 0.69. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of SSR markers varied from 0.33 (BM053) to 0.86 (BM153), with an average of 0.63 per locus. The greatest genetic distance (0.83) was between lines 49, 50, 53, and cultivar Karacaşehir-90, while the shortest (0.08) was between lines 6 and 26. In cluster analysis using Nei’s genetic distance, 45 common bean genotypes were divided into three groups and very little relationship was found between the genotypes and the geographical distances. In genetic structure analysis, three subgroups were formed, including local landraces and commercial varieties. The result confirmed that the rich diversity existing in Ispir bean landraces could be used as a genetic resource in designing breeding programs and may also contribute to Türkiye bean breeding programs
iPBS-Retrotransposon Markers in the Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm from Türkiye
Beans are legumes that play extremely important roles in human nutrition, serving as good sources of protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. In this study, we tried to elucidate the genetic diversity and population structure of 40 Turkish bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) local varieties and 5 commercial cultivars collected from 8 different locations in Erzurum-Ispir by using inter-primary binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers. For molecular characterization, the 26 most polymorphic iPBS primers were used; 52 bands per primer and 1350 bands in total were recorded. The mean polymorphism information content was 0.331. Various diversity indices, such as the mean effective allele number (0.706), mean Shannon’s information index (0.546), and gene diversity (0.361) revealed the presence of sufficient genetic diversity in the germplasm examined. Molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) revealed that 67% of variation in bean germplasm was due to differences within populations. In addition, population structure analysis exposed all local and commercial bean varieties from five sub-populations. Expected heterozygosity values ranged between 0.1567 (the fourth sub-population) and 0.3210 (first sub-population), with an average value of 0.2103. In contrary, population differentiation measurement (Fst) was identified as 0.0062 for the first sub-population, 0.6372 for the fourth subpopulations. This is the first study to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of bean germplasm in Erzurum-Ispir region using the iPBS-retrotransposon marker system. Overall, the current results showed that iPBS markers could be used consistently to elucidate the genetic diversity of local and commercial bean varieties and potentially be included in future studies examining diversity in a larger collection of local and commercial bean varieties from different regions
Determining Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces from Türkiye Using SSR Markers
Assessment of genetic diversity among different varieties helps to improve desired characteristics of crops, including disease resistance, early maturity, high yield, and resistance to drought. Molecular markers are one of the most effective tools for discovering genetic diversity that can increase reproductive efficiency. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), which are codominant markers, are preferred for the determination of genetic diversity because they are highly polymorphic, multi-allelic, highly reproducible, and have good genome coverage. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 40 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces collected from the Ispir district located in the Northeast Anatolia region of Türkiye and five commercial varieties using SSR markers. The Twenty-seven SSR markers produced a total of 142 polymorphic bands, ranging from 2 (GATS91 and PVTT001) to 12 (BM153) alleles per marker, with an average number of 5.26 alleles. The gene diversity per marker varied between 0.37 and 0.87 for BM053 and BM153 markers, respectively. When heterozygous individuals are calculated proportional to the population, the heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 1.00, with an average of 0.30. The expected heterozygosity of the SSR locus ranged from 0.37 (BM053) to 0.88 (BM153), with an average of 0.69. Nei’s gene diversity scored an average of 0.69. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of SSR markers varied from 0.33 (BM053) to 0.86 (BM153), with an average of 0.63 per locus. The greatest genetic distance (0.83) was between lines 49, 50, 53, and cultivar Karacaşehir-90, while the shortest (0.08) was between lines 6 and 26. In cluster analysis using Nei’s genetic distance, 45 common bean genotypes were divided into three groups and very little relationship was found between the genotypes and the geographical distances. In genetic structure analysis, three subgroups were formed, including local landraces and commercial varieties. The result confirmed that the rich diversity existing in Ispir bean landraces could be used as a genetic resource in designing breeding programs and may also contribute to Türkiye bean breeding programs
Determining Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces from Turkiye Using SSR Markers
Assessment of genetic diversity among different varieties helps to improve desired characteristics of crops, including disease resistance, early maturity, high yield, and resistance to drought. Molecular markers are one of the most effective tools for discovering genetic diversity that can increase reproductive efficiency. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), which are codominant markers, are preferred for the determination of genetic diversity because they are highly polymorphic, multi-allelic, highly reproducible, and have good genome coverage. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 40 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces collected from the Ispir district located in the Northeast Anatolia region of Turkiye and five commercial varieties using SSR markers. The Twenty-seven SSR markers produced a total of 142 polymorphic bands, ranging from 2 (GATS91 and PVTT001) to 12 (BM153) alleles per marker, with an average number of 5.26 alleles. The gene diversity per marker varied between 0.37 and 0.87 for BM053 and BM153 markers, respectively. When heterozygous individuals are calculated proportional to the population, the heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 1.00, with an average of 0.30. The expected heterozygosity of the SSR locus ranged from 0.37 (BM053) to 0.88 (BM153), with an average of 0.69. Nei's gene diversity scored an average of 0.69. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of SSR markers varied from 0.33 (BM053) to 0.86 (BM153), with an average of 0.63 per locus. The greatest genetic distance (0.83) was between lines 49, 50, 53, and cultivar Karacasehir-90, while the shortest (0.08) was between lines 6 and 26. In cluster analysis using Nei's genetic distance, 45 common bean genotypes were divided into three groups and very little relationship was found between the genotypes and the geographical distances. In genetic structure analysis, three subgroups were formed, including local landraces and commercial varieties. The result confirmed that the rich diversity existing in Ispir bean landraces could be used as a genetic resource in designing breeding programs and may also contribute to Turkiye bean breeding programs.Peer reviewe
UNav-Sim: A Visually Realistic Underwater Robotics Simulator and Synthetic Data-generation Framework
Underwater robotic surveys can be costly due to the complex working
environment and the need for various sensor modalities. While underwater
simulators are essential, many existing simulators lack sufficient rendering
quality, restricting their ability to transfer algorithms from simulation to
real-world applications. To address this limitation, we introduce UNav-Sim,
which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first simulator to incorporate the
efficient, high-detail rendering of Unreal Engine 5 (UE5). UNav-Sim is
open-source and includes an autonomous vision-based navigation stack. By
supporting standard robotics tools like ROS, UNav-Sim enables researchers to
develop and test algorithms for underwater environments efficiently.Comment: 7 page
Worker deaths: A regional autopsy study
Amaç: Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü’ne göre her 15 saniyede bir 153 işçi iş kazası geçirmekte ve bir işçi iş kazaları veya hastalıklar nedeniyle
ölmektedir. Dünyada her gün 6.300 insan iş kazaları veya işle ilişkili hastalıklar nedeniyle ölmektedir.
Yöntem: Adli Tıp Kurumu Trabzon Grup Başkanlığı Morg İhtisas Dairesi’nde, 2011-2015 yılları arasında otopsisi yapılan, ölüm nedeni iş kazasına
bağlanan olguların adli tahkikat evrakları ve otopsi raporları geriye dönük olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Toplam 112 işçi ölümünden 111’inin (%99,1) erkek, 1’inin (%0,9) kadın olduğu tespit edildi. Yaşları 18 ile 64 yıl arasında değişmekteydi.
Olguların iş kollarına göre dağılımı incelendiğinde 61 (%54,5) olgunun inşaat sektöründe ve 12 (%10,7) olgunun enerji sektöründe çalıştığı
tespit edildi. İş kazalarının 34 (%30,4) olguda yüksekten düşme, 19 (%17) olguda elektrik çarpması nedeniyle gerçekleştiği belirlendi. Yapılan
otopsilerde 44 (%39,3) olguda kafatası kemik kırıkları, 22 (%19,6) olguda göğüs kafesi kırıkları vardı. Histopatolojik incelemelerde, 13 (%11,6)
olguda kalp-damar patolojileri ve 20 (%17,9) olguda akciğerlerde ödem ve kanama bulundu.
Sonuç: Ulusal iş kazası istatistikleriyle de uyumlu olarak, bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, ilk sırada inşaat sektörü bulunmaktadır. Ölüm nedeni
olarak ise yüksekten düşmeye bağlı genel beden travmaları, elektrik çarpmaları ve iş makinesi kazaları öne çıkmaktadır.Objective: According to the International Labor Organization, 153 workers are injured and one worker dies because of occupational accidents
or diseases every 15 seconds. Every day, 6,300 people die due to occupational accidents or work-related diseases in the world.
Methods: Forensic investigation documents and autopsy reports of patients who were autopsied between 2011 and 2015 at the Forensic
Medicine Department of Morgue Specialization in Trabzon Group Presidency and whose causes of death were related to occupational accidents
were examined retrospectively.
Results: It was determined that 111 (99.1%) were male and 1 (0.9%) were female from a total of 112 worker deaths. Their ages ranged between 18
and 64 years. When the distribution of cases by business types was analyzed, it was determined that 61 (54.5%) cases worked in the construction
sector and 12 (10.7%) in the energy sector. It was determined that work accidents occurred due to falling from height in 34 (30.4%) cases and
electric shock in 19 (17%) cases. There were skull bone fractures in 44 (39.3%) cases and rib cage fractures in 22 (19.6%) cases during autopsies. In
histopathological examinations, there were cardiovascular pathologies in 13 (11.6%) cases, edema and bleeding in the lungs in 20 (17.9%) cases.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, construction sector took place on the top, which is consistent with the national work accident
statistics. As a cause of death, general body traumas due to falling from high, electric shocks and work machine accidents come to the fore
Predictive value of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio for no-reflow in patients with Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Introduction: The focus of this research was to explore the link between CRP (C-reactive protein)/albumin ratio (CAR), a novel inflammatory response marker, and no-reflow (NR) phenomena in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI) patients during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The current study recruited 209 non-STEMI participants who underwent PCI. The patients were divided into two groups based on their post-intervention Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade; those with and without NR. Results: In all, 30 non-STEMI patients (6.9%) had NR after PCI. CAR values were substantially greater in the NR group. The CAR was identified to be a determinant of the NR (OR: 1.250, 95% CI: 1.033-1.513, P = 0.02), although CRP and albumin were not independently related with NR in the multivariate analysis. In our investigation, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and high thrombus burden were also predictors of the occurrence of NR. According to receiver operating characteristic curve evaluation, the optimal value of CAR was > 1.4 with 60% sensitivity and 47% specificity in detecting NR in non-STEMI patients following PCI. Conclusion: To the best of knowledge, this is the first investigation to demonstrate that the CAR, a new and useful inflammatory marker, can be utilized as a predictor of NR in patients with non-STEMI prior to PCI
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